Numeri 35
Het Boek
De vrijsteden
35 Terwijl Israël op de vlakte van Moab aan de Jordaan tegenover Jericho verbleef, zei de Here tegen Mozes: 2 ‘Zeg de Israëlieten dat zij de Levieten als hun erfdeel bepaalde steden en weidegrond daar omheen moeten geven. 3 Die steden zijn voor hun huizen en de weidegrond is voor hun kudden en het andere levende vee. 4 De weidegrond rond de steden begint op vierhonderdvijftig meter vanaf de stadsmuur en gaat nog eens vierhonderdvijftig meter door. 5 Zo zullen de stadsmuur en de grens van het weidegebied negenhonderd meter van elkaar liggen, met de stad in het midden. 6 U zult de Levieten zes vrijsteden geven, waarheen iemand kan vluchten als hij per ongeluk een ander heeft gedood, zodat hij veilig is en daarnaast nog tweeënveertig andere steden. 7 Bij elkaar zullen achtenveertig steden met de omringende weidegrond aan de Levieten worden gegeven. 8 Deze steden zullen door het hele land verspreid liggen, de grotere stammen met meer steden zullen enige steden aan de Levieten afstaan, de kleinere stammen wat minder.’
9,10 En de Here zei tegen Mozes: ‘Zeg de Israëlieten dat zij na hun aankomst in het land steden moeten uitkiezen 11 die als vrijstad kunnen fungeren. Naar zoʼn stad kan iemand die per ongeluk een ander heeft gedood, vluchten. 12 Deze steden zullen plaatsen zijn die bescherming bieden tegen familieleden die de dode willen wreken, want de doder mag niet worden omgebracht voordat in een eerlijke rechtszaak zijn schuld is bewezen. 13,14 Drie van dergelijke steden moeten in Kanaän liggen, de andere drie aan de oostzijde van de Jordaan. 15 Zij dienen niet alleen ter bescherming van Israëlieten, maar ook van buitenlanders en reizigers. 16 Maar als iemand met een stuk ijzer is doodgeslagen, moet worden aangenomen dat het moord is en de moordenaar moet ter dood worden gebracht. 17 Ook als de gedode man met een grote steen werd neergeslagen, is het moord en zal de moordenaar sterven. 18 Hetzelfde geldt als hij met een houten wapen is gedood. 19 De wreker van de dode zal de moordenaar eigenhandig doden als hij hem ontmoet. 20 Dus, als iemand een ander uit haat doodt door iets opzettelijk naar hem toe te gooien 21 of hem in woede slaat zodat hij sterft, is hij een moordenaar en de moordenaar zal door de wreker ter dood worden gebracht. 22,23 Maar als het een ongeluk is: in het geval dat iets zonder kwade bedoelingen is gegooid of als een steen zonder woede is gegooid, zonder te beseffen dat hij iemand kan raken en zonder een vijand te willen treffen, maar de man sterft, 24 dan zal het volk beoordelen of het wel of niet een ongeluk was en of het de dader wel of niet zal overdragen aan de wreker van de dode. 25 Als wordt bepaald dat het een ongeluk was, zal het volk de dader tegen de wreker beschermen, de dader wordt toegestaan in de vrijstad te blijven. Daar moet hij blijven wonen tot de dood van de hogepriester. 26 Als de dader de vrijstad verlaat 27 en de wreker treft hem buiten de stad aan en doodt hem, is dat geen moord. 28 De man had in de vrijstad moeten blijven tot de dood van de hogepriester. Maar na de dood van de hogepriester mag de man naar zijn huis en grond terugkeren.
29 Dit zijn vaststaande wetten voor heel Israël, die van generatie op generatie blijven gelden. 30 Iedere moordenaar moet ter dood worden gebracht, maar dan moet er wel meer dan één getuige tegen hem zijn. Geen enkele man zal sterven door een getuigenis van slechts één man. 31 Als iemand schuldig is bevonden aan moord, moet hij sterven, er mag geen losprijs voor hem worden aanvaard. 32 Ook van een vluchteling in een vrijstad mag geen losprijs worden aangenomen, die hem in staat stelt naar huis terug te keren voordat de hogepriester is gestorven.
