Print Page Options

And there was a great outcry of HaAm and of their nashim against their achim the Yehudim.

For there were that said, We, our banim, and our banot, are rabbim (many); therefore we must get dagan (grain) for them, that we may eat, and live.

Some also there were that said, We have mortgaged our sadot (fields), kramim (vineyards), and batim (houses), that we might buy dagan, because of the ra’av (famine).

There were also that said, We have borrowed kesef for the tax of HaMelech, and that upon our sadot and kramim.

Yet now our basar is the same as the basar of acheinu (our brethren, countrymen), our banot as their banot; and, hinei, we bring into the bondage of slavery our banim and our banot, and some of our banot are brought unto bondage already, neither is it in our power to redeem them, for other men have our sadot and kramim.

And I was very angry when I heard their outcry and these devarim.

Then I consulted my own thoughts, and I rebuked the Nobles [see 3:5], and the officials, and said unto them, Ye exact massa (usury, i.e., seizing what is pledged against debts, whether people, land, or property), every one from his brother. And I called a kehillah gedolah against them.

And I said unto them, We as far as we have ability have redeemed acheinu (bought back our brethren) the Yehudim, which were sold unto the Goyim; and will ye even sell your brethren? Or shall they be sold back unto us? Then they were speechless, and found nothing to answer.

Also I said, It is not tov this thing ye are doing. Ought ye not to walk in the fear of Eloheinu and end the derision of the Goyim oyveinu (our enemies)?

10 I likewise, and my brethren, and my men, have allowed them to borrow kesef and dagan; let us stop now this massa (burden of debt).

11 Restore, now, to them, even today, their sadot, their kramim, their zayit groves, and their batim (houses), also the usury of the hundredth part of the kesef, and of the dagan, the tirosh (new wine), and the yitzhar (olive oil), that ye exact of them.

12 Then said they, We will restore them, and will require nothing of them; so will we do as thou sayest. Then I summoned the Kohanim, and took an oath of them, that they should do according to this promise.

13 Also I shook out the fold of my robe, and said, So may HaElohim shake out every man from his bais, and from that which belongs to him, that keepeth not this promise, even thus be he shaken out, and emptied. And Kol HaKahal said, Omein, and praised Hashem. And HaAm did according to this promise.

14 Moreover, from the yom that I was appointed to be their governor in Eretz Yehudah, from the twentieth year even unto the two and thirtieth year of Artachshasta HaMelech, that is, twelve shanim, I and my brethren have not eaten the Lechem HaPechah (Allowance of the Governor).

15 But the former governors that had been before me placed a heavy burden on HaAm, and had taken of them lechem and yayin, in addition to the forty shekels of kesef; yea, even their assistants domineered HaAm; but so did not I, because of yirat Elohim.

16 But instead I continued in the melekhet HaChomah (work of this Wall), neither acquired we any sadeh; and all my men were gathered there unto the melachah (work).

17 Moreover there were at my shulchan a hundred and fifty of the Yehudim and officials, besides those that came unto us from among the Goyim around us.

18 Now that which was prepared daily was one shor (ox) and six choice sheep; also poultry were prepared at my expense, and every ten days skins of yayin in quantity of all kinds; yet for all this required not I the Lechem HaPechah, because the avodah was heavy upon this people.

19 Remember me, Elohai, for tovah, according to all that I have done for this people.

Each Usury Is Forsaken

Then (A)there was a great outcry of the people and of their wives against their (B)Jewish brothers. Now there were those who were saying, “We, with our sons and our daughters, are many; therefore let us (C)get grain that we may eat and live.” There were others who were saying, “We are mortgaging our fields, our vineyards, and our houses, that we might get grain because of the famine.” Also there were those who were saying, “We have borrowed money (D)for the king’s tax on our fields and our vineyards. But now (E)our flesh is like the flesh of our brothers, our children like their children. Yet behold, (F)we are forcing our sons and our daughters to be slaves, and some of our daughters are forced into subjugation, and we have no power in our hands to help, and our fields and vineyards belong to others.”

Then I was very (G)angry when I had heard their outcry and these words. I consulted within my own heart and contended with the nobles and the officials and said to them, “(H)You are exacting usury, each from his brother!” Therefore, I held a great assembly against them. I said to them, “We, according to our ability, (I)have bought back our Jewish brothers who were sold to the nations; and now would you also sell your brothers that they may be sold to us?” Then they were silent and could not find a word to say. And I said, “The thing which you are doing is not good; should you not walk in the fear of our God because of (J)the reproach of the nations, our enemies? 10 And likewise I, my brothers, and my young men are lending them money and grain. Please, let us forsake this usury. 11 Please, give back to them this very day their fields, their vineyards, their olive groves and their houses, also the hundredth part of the money and of the grain, the new wine and the oil that you are exacting from them.” 12 Then they said, “We (K)will give it back and (L)will require nothing from them; we will do exactly as you are saying.” So I called the priests and (M)made them swear that they would do according to this word. 13 I (N)also shook out the [a]front of my garment and said, “Thus may God shake out every man from his house and from his possessions who does not establish this word; even thus may he be shaken out and emptied.” And (O)all the assembly said, “Amen!” And they praised Yahweh. Then the people did according to this word.

