13 And the Lord said to Moses,

² Send men to explore and scout out [for yourselves] the land of Canaan, which I give to the Israelites. From each tribe of their fathers you shall send a man, every one a leader or head among them.

³ So Moses by the command of the Lord sent scouts from the Wilderness of Paran, all of them men who were heads of the Israelites.

⁴ These were their names: of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur;

⁵ Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori;

⁶ Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh;

⁷ Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph;

⁸ Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea [that is, Joshua] son of Nun;

⁹ Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu;

¹⁰ Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi;

¹¹ Of the tribe of Joseph, that is, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi;

¹² Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli;

¹³ Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael;

¹⁴ Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi;

¹⁵ Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Machi.

¹⁶ These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to explore and scout out the land. And Moses called Hoshea son of Nun, Joshua.

¹⁷ Moses sent them to scout out the land of Canaan, and said to them, Get up this way by the South (the Negeb) and go up into the hill country,

¹⁸ And see what the land is and whether the people who dwell there are strong or weak, few or many,

¹⁹ And whether the land they live in is good or bad, and whether the cities they dwell in are camps or strongholds,

²⁰ And what the land is, whether it is fat or lean, whether there is timber on it or not. And be of good courage and bring some of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the first ripe grapes.

²¹ So they went up and scouted through the land from the Wilderness of Zin to Rehob, to the entrance of Hamath.

²² And then went up into the South (the Negeb) and came to Hebron; and Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai [probably three tribes of] the sons of Anak were there. (Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)

²³ And they came to the Valley of Eshcol, and cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a pole between two [of them]; they brought also some pomegranates and figs.

²⁴ That place was called the Valley of Eshcol [cluster] because of the cluster which the Israelites cut down there.

²⁵ And they returned from scouting out the land after forty days.

²⁶ They came to Moses and Aaron and to all the Israelite congregation in the Wilderness of Paran at Kadesh, and brought them word, and showed them the land’s fruit.

²⁷ They told Moses, We came to the land to which you sent us; surely it flows with milk and honey. This is its fruit.

²⁸ But the people who dwell there are strong, and the cities are ^[a]fortified and very large; moreover, there we saw the sons of Anak [of great stature and courage].

²⁹ Amalek dwells in the land of the South (the Negeb); the Hittite, the Jebusite, and the Amorite dwell in the hill country; and the Canaanite dwells by the sea and along by the side of the Jordan [River].

³⁰ Caleb quieted the people before Moses, and said, Let us go up at once and possess it; we are well able to conquer it.

³¹ But his fellow scouts said, We are not able to go up against the people [of Canaan], for they are stronger than we are.

³² So they brought the Israelites an evil report of the land which they had scouted out, saying, The land through which we went to spy it out is a land that devours its inhabitants. And all the people that we saw in it are men of great stature.

³³ There we saw the Nephilim [or giants], the sons of Anak, who come from the giants; and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.

14 And all the congregation cried out with a loud voice, and [they] wept that night.

² All the Israelites grumbled and deplored their situation, accusing Moses and Aaron, to whom the whole congregation said, Would that we had died in Egypt! Or that we had died in this wilderness!

³ Why does the Lord bring us to this land to fall by the sword? Our wives and little ones will be a prey. Is it not better for us to return to Egypt?^(A)

⁴ And they said one to another, Let us choose a captain and return to Egypt.

⁵ Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly of Israelites.

⁶ And Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, who were among the scouts who had searched the land, rent their clothes,

⁷ And they said to all the company of Israelites, The land through which we passed as scouts is an exceedingly good land.

⁸ If the Lord delights in us, then He will bring us into this land and give it to us, a land flowing with milk and honey.

⁹ Only do not rebel against the Lord, neither fear the people of the land, for they are bread for us. Their defense and the shadow [of protection] is removed from over them, but the Lord is with us. Fear them not.

¹⁰ But all the congregation said to stone [Joshua and Caleb] with stones. But the glory of the Lord appeared at the Tent of Meeting before all the Israelites.