33 Op die manier zal het land niet worden verontreinigd, want moord bevuilt een land. Voor moord kan maar op één manier verzoening worden gedaan: door de executie van de moordenaar. 34 U mag het land waar u zult gaan wonen, niet verontreinigen want Ik, de Here, zal daar in uw midden wonen.’
Numbers 35
Common English Bible
Cities and pastures of the Levites
35 The Lord spoke to Moses in the Moab plains by the Jordan across from Jericho: 2 Command the Israelites that they give cities from their inherited property to the Levites in which to live. You will also give the Levites pastures around their cities. 3 The cities will be theirs in which to live. Their pastures will be for their cattle, their possessions, and all their animals. 4 The pastures of the cities that you must give to the Levites will extend from the wall of the city outward for one thousand five hundred feet in all directions. 5 You will measure outside the city on the east side three thousand feet, on the south side three thousand feet, on the west side three thousand feet, and on the north side three thousand feet, with the city in the middle. These will be their cities’ pastures.
6 Six of the cities that you give to the Levites will be refuge cities. You will allow the person who kills someone to flee there. In addition to these you will give them forty-two cities. 7 All the cities that you give to the Levites will total forty-eight, along with their pastures. 8 As for the cities that you give from the property of the Israelites, you will take more from the larger tribes and less from the smaller. Each in proportion to its inheritance will give cities to the Levites.
Refuge cities
9 The Lord spoke to Moses: 10 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 identify for yourselves cities to be refuge cities, where a person who kills someone by accident may flee. 12 The cities will be for you a place of refuge from the close relative of the dead. The person who killed someone may not be put to death until he stands before the community for judgment. 13 You will establish six refuge cities for yourselves. 14 You will establish three cities across the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan. They will be the refuge cities. 15 These six cities will be refuge for Israelites, immigrants, and temporary residents, as a place to flee for anyone who kills a person by accident.
16 But if someone strikes a person with an iron object and he dies, he is a murderer. The murderer must definitely be put to death. 17 If someone strikes another with a stone in hand that could cause death and he dies, he is a murderer. The murderer must definitely be put to death. 18 Or if someone strikes with a wood object in hand that could cause death, he is a murderer. The murderer must definitely be put to death. 19 The close relative responsible for the blood[a] of the dead is the one who will put the murderer to death. When he meets him, he will execute him. 20 If in hatred someone hits another or throws something at him with premeditation, he will be put to death. 21 Or if in hostility someone strikes another with his hand and he dies, the one who struck is a murderer and he will be put to death. The close relative will put the murderer to death when he meets him.
22 But if suddenly and without hostility someone hits another or throws any object at him without premeditation, 23 or accidentally drops any stone on him that could cause death and he dies—even though they weren’t enemies and no evil was intended— 24 then the community must come to a verdict between the killer and the close relative in accordance with these case laws. 25 The community will protect the killer from the hand of the close relative and return him to the refuge city where he fled. He will live there until the death of the high priest who was anointed with holy oil. 26 But if the killer ever goes outside the boundaries of the refuge city where he fled 27 and the close relative finds him outside the boundary of his refuge city and kills him, he will not be responsible for his blood. 28 The killer must live in his refuge city until the high priest’s death. After the high priest’s death the killer may return to the land he owns.
29 These will be the regulations and case laws for all time in all your settlements.
30 Anyone who kills another will be executed on the evidence of witnesses. But one witness alone cannot testify against a person for a death sentence. 31 You may not accept a ransom for the life of a killer, who is guilty of a capital crime, for he must definitely be put to death. 32 You may not accept a ransom for someone who has fled to his refuge city so that he can return and live in the land before the priest’s death. 33 You may not pollute the land in which you live, for the blood pollutes the land. There can be no recovery[b] for the land from the blood that is shed in it, except by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 You will not make the land in which you live unclean, the land in the middle of which I reside, for I the Lord reside among the Israelites.
Footnotes
- Numbers 35:19 Or (here and throughout Num 35) the close relative of the blood
- Numbers 35:33 Or reconciliation
Numbers 35
Lexham English Bible
Cities for the Levites
35 Yahweh spoke to Moses on the desert plains of Moab beyond the Jordan across Jericho, saying, 2 “Command the Israelites[a] that they give to the Levites from the inheritance of their property cities to live in; and you will give to the Levites pastureland all around the cities.[b] 3 The cities will be theirs to live in, and their pasturelands will be for their domestic animals, for their possessions, and their animals.[c]
4 “The pasturelands of the cities that you will give to the Levites will extend from the wall of the city to a distance of a thousand cubits all around. 5 You will measure outside the city the eastern edge two thousand cubits, for the southern edge two thousand cubits, for the western edge two thousand cubits, and for the northern edge two thousand cubits, with the city in the middle; this will be for them the pasturelands of the cities.
6 “All the cities that you will give the Levites will be six cities of refuge, to which the killer can flee; in addition to them you will give forty-two cities. 7 All the cities that you will give to the Levites will be forty-eight cities, them with their pasturelands. 8 And the cities that you will give from the property of the Israelites,[d] you will take more from the larger group and less from the smaller group; each of them will give according to the portion of their inheritance according to the portion that he inherits.”
Cities of Refuge
9 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the Israelites[e] and say to them, ‘When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 you will select for yourselves cities for your cities of refuge, that a killer who has killed a person unintentionally can flee there. 12 The cities will be to you a refuge from a redeemer, so that the killer will not die until he stands before the community for judgment. 13 The cities that you are to give will be your six cities of refuge. 14 You will give three cities across the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan; they will be cities of refuge. 15 To the Israelites,[f] to the alien, and to the temporary resident in their midst there will be these six cities as a refuge to which anyone who unintentionally kills a person may flee.
16 “‘But if he hit him with an object of iron, so that he dies, the killer must surely be put to death. 17 And if he hit him with a stone in the hand, by which he will die, and he does die, he is a killer; the killer must surely be put to death. 18 Or if he hit him with a wooden object, by which he will die, and he does die, he is a killer; the killer must surely be put to death. 19 The blood avenger himself will put the killer to death; he must put him to death when meeting him. 20 If he shoves him in hatred, or he throws something at him with intention, and he dies, 21 or if he hits him in hostility with his hand, and he dies, the one that struck him will put to death the killer when meeting him.
22 “‘Or if in an instant he shoved him, not in hostility, or threw something at him without intention, 23 or with any stone, without seeing it dropped on him so that he dies, while he was not seeking his injury, 24 then the community will judge between the striker and between the blood avenger according to these ordinances. 25 The community will deliver the killer from the hand of the blood avenger, and the community will restore him to the city of his refuge to which he fled; and he will live there in it until the death of the high priest who was anointed with holy oil. 26 But if the killer surely goes out of the territory of the city of his refuge to which he fled, 27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the territory of the city of his refuge, and the blood avenger kills the killer, he will not be guilty of blood[g] 28 because he must live in the city of his refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest the killer will return to the land of his property. 29 These things will be as a decree of justice for you for your generations in all your dwellings.
30 “‘If anyone kills a person, the killer will be put to death according to the testimony[h] of witnesses, but someone cannot die on testimony of one person. 31 Also, you will not take a ransom payment for the life of a killer who is guilty of death; indeed, he must surely be put to death. 32 You will not take a ransom payment for the one that flees to the city of his refuge, so that he may return to live in the land before the death of the priest. 33 So you will not pollute the land in which you are; because blood pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is poured out on it except with the blood of the one who poured it out. 34 You will not defile the land on which you are living because I am living in the midst of it; I am Yahweh; I am living in the midst of the Israelites.’”[i]
Footnotes
- Numbers 35:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Numbers 35:2 Hebrew “them”
- Numbers 35:3 Hebrew “animal”
- Numbers 35:8 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Numbers 35:10 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Numbers 35:15 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Numbers 35:27 Literally “there will not be blood for him”
- Numbers 35:30 Literally “according to the mouth”
- Numbers 35:34 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
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