Nehemiah as Governor

14 Moreover, from the day that I was put in command to be their governor in the land of Judah, from (P)the twentieth year to the (Q)thirty-second year of King Artaxerxes, for twelve years, neither I nor my [b]relatives have eaten the governor’s food allowance. 15 But the former governors who were before me [c]laid heavy burdens on the people and took from them bread and wine besides forty [d]shekels of silver; even their young men exerted their power over the people. But I did not do so (R)because of the fear of God. 16 I also took hold of the work on this wall; we did not buy any land, and all my young men were gathered there for the work. 17 Moreover, (S)there were at my table 150 Jews and officials, besides those who came to us from the nations that were around us. 18 Now (T)that which was prepared for each day was one ox and six choice sheep, also birds were prepared for me; and once in ten days all sorts of wine were furnished in abundance. Yet for all this (U)I did not require the governor’s food allowance, because the slavery was heavy on this people. 19 (V)Remember me, O my God, for good, according to all that I have done for this people.

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 5:13 Lit bosom
  2. Nehemiah 5:14 Lit brothers
  3. Nehemiah 5:15 Lit made heavy
  4. Nehemiah 5:15 A shekel was approx. 0.4 oz. or 11 gm

Nehemiah Helps the Poor

Now the men and their wives raised a great outcry against their fellow Jews. Some were saying, “We and our sons and daughters are numerous; in order for us to eat and stay alive, we must get grain.”

Others were saying, “We are mortgaging our fields,(A) our vineyards and our homes to get grain during the famine.”(B)

Still others were saying, “We have had to borrow money to pay the king’s tax(C) on our fields and vineyards. Although we are of the same flesh and blood(D) as our fellow Jews and though our children are as good as theirs, yet we have to subject our sons and daughters to slavery.(E) Some of our daughters have already been enslaved, but we are powerless, because our fields and our vineyards belong to others.”(F)

When I heard their outcry and these charges, I was very angry. I pondered them in my mind and then accused the nobles and officials. I told them, “You are charging your own people interest!”(G) So I called together a large meeting to deal with them and said: “As far as possible, we have bought(H) back our fellow Jews who were sold to the Gentiles. Now you are selling your own people, only for them to be sold back to us!” They kept quiet, because they could find nothing to say.(I)

So I continued, “What you are doing is not right. Shouldn’t you walk in the fear of our God to avoid the reproach(J) of our Gentile enemies? 10 I and my brothers and my men are also lending the people money and grain. But let us stop charging interest!(K) 11 Give back to them immediately their fields, vineyards, olive groves and houses, and also the interest(L) you are charging them—one percent of the money, grain, new wine and olive oil.”

12 “We will give it back,” they said. “And we will not demand anything more from them. We will do as you say.”

Then I summoned the priests and made the nobles and officials take an oath(M) to do what they had promised. 13 I also shook(N) out the folds of my robe and said, “In this way may God shake out of their house and possessions anyone who does not keep this promise. So may such a person be shaken out and emptied!”

At this the whole assembly said, “Amen,”(O) and praised the Lord. And the people did as they had promised.

14 Moreover, from the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes,(P) when I was appointed to be their governor(Q) in the land of Judah, until his thirty-second year—twelve years—neither I nor my brothers ate the food allotted to the governor. 15 But the earlier governors—those preceding me—placed a heavy burden on the people and took forty shekels[a] of silver from them in addition to food and wine. Their assistants also lorded it over the people. But out of reverence for God(R) I did not act like that. 16 Instead,(S) I devoted myself to the work on this wall. All my men were assembled there for the work; we[b] did not acquire any land.

17 Furthermore, a hundred and fifty Jews and officials ate at my table, as well as those who came to us from the surrounding nations. 18 Each day one ox, six choice sheep and some poultry(T) were prepared for me, and every ten days an abundant supply of wine of all kinds. In spite of all this, I never demanded the food allotted to the governor, because the demands were heavy on these people.

19 Remember(U) me with favor, my God, for all I have done for these people.

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 5:15 That is, about 1 pound or about 460 grams
  2. Nehemiah 5:16 Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint, Vulgate and Syriac I

Néhémie règle le problème des injustices sociales

A cette époque, des hommes du peuple et leurs femmes se plaignirent vivement de certains de leurs compatriotes juifs. Certains disaient : Nous avons beaucoup de fils et de filles, nous voudrions recevoir du blé pour manger et survivre.

D’autres déclaraient : Nous sommes obligés de donner nos champs, nos vignes et même nos maisons en gage pour nous procurer du blé lorsqu’il y a une famine.

D’autres encore se plaignaient : Nous devons emprunter de l’argent en hypothéquant nos champs et nos vignes pour payer l’impôt impérial. Et pourtant, nous sommes bien de la même race que nos compatriotes : nos enfants ne sont pas différents des leurs ; et voici que nous en sommes réduits à vendre nos fils et nos filles comme esclaves : certaines de nos filles ont déjà été réduites à l’esclavage et nous sommes impuissants à les défendre, car déjà nos champs et nos vignes appartiennent à d’autres.

Lorsque j’entendis leurs plaintes et toutes ces réclamations, je fus saisi d’une violente colère et je pris la décision d’adresser de vifs reproches aux notables et aux chefs du peuple. Je leur dis : Quand vous prêtez de l’argent à vos compatriotes, vous leur demandez des intérêts[a] !

Je convoquai une grande assemblée pour traiter leur cas. Je leur déclarai : Dans la mesure de nos moyens, nous avons racheté nos compatriotes juifs vendus comme esclaves à des étrangers[b]. Et maintenant vous vendez vous-mêmes vos compatriotes, et cela à des gens de notre peuple.

Ils ne trouvèrent rien à répondre et gardèrent le silence. J’ajoutai : Ce que vous faites là n’est pas bien. Ne devriez-vous pas vivre comme des gens qui craignent notre Dieu pour ne pas donner à nos ennemis des autres peuples, l’occasion de nous couvrir de honte ? 10 Moi aussi, mes proches et mes collaborateurs