Nehemia 13
Hoffnung für Alle
Nehemias Reformen (Kapitel 13)
Trennung von den Moabitern und Ammonitern
13 Zu jener Zeit las man dem Volk aus dem Gesetz von Mose vor. Dabei stieß man auf das Gebot, dass niemals Ammoniter oder Moabiter in das Volk Gottes aufgenommen werden dürfen. 2 Diese Völker hatten sich nämlich geweigert, den Israeliten auf ihrem Durchzug von Ägypten nach Kanaan etwas zu essen und zu trinken zu geben. Die Moabiter hatten sogar Bileam dafür bezahlt, dass er das Volk Israel verfluchte; doch unser Gott hatte den Fluch in Segen verwandelt. 3 Als nun die Israeliten dieses Gebot hörten, schlossen sie alle mit ausländischer Abstammung aus dem Volk aus.
Nehemia beseitigt Missstände im Tempel
4 Schon früher hatte der Priester Eljaschib, der Aufseher über die Vorratskammern des Tempels, seinem Verwandten Tobija 5 erlaubt, eine große Kammer im Tempel für sich zu benutzen. Vorher hatte man dort das Mehl für die Speiseopfer aufbewahrt, ebenso Weihrauch, die Gegenstände für den Tempeldienst und den zehnten Teil vom Getreide, vom neuen Wein und Olivenöl, der für die Leviten, Sänger und Torwächter bestimmt war. Auch der Anteil für die Priester war hier gelagert worden. 6 Zu dieser Zeit hielt ich mich nicht in Jerusalem auf, denn im 32. Regierungsjahr des persischen Königs Artaxerxes war ich an seinen Hof zurückgekehrt. Einige Zeit später bat ich den König, wieder nach Jerusalem gehen zu dürfen. 7 Kaum war ich dort angekommen, erfuhr ich von dem Missstand, dass Eljaschib seinem Verwandten Tobija eine Kammer im Vorhof des Tempels überlassen hatte. 8 Darüber war ich sehr erbost und ließ alles, was Tobija gehörte, hinauswerfen. 9 Dann befahl ich, die Räume des Tempels wieder neu zu weihen und die Gegenstände für den Tempeldienst, das Mehl für die Speiseopfer und den Weihrauch zurückzubringen.
10 Ich erfuhr auch, dass die Leviten und Sänger ihren Dienst im Tempel nicht mehr ausübten, sondern auf ihren Feldern arbeiteten, weil sie die Abgaben nicht bekamen, auf die sie Anspruch hatten. 11 Da stellte ich die zuständigen Männer zur Rede: »Warum wird der Tempeldienst so vernachlässigt?« Ich ließ die Leviten und Sänger zurückholen und teilte sie wieder zum Dienst ein. 12 Nun brachte auch das ganze Volk wieder den zehnten Teil von seinem Getreide, vom neuen Wein und vom Olivenöl in die Vorratskammern. 13 Die Aufsicht über die Vorräte übertrug ich dem Priester Schelemja, dem Schreiber Zadok und dem Leviten Pedaja. Hanan, der Sohn von Sakkur und Enkel von Mattanja, sollte ihnen dabei helfen. Sie alle galten als zuverlässige Männer. Deshalb sollten sie die Vorräte an die Priester und Leviten verteilen.