¹¹ And the Lord said to Moses, How long will this people provoke (spurn, despise) Me? And how long will it be before they believe Me [trusting in, relying on, clinging to Me], for all the signs which I have performed among them?

¹² I will smite them with the pestilence and disinherit them, and will make of you [Moses] a nation greater and mightier than they.

¹³ But Moses said to the Lord, Then the Egyptians will hear of it, for You brought up this people in Your might from among them.

¹⁴ And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have heard that You, Lord, are in the midst of this people [of Israel], that You, Lord, are seen face to face, and that Your cloud stands over them, and that You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night.

¹⁵ Now if You kill all this people as one man, then the nations that have heard Your fame will say,

¹⁶ Because the Lord was not able to bring this people into the land which He swore to give to them, therefore He has slain them in the wilderness.

¹⁷ And now, I pray You, let the power of my Lord be great, as You have promised, saying,

¹⁸ The Lord is long-suffering and slow to anger, and abundant in mercy and loving-kindness, forgiving iniquity and transgression; but He will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, upon the third and fourth generation.^(B)

¹⁹ Pardon, I pray You, the iniquity of this people according to the greatness of Your mercy and loving-kindness, just as You have forgiven [them] from Egypt until now.

²⁰ And the Lord said, I have pardoned according to your word.

²¹ But truly as I live and as all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the Lord,^(C)

²² Because all those men who have seen My glory and My [miraculous] signs which I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tested and proved Me these ten times and have not heeded My voice,

²³ Surely they shall not see the land which I swore to give to their fathers; nor shall any who provoked (spurned, despised) Me see it.^(D)

²⁴ But My servant Caleb, because he has a different spirit and has followed Me fully, I will bring into the land into which he went, and his descendants shall possess it.

²⁵ Now because the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwell in the valley, tomorrow turn and go into the wilderness by way of the Red Sea.

²⁶ And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron,

²⁷ How long will this evil congregation murmur against Me? I have heard the complaints the Israelites murmur against Me.

²⁸ Tell them, As I live, says the Lord, what you have said in My hearing I will do to you:

²⁹ Your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness—of all who were numbered of you, from twenty years old and upward, who have murmured against Me,^(E)

³⁰ Surely none shall come into the land in which I swore to make you dwell, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.

³¹ But your little ones whom you said would be a prey, them will I bring in and they shall know the land which you have despised and rejected.

³² But as for you, your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness.

³³ And your children shall be wanderers and shepherds in the wilderness for forty years and shall suffer for your whoredoms (your infidelity to your espoused God), until your corpses are consumed in the wilderness.

³⁴ After the number of the days in which you spied out the land [of Canaan], even forty days, for each day a year shall you bear and suffer for your iniquities, even for forty years, and you shall know My displeasure [the revoking of My promise and My estrangement].

³⁵ I the Lord have spoken; surely this will I do to all this evil congregation who is gathered together against Me. In this wilderness they shall be consumed [by war, disease, plagues], and here they shall die.^(F)

³⁶ And the men whom Moses sent to search the land, who returned and made all the congregation grumble and complain against him by bringing back a slanderous report of the land,

³⁷ Even those men who brought the evil report of the land died by a plague before the Lord.^(G)

³⁸ But Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, who were among the men who went to search the land, lived still.

³⁹ Moses told [the Lord’s] words to all the Israelites, and [they] mourned greatly.

⁴⁰ And they rose early in the morning and went up to the top of the mountain, saying, Behold, we are here, and we intend to go up to the place which the Lord has promised, for we have sinned.

⁴¹ But Moses said, Why now do you transgress the command of the Lord [to turn back by way of the Red Sea], since it will not succeed?

⁴² Go not up, for the Lord is not among you, that you be not struck down before your enemies.

⁴³ For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and you shall fall by the sword. Because you have turned away from following after the Lord, therefore the Lord will not be with you.

⁴⁴ But they presumed to go up to the heights of the hill country; however, neither the ark of the covenant of the Lord nor Moses departed out of the camp.

⁴⁵ Then the Amalekites came down and the Canaanites who dwelt in that hill country and smote the Israelites and beat them back, even as far as Hormah.