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The Public Reading of Moses’ Teachings

⌞When the seventh month came,⌟ all the people gathered together in the courtyard in front of Water Gate. They told Ezra the scribe to bring the Book of Moses’ Teachings, which the Lord had commanded Israel ⌞to follow⌟. Then Ezra the priest brought the Teachings in front of the assembly. This included men, women, and any ⌞children⌟ who could understand what they heard. This took place on the first day of the seventh month. From daybreak until noon, he read from it in the courtyard in front of Water Gate to the men, women, and ⌞children⌟ who could understand it. All the people listened to the Book of Moses’ Teachings.

Ezra the scribe stood on a raised wooden platform made for this occasion. Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah stood beside him on his right. Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchiah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam stood beside him on his left. Ezra, standing higher than all the other people, opened the book in front of all the people. As he opened it, all the people stood up. Ezra thanked the Lord, the great God. All the people responded, “Amen! Amen!” as they raised their hands and then bowed with their faces to the ground and worshiped the Lord. The Levites—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, and Pelaiah—explained the Teachings to the people while they were standing there. They read the Book of God’s Teachings clearly and explained the meaning so that the people could understand what was read.

Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people told them, “This is a holy day for the Lord your God. Don’t mourn or cry.” All the people were crying as they listened to the reading of God’s Teachings. 10 Then he told them, “Go, eat rich foods, drink sweet drinks, and send portions to those who cannot provide for themselves. Today is a holy day for the Lord. Don’t be sad because the joy you have in the Lord is your strength.” 11 So the Levites calmed all the people by saying, “Listen. Today is a holy day. Don’t be sad.”

12 Then all the people went to eat and drink and to send portions. They had a big, joyful celebration because they understood the words that had been explained to them.

The Festival of Booths Is Observed

13 On the second day the leaders of the families of all the people, including the priests and the Levites, met with Ezra the scribe to study the words of God’s Teachings. 14 They found written in the Teachings that the Lord had given an order through Moses that the people of Israel should live in booths during a festival in the seventh month. 15 They should announce this command and send this message throughout all their cities and Jerusalem: “Go to the mountains, and get branches—olive and wild olive, myrtle, palm, and other thick-leaved branches—to make booths as it is written.”

16 So the people went to get branches to make booths for themselves. Some made booths on their roofs, others in their courtyards, in the courtyards of God’s temple, in the open area by Water Gate, or in the open area at Ephraim Gate.

17 The whole assembly that had come back from exile made booths and lived in them. From the time of Jeshua (son of Nun) to that day, the people of Israel had not done this. There was a big, joyful celebration. 18 Day by day, from the first day of the festival to the last day, Ezra continued to read from the Book of God’s Teachings. The people celebrated the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, they had a closing festival assembly in accordance with the regulations.

Ezra Reads the Law

And all the people gathered as one man into the square before (A)the Water Gate. And they told (B)Ezra the scribe to bring the Book of the Law of Moses that the Lord had commanded Israel. So Ezra the priest (C)brought the Law before the assembly, both men and women and all who could understand what they heard, (D)on the first day of the seventh month. (E)And he read from it facing the square before the Water Gate from early morning until midday, in the presence of the men and the women and those who could understand. And the ears of all the people were attentive to the Book of the Law. And Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden platform that they had made for the purpose. And beside him stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right hand, and Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam on his left hand. And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people, for he was above all the people, and as he opened it all the people stood. And Ezra blessed the Lord, the great God, and all the people answered, (F)“Amen, Amen,” (G)lifting up their hands. (H)And they bowed their heads and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground. (I)Also Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, the Levites,[a] (J)helped the people to understand the Law, (K)while the people remained in their places. They read from the book, from the Law of God, clearly,[b] and they gave the sense, so that the people understood the reading.

This Day Is Holy

And Nehemiah, who was (L)the governor, and Ezra (M)the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people said to all the people, (N)“This day is holy to the Lord your God; (O)do not mourn or weep.” For all the people wept as they heard the words of the Law. 10 Then he said to them, “Go your way. Eat the fat and drink sweet wine and (P)send portions to anyone who has nothing ready, for this day is holy to our Lord. And do not be grieved, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.” 11 So the Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be quiet, for this day is holy; do not be grieved.” 12 And all the people went their way to eat and drink and to send portions and to make great rejoicing, because (Q)they had understood the words that were declared to them.

Feast of Booths Celebrated

13 On the second day the heads of fathers' houses of all the people, with the priests and the Levites, came together to Ezra the scribe in order to study the words of the Law. 14 And they found it written in the Law that the Lord had commanded by Moses (R)that the people of Israel should dwell in booths[c] during the feast of the seventh month, 15 and that they should proclaim it and (S)publish it in all their towns and (T)in Jerusalem, “Go out to the hills and bring (U)branches of olive, wild olive, myrtle, palm, and other leafy trees to make booths, as it is written.” 16 So the people went out and brought them and made booths for themselves, each (V)on his roof, and in their courts and in the courts of the house of God, and in the square at (W)the Water Gate and in the square at (X)the Gate of Ephraim. 17 And all the assembly of those who had returned from the captivity made booths and lived in the booths, for from the days of Jeshua the son of Nun to that day (Y)the people of Israel had not done so. And there was (Z)very great rejoicing. 18 And day by day, from the first day to the last day, (AA)he read from the Book of the Law of God. They kept the feast seven days, and (AB)on the eighth day there was a solemn assembly, according to the rule.

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 8:7 Vulgate; Hebrew and the Levites
  2. Nehemiah 8:8 Or with interpretation, or paragraph by paragraph
  3. Nehemiah 8:14 Or temporary shelters

La lecture publique de la Loi

Tout le peuple s’assembla comme un seul homme sur la place située devant la porte des Eaux. Ils demandèrent à Esdras, qui était spécialiste de la Loi, d’apporter le livre de la Loi de Moïse donnée par l’Eternel à Israël. Le premier jour du septième mois[a], Esdras, qui était aussi prêtre, apporta la Loi devant l’assemblée composée d’hommes et de femmes et de tous ceux qui étaient en âge de comprendre ce qu’ils entendaient. Il leur lut dans le livre, depuis l’aube jusqu’à midi, sur la place qui est devant la porte des Eaux. Tout le peuple était attentif à la lecture du livre de la Loi : hommes, femmes et tous ceux qui étaient en âge de comprendre. Esdras se tenait sur une estrade de bois dressée pour la circonstance. A sa droite se tenaient Mattitia, Shéma, Anaya, Urie, Hilqiya et Maaséya, et à sa gauche, Pedaya, Mishaël, Malkiya, Hashoum, Hashbaddana, Zacharie et Meshoullam.

Comme il était placé plus haut que tout le peuple, chacun le vit ouvrir le livre. A ce moment-là, tous se levèrent. Esdras bénit l’Eternel, le grand Dieu, et tout le peuple s’écria : Amen ! Amen ! en levant les mains. Puis ils s’inclinèrent jusqu’à terre et se prosternèrent devant l’Eternel pour l’adorer. Alors Josué, Bani, Shérébia, Yamîn, Aqqoub, Shabthaï, Hodiya, Maaséya, Qelita, Azaria, Yozabad, Hanân, Pelaya et les autres lévites expliquèrent la Loi au peuple qui se tenait debout. Ils lisaient dans la Loi de Dieu et expliquaient au fur et à mesure, de façon posée et distincte[b], afin que chacun puisse comprendre ce qu’ils avaient lu.

L’invitation à la joie

Tout le peuple pleurait en entendant les paroles de la Loi. Alors Néhémie le gouverneur, Esdras le prêtre et spécialiste de la Loi, et les lévites qui donnaient les explications au peuple dirent à tous : Ce jour est un jour de fête consacré à l’Eternel votre Dieu. Ce n’est pas le moment de pleurer et de prendre le deuil !

10 Puis Esdras ajouta : A présent, allez faire un bon repas, buvez d’excellentes boissons et faites porter des portions à ceux qui n’ont rien préparé[c], car ce jour est un jour consacré à notre Seigneur. Ne vous affligez donc pas, car la joie que donne l’Eternel est votre force.

11 De leur côté, les lévites calmaient tout le peuple en disant : Soyez tranquilles, car ce jour est consacré à Dieu, ne vous attristez donc pas !

12 Alors tous allèrent manger et boire, faire porter des parts aux pauvres et organiser de grandes réjouissances. Car ils avaient bien compris les paroles qu’on leur avait enseignées.

La célébration de la fête des Cabanes

13 Le lendemain, les chefs de groupes familiaux de tout le peuple, les prêtres et les lévites s’assemblèrent auprès d’Esdras, le spécialiste de la Loi, pour étudier plus attentivement les enseignements de la Loi. 14 Ils trouvèrent écrit dans cette Loi, que l’Eternel avait donnée aux Israélites par l’intermédiaire de Moïse, que les Israélites devaient habiter des cabanes pendant la durée de la fête du septième mois. 15 Alors ils firent publier[d] dans toutes leurs villes et à Jérusalem la proclamation suivante : Sortez dans la montagne[e] et rapportez-en des branches d’olivier cultivé et d’olivier sauvage, de myrte[f], de palmier et d’arbres touffus, pour faire des cabanes comme cela est écrit[g].

16 Le peuple partit et rapporta des branchages. Ils se construisirent des cabanes, sur la terrasse de leur maison, dans leurs cours, dans les parvis du Temple, sur la place de la porte des Eaux, ou encore sur la place de la porte d’Ephraïm[h]. 17 Toute la communauté des anciens déportés revenus de l’exil construisit des cabanes et se mit à les habiter. Les Israélites n’avaient plus célébré cette fête depuis le temps de Josué, fils de Noun. Ils se livrèrent à de grandes réjouissances à cette occasion.

18 Chaque jour, du premier jusqu’au dernier, Esdras lut une portion du livre de la Loi de Dieu. On célébra la fête pendant sept jours, et le huitième jour, conformément aux prescriptions de la Loi, il y eut une assemblée cultuelle.

Footnotes

  1. 8.2 8 octobre 445 av. J.-C. Ce jour de l’an de l’année civile devait être célébré par la fête des Trompettes (Lv 23.24). La fête des Cabanes avait lieu le même mois. Tous les sept ans, lors de cette fête, la Loi devait être lue au peuple (Dt 31.10-11).
  2. 8.8 Autre traduction : en traduisant.
  3. 8.10 Voir Dt 16.10-11, 14.
  4. 8.15 …septième mois. 15 Alors ils firent publier…: sens obtenu avec une légère correction du texte hébreu. Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : …septième mois, 15 et qu’on devait faire publier…
  5. 8.15 C’est-à-dire les parties boisées du pays, par opposition aux vallées cultivées.
  6. 8.15 Buisson odoriférant aux feuilles persistantes (Es 41.19 ; 55.13 ; Za 1.8, 10-11).
  7. 8.15 Voir Lv 23.33-43 ; Dt 16.13-15.
  8. 8.16 Porte du vieux rempart de la ville (voir 2 R 14.13), restaurée par Néhémie (12.39).

all the people came together as one in the square before the Water Gate.(A) They told Ezra the teacher of the Law to bring out the Book of the Law of Moses,(B) which the Lord had commanded for Israel.

So on the first day of the seventh month(C) Ezra the priest brought the Law(D) before the assembly, which was made up of men and women and all who were able to understand. He read it aloud from daybreak till noon as he faced the square before the Water Gate(E) in the presence of the men, women and others who could understand. And all the people listened attentively to the Book of the Law.

Ezra the teacher of the Law stood on a high wooden platform(F) built for the occasion. Beside him on his right stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah and Maaseiah; and on his left were Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam.

Ezra opened the book. All the people could see him because he was standing(G) above them; and as he opened it, the people all stood up. Ezra praised the Lord, the great God; and all the people lifted their hands(H) and responded, “Amen! Amen!” Then they bowed down and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground.

The Levites(I)—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan and Pelaiah—instructed(J) the people in the Law while the people were standing there. They read from the Book of the Law of God, making it clear[a] and giving the meaning so that the people understood what was being read.

Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and teacher of the Law, and the Levites(K) who were instructing the people said to them all, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.”(L) For all the people had been weeping as they listened to the words of the Law.

10 Nehemiah said, “Go and enjoy choice food and sweet drinks, and send some to those who have nothing(M) prepared. This day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy(N) of the Lord is your strength.”

11 The Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be still, for this is a holy day. Do not grieve.”

12 Then all the people went away to eat and drink, to send portions of food and to celebrate with great joy,(O) because they now understood the words that had been made known to them.

13 On the second day of the month, the heads of all the families, along with the priests and the Levites, gathered around Ezra the teacher to give attention to the words of the Law. 14 They found written in the Law, which the Lord had commanded through Moses, that the Israelites were to live in temporary shelters(P) during the festival of the seventh month 15 and that they should proclaim this word and spread it throughout their towns and in Jerusalem: “Go out into the hill country and bring back branches from olive and wild olive trees, and from myrtles, palms and shade trees, to make temporary shelters”—as it is written.[b]

16 So the people went out and brought back branches and built themselves temporary shelters on their own roofs, in their courtyards, in the courts of the house of God and in the square by the Water Gate(Q) and the one by the Gate of Ephraim.(R) 17 The whole company that had returned from exile built temporary shelters and lived in them.(S) From the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day, the Israelites had not celebrated(T) it like this. And their joy was very great.

18 Day after day, from the first day to the last, Ezra read(U) from the Book of the Law(V) of God. They celebrated the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, in accordance with the regulation,(W) there was an assembly.(X)

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 8:8 Or God, translating it
  2. Nehemiah 8:15 See Lev. 23:37-40.