14 Denke an mich, mein Gott! Vergiss niemals, was ich für dein Haus und für den Tempeldienst getan habe!
Nehemia verschafft dem Sabbat wieder Geltung
15 Zu dieser Zeit sah ich in Juda einige, die am Sabbat in der Kelter Weintrauben auspressten. Andere fuhren Getreide vom Feld ein, beluden ihre Esel damit und brachten es zusammen mit Wein, Trauben, Feigen und anderen Lebensmitteln am Sabbat nach Jerusalem. Nachdrücklich warnte ich sie davor, ihre Waren zum Kauf anzubieten. 16 Es wohnten auch einige Tyrer in Jerusalem; selbst am Sabbat verkauften sie an die Judäer Fische und andere Waren, die sie nach Jerusalem gebracht hatten. 17 Da stellte ich die einflussreichen Männer von Juda zur Rede: »Warum ladet ihr solche Schuld auf euch und achtet den Sabbat nicht als Ruhetag? 18 Haben eure Vorfahren nicht genauso gehandelt? Darum hat unser Gott so viel Unheil über uns und unsere Stadt gebracht. Und jetzt fordert ihr erst recht seinen Zorn heraus, indem ihr den Sabbat missachtet!«
19 Ich ordnete an, die Tore von Jerusalem am Abend vor dem Sabbat zu schließen, sobald die Dämmerung hereinbrach, und sie erst wieder zu öffnen, wenn der Sabbat vorüber war. Einige meiner Männer stellte ich an den Toren auf; sie sollten darauf achten, dass am Sabbat keine Waren mehr nach Jerusalem gelangten. 20 Da blieben die Kaufleute und Händler mehrmals in der Nacht zum Sabbat vor der Stadt und boten dort ihre Waren an. 21 Ich warnte sie: »Warum schlagt ihr am Sabbat euer Lager vor der Stadtmauer auf? Geschieht das noch ein einziges Mal, lasse ich euch festnehmen!« Von da an kamen sie am Sabbat nicht wieder. 22 Den Leviten befahl ich, sich zu reinigen und die Stadttore zu bewachen, damit der Sabbat nicht wieder verletzt würde.
Denke daran, mein Gott, wie ich mich für dich eingesetzt habe! Hab Erbarmen mit mir, denn deine Gnade ist grenzenlos!
Verbot der Mischehen
23 Zu dieser Zeit fand ich auch heraus, dass viele jüdische Männer Frauen aus Aschdod, Ammon und Moab geheiratet hatten. 24 Die Hälfte ihrer Kinder redete in der Sprache von Aschdod oder in einer anderen fremden Sprache, doch Hebräisch konnten sie nicht. 25 Da redete ich den Männern ins Gewissen, ja, ich verfluchte sie sogar, schlug auf einige von ihnen ein und zerrte sie an den Haaren. Ich ließ sie vor Gott schwören, ihre Söhne und Töchter niemals mit Angehörigen fremder Völker zu verheiraten. 26 Ich sagte zu ihnen: »Salomo, der König von Israel, lud schwere Schuld auf sich wegen seiner heidnischen Frauen. Dabei gab es keinen so großen König wie ihn. Gott liebte ihn ganz besonders und ließ ihn Herrscher über ganz Israel werden. Doch sogar einen solchen König haben heidnische Frauen zum Götzendienst verführt! 27 Und nun begeht ihr genau dasselbe Unrecht und heiratet Frauen aus fremden Völkern! Damit habt ihr Gott die Treue gebrochen!«
28 Jojada, ein Sohn des Hohenpriesters Eljaschib, hatte einen Sohn, der mit einer Tochter des Horoniters Sanballat verheiratet war. Deshalb jagte ich ihn aus Jerusalem fort.
29 Vergiss nicht, mein Gott, wie diese Männer das Priesteramt in Verruf gebracht und den Bund verletzt haben, den du mit den Priestern und Leviten geschlossen hast!
30 So setzte ich mich dafür ein, dass unser Volk nicht mehr von heidnischen Völkern beeinflusst wurde. Ich gab den Priestern und Leviten Anordnungen für ihren Dienst und für ihre verschiedenen Aufgaben. 31 Auch sorgte ich dafür, dass die ersten Früchte der Ernte und das Brennholz für die Opfer rechtzeitig abgegeben wurden.
Denke an mich, mein Gott! Lass mich deine Güte erfahren!
Nehemiah 13
English Standard Version
Nehemiah's Final Reforms
13 On that day (A)they read from the Book of Moses in the hearing of the people. And in it was found written (B)that no Ammonite or Moabite should ever enter the assembly of God, 2 for they did not meet the people of Israel with bread and water, but hired Balaam against them to curse them—yet our God turned the curse into a blessing. 3 As soon as the people heard the law, (C)they separated from Israel all (D)those of foreign descent.
4 Now before this, (E)Eliashib the priest, who (F)was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, and who was related to (G)Tobiah, 5 prepared for Tobiah a large chamber where they had previously put the grain offering, the frankincense, the vessels, and the tithes of grain, wine, and oil, (H)which were given by commandment to the Levites, singers, and gatekeepers, and the contributions for the priests. 6 While this was taking place, I was not in Jerusalem, for (I)in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes (J)king of Babylon I went to the king. And after some time I asked leave of the king 7 and came to Jerusalem, and I then discovered the evil that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, (K)preparing for him a chamber in the courts of the house of God. 8 And I was very angry, and I threw all the household furniture of Tobiah out of the chamber. 9 Then I gave orders, and they (L)cleansed the chambers, and I brought back there the vessels of the house of God, with the grain offering and the frankincense.
10 I also found out that (M)the portions of the Levites had not been given to them, so that the Levites and the singers, who did the work, had fled each (N)to his field. 11 (O)So I confronted the officials and said, (P)“Why is the house of God forsaken?” And I gathered them together and set them in their stations. 12 Then all Judah brought (Q)the tithe of the grain, wine, and oil into the storehouses. 13 And (R)I appointed as treasurers over the storehouses Shelemiah the priest, Zadok the scribe, and Pedaiah of the Levites, and as their assistant Hanan the son of Zaccur, son of Mattaniah, (S)for they were considered reliable, and their duty was to distribute to their brothers. 14 (T)Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and do not wipe out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God and for his service.
15 In those days I saw in Judah people treading winepresses (U)on the Sabbath, and bringing in heaps of grain and loading them on donkeys, and also wine, grapes, figs, and all kinds of loads, (V)which they brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. And (W)I warned them on the day when they sold food. 16 Tyrians also, who lived in the city, brought in fish and all kinds of goods and sold them on the Sabbath to the people of Judah, in Jerusalem itself! 17 (X)Then I confronted the nobles of Judah and said to them, “What is this evil thing that you are doing, (Y)profaning the Sabbath day? 18 (Z)Did not your fathers act in this way, and did not our God bring all this disaster[a] on us and on this city? Now you are bringing more wrath on Israel by profaning the Sabbath.”
19 As soon as it (AA)began to grow dark at the gates of Jerusalem before the Sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut and gave orders that they should not be opened until after the Sabbath. And I stationed some of my servants at the gates, that no load might be brought in on the Sabbath day. 20 Then the merchants and sellers of all kinds of wares lodged outside Jerusalem once or twice. 21 (AB)But I warned them and said to them, “Why do you lodge outside the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands on you.” From that time on they did not come on the Sabbath. 22 Then I commanded the Levites (AC)that they should purify themselves and come and guard the gates, to keep the Sabbath day holy. (AD)Remember this also in my favor, O my God, and spare me according to the greatness of your steadfast love.
23 In those days also I saw the Jews (AE)who had married women (AF)of Ashdod, (AG)Ammon, and (AH)Moab. 24 And half of their children spoke the language of Ashdod, and they could not speak the language of Judah, but only the language of each people. 25 (AI)And I confronted them and cursed them and beat some of them and pulled out their hair. (AJ)And I made them take an oath in the name of God, saying, “You shall not give your daughters to their sons, or take their daughters for your sons or for yourselves. 26 (AK)Did not Solomon king of Israel sin on account of such women? (AL)Among the many nations there was no king like him, and he was (AM)beloved by his God, and God made him king over all Israel. Nevertheless, foreign women made even him to sin. 27 Shall we then listen to you and do all this great evil and (AN)act treacherously against our God by marrying foreign women?”
28 And one of the sons of (AO)Jehoiada, the son of (AP)Eliashib the high priest, was the son-in-law of (AQ)Sanballat the Horonite. Therefore I chased him from me. 29 (AR)Remember them, O my God, because they have desecrated the priesthood (AS)and the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites.
30 (AT)Thus I cleansed them from everything foreign, and I established the duties of the priests and Levites, each in his work; 31 and I provided (AU)for the wood offering (AV)at appointed times, and for the firstfruits.
(AW)Remember me, O my God, for good.
Footnotes
- Nehemiah 13:18 The Hebrew word can mean evil, harm, or disaster, depending on the context
Nehemiah 13
New International Version
Nehemiah’s Final Reforms
13 On that day the Book of Moses was read aloud in the hearing of the people and there it was found written that no Ammonite or Moabite should ever be admitted into the assembly of God,(A) 2 because they had not met the Israelites with food and water but had hired Balaam(B) to call a curse down on them.(C) (Our God, however, turned the curse into a blessing.)(D) 3 When the people heard this law, they excluded from Israel all who were of foreign descent.(E)
4 Before this, Eliashib the priest had been put in charge of the storerooms(F) of the house of our God. He was closely associated with Tobiah,(G) 5 and he had provided him with a large room formerly used to store the grain offerings and incense and temple articles, and also the tithes(H) of grain, new wine and olive oil prescribed for the Levites, musicians and gatekeepers, as well as the contributions for the priests.
6 But while all this was going on, I was not in Jerusalem, for in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes(I) king of Babylon I had returned to the king. Some time later I asked his permission 7 and came back to Jerusalem. Here I learned about the evil thing Eliashib(J) had done in providing Tobiah(K) a room in the courts of the house of God. 8 I was greatly displeased and threw all Tobiah’s household goods out of the room.(L) 9 I gave orders to purify the rooms,(M) and then I put back into them the equipment of the house of God, with the grain offerings and the incense.(N)
10 I also learned that the portions assigned to the Levites had not been given to them,(O) and that all the Levites and musicians responsible for the service had gone back to their own fields.(P) 11 So I rebuked the officials and asked them, “Why is the house of God neglected?”(Q) Then I called them together and stationed them at their posts.
12 All Judah brought the tithes(R) of grain, new wine and olive oil into the storerooms.(S) 13 I put Shelemiah the priest, Zadok the scribe, and a Levite named Pedaiah in charge of the storerooms and made Hanan son of Zakkur, the son of Mattaniah, their assistant, because they were considered trustworthy. They were made responsible for distributing the supplies to their fellow Levites.(T)
14 Remember(U) me for this, my God, and do not blot out what I have so faithfully done for the house of my God and its services.
15 In those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, together with wine, grapes, figs and all other kinds of loads. And they were bringing all this into Jerusalem on the Sabbath.(V) Therefore I warned them against selling food on that day. 16 People from Tyre who lived in Jerusalem were bringing in fish and all kinds of merchandise and selling them in Jerusalem on the Sabbath(W) to the people of Judah. 17 I rebuked the nobles of Judah and said to them, “What is this wicked thing you are doing—desecrating the Sabbath day? 18 Didn’t your ancestors do the same things, so that our God brought all this calamity on us and on this city?(X) Now you are stirring up more wrath against Israel by desecrating the Sabbath.”(Y)
19 When evening shadows fell on the gates of Jerusalem before the Sabbath,(Z) I ordered the doors to be shut and not opened until the Sabbath was over. I stationed some of my own men at the gates so that no load could be brought in on the Sabbath day. 20 Once or twice the merchants and sellers of all kinds of goods spent the night outside Jerusalem. 21 But I warned them and said, “Why do you spend the night by the wall? If you do this again, I will arrest you.” From that time on they no longer came on the Sabbath. 22 Then I commanded the Levites to purify themselves and go and guard the gates in order to keep the Sabbath day holy.
Remember(AA) me for this also, my God, and show mercy to me according to your great love.
23 Moreover, in those days I saw men of Judah who had married(AB) women from Ashdod, Ammon and Moab.(AC) 24 Half of their children spoke the language of Ashdod or the language of one of the other peoples, and did not know how to speak the language(AD) of Judah. 25 I rebuked them and called curses down on them. I beat some of the men and pulled out their hair. I made them take an oath(AE) in God’s name and said: “You are not to give your daughters in marriage to their sons, nor are you to take their daughters in marriage for your sons or for yourselves.(AF) 26 Was it not because of marriages like these that Solomon king of Israel sinned? Among the many nations there was no king like him.(AG) He was loved by his God,(AH) and God made him king over all Israel, but even he was led into sin by foreign women.(AI) 27 Must we hear now that you too are doing all this terrible wickedness and are being unfaithful to our God by marrying(AJ) foreign women?”
28 One of the sons of Joiada son of Eliashib(AK) the high priest was son-in-law to Sanballat(AL) the Horonite. And I drove him away from me.
29 Remember(AM) them, my God, because they defiled the priestly office and the covenant of the priesthood and of the Levites.(AN)
30 So I purified the priests and the Levites of everything foreign,(AO) and assigned them duties, each to his own task. 31 I also made provision for contributions of wood(AP) at designated times, and for the firstfruits.(AQ)
Remember(AR) me with favor, my God.
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