Numbers 28
New English Translation
Daily Offerings
28 [a] The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Command the Israelites:[b] ‘With regard to my offering,[c] be sure to offer[d] my food for my offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to me at its appointed time.’[e] 3 You will say to them, ‘This is the offering made by fire that you must offer to the Lord: two unblemished lambs one year old each day for a continual[f] burnt offering. 4 The first lamb you must offer in the morning, and the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon,[g] 5 with one-tenth of an ephah[h] of finely ground flour as a grain offering mixed with one-quarter of a hin[i] of pressed olive oil. 6 It is a continual burnt offering that was instituted on Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord.
7 “‘And its drink offering must be one-quarter of a hin for each lamb.[j] You must pour out the strong drink[k] as a drink offering to the Lord in the Holy Place. 8 And the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon; just as you offered the grain offering and drink offering in the morning,[l] you must offer it as an offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.
Weekly Offerings
9 “‘On the Sabbath day, you must offer[m] two unblemished lambs a year old, and two-tenths of an ephah[n] of finely ground flour as a grain offering, mixed with olive oil, along with its drink offering. 10 This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath,[o] besides the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.
Monthly Offerings
11 “‘On the first day of each month[p] you must offer as a burnt offering to the Lord two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished lambs a year old, 12 with three-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for each bull, and two-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for the ram, 13 and one-tenth of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for each lamb, as a burnt offering for a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord. 14 For their drink offerings, include[q] half a hin of wine with each bull, one-third of a hin for the ram, and one-fourth of a hin for each lamb. This is the burnt offering for each month[r] throughout the months of the year. 15 And one male goat[s] must be offered to the Lord as a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.
The Passover
16 “‘On the fourteenth day of the first month is the Lord’s Passover. 17 And on the fifteenth day of this month is the festival. For seven days bread made without yeast must be eaten. 18 And on the first day there is to be a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work[t] on it.
19 “‘But you must offer to the Lord an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs one year old; they must all be unblemished.[u] 20 And their grain offering is to be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil. For each bull you must offer three-tenths of an ephah, and two-tenths for the ram. 21 For each of the seven lambs you are to offer one-tenth of an ephah, 22 as well as one goat for a purification offering, to make atonement for you. 23 You must offer these in addition to the burnt offering in the morning that is for a continual burnt offering. 24 In this manner you must offer daily throughout the seven days the food of the sacrifice made by fire as a sweet aroma to the Lord. It is to be offered in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering. 25 On the seventh day you are to have a holy assembly, you must do no regular work.
Firstfruits
26 “‘Also, on the day of the firstfruits, when you bring a new grain offering to the Lord during your Feast of Weeks, you are to have a holy assembly. You must do no ordinary work. 27 But you must offer as the burnt offering, as a sweet aroma to the Lord, two young bulls, one ram, seven lambs one year old, 28 with their grain offering of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil: three-tenths of an ephah for each bull, two-tenths for the one ram, 29 with one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, 30 as well as one male goat to make an atonement for you. 31 You are to offer them with their drink offerings in addition to the continual burnt offering and its grain offering—they must be unblemished.
Footnotes
- Numbers 28:1 sn For additional reading on these chapters, see G. B. Gray, Sacrifice in the Old Testament; A. F. Rainey, “The Order of Sacrifices in the Old Testament Ritual Texts,” Bib 51 (1970): 485-98; N. H. Snaith, The Jewish New Year Festival.
- Numbers 28:2 tn Heb “and say to them.” These words have not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Numbers 28:2 tn The sentence begins with the accusative “my offering.” It is suspended at the beginning as an independent accusative to itemize the subject matter. The second accusative is the formal object of the verb. It could also be taken in apposition to the first accusative.
- Numbers 28:2 tn The construction uses the imperfect tense expressing instruction, followed by the infinitive construct used to express the complement of direct object.
- Numbers 28:2 sn See L. R. Fisher, “New Ritual Calendar from Ugarit,” HTR 63 (1970): 485-501.
- Numbers 28:3 sn The sacrifice was to be kept burning, but each morning the priests would have to clean the grill and put a new offering on the altar. So the idea of a continual burnt offering is more that of a regular offering.
- Numbers 28:4 tn Heb “between the evenings” meaning between dusk and dark.
- Numbers 28:5 sn That is about two quarts.
- Numbers 28:5 sn That is about one quart.
- Numbers 28:7 tn Heb “the one lamb,” but it is meant to indicate for “each lamb.”
- Numbers 28:7 tn The word שֵׁכָר (shekhar) is often translated “strong drink.” It can mean “barley beer” in the Akkadian cognate, and also in the Hebrew Bible when joined with the word for wine. English versions here read “wine” (NAB, TEV, CEV); “strong wine” (KJV); “fermented drink” (NIV, NLT); “strong drink” (ASV, NASB, NRSV).
- Numbers 28:8 tn Heb “as the grain offering of the morning and as its drink offering.”
- Numbers 28:9 tn The words “you must offer” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied. They have been supplied in the translation to make a complete English sentence.
- Numbers 28:9 sn That is, about 4 quarts.
- Numbers 28:10 tn Heb “the burnt offering of the Sabbath by its Sabbath.”
- Numbers 28:11 tn Heb “of your months.”
- Numbers 28:14 tn The word “include” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied. It is supplied in the translation to make a complete English sentence.
- Numbers 28:14 tn Heb “a month in its month.”
- Numbers 28:15 tn Heb “one kid of the goats.”
- Numbers 28:18 tn Heb “any work [of] service”; this means any occupational work, that is, the ordinary service.
- Numbers 28:19 tn Heb “unblemished they will be to you.” So also in v. 31.
Numbers 28
Common English Bible
Daily offering
28 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 Command the Israelites and say to them: Make sure to offer to me my offering, my food, my food gift as a soothing smell to me at its appointed time.
3 You will say to them: This is the food gift that you must present to the Lord: two flawless one-year-old lambs as the regular entirely burned offering every day. 4 One lamb you will offer in the morning and the second at twilight, 5 with a tenth of an ephah[a] of fine flour for a grain offering mixed with a fourth of a hin[b] of beaten oil. 6 It is the regular entirely burned offering begun at Mount Sinai, a food gift that is a soothing smell to the Lord. 7 Their drink offering will be a fourth of a hin for each lamb. In the sanctuary a drink offering of brandy will be poured out for the Lord. 8 The second lamb you will offer at twilight like the grain offering and the drink offering in the morning. You will offer a food gift that is a soothing smell to the Lord.
9 On the Sabbath day: two flawless one-year-old male lambs and two-tenths of fine flour for a grain offering, mixed with oil, and its drink offering. 10 This is the entirely burned offering for every Sabbath, in addition to the regular entirely burned offering and its drink offering.
Monthly offering
11 At the beginning of every month you will present an entirely burned offering to the Lord: two bulls from the herd, one ram, and seven one-year-old male lambs, all flawless. 12 Use three-tenths of fine flour for a grain offering mixed with oil for each bull, two-tenths of fine flour for a grain offering mixed with oil for each ram, 13 and one-tenth of fine flour for a grain offering mixed with oil for each lamb. It is an entirely burned offering with a soothing smell, a food gift to the Lord. 14 Their drink offerings will be half a hin of wine for a bull, a third a hin of wine for a ram, and a fourth a hin of wine for a lamb. This is the monthly entirely burned offering for every month through the months of the year. 15 There will be one male goat for a purification offering to the Lord in addition to the regular entirely burned offering and its drink offering.
Yearly offerings
Passover and unleavened bread
16 On the fourteenth day of the first month[c] there will be a Passover offering to the Lord. 17 On the fifteenth day of this month there will be a festival. For seven days unleavened bread will be eaten. 18 The first day will be a holy occasion. You will not do any job-related work. 19 You will bring a food gift, an entirely burned offering to the Lord: two bulls from the herd, one ram, and seven male lambs one year old. They will be flawless. 20 Their grain offering will be fine flour mixed with oil. You will offer three-tenths for the bull, two-tenths for the ram, 21 and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, 22 along with one male goat for a purification offering to seek reconciliation for yourselves. 23 You will offer these in addition to the entirely burned offering of the morning, which is the regular entirely burned offering. 24 Like these, you will also offer each day for seven days a food gift as a soothing smell to the Lord. It will be offered in addition to the regular entirely burned offering and its drink offering. 25 The seventh day will be a holy occasion for you. You will not do any job-related work.
Festival of Weeks
26 The day of the early produce, when you present your new grain offering to the Lord at your Festival of Weeks, will be a holy occasion for you. You will not do any job-related work. 27 You will present an entirely burned offering as a soothing smell to the Lord: two bulls from the herd, one ram, and seven male lambs one year old. 28 Their grain offering will be fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths for each bull, two-tenths for the one ram, 29 and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs. 30 Offer one male goat to seek reconciliation for yourselves. 31 You will offer these in addition to the regular entirely burned offering, its grain offering and drink offerings. They will be flawless.
Footnotes
- Numbers 28:5 One ephah is approximately twenty quarts.
- Numbers 28:5 One hin is approximately one gallon.
- Numbers 28:16 March–April, Nisan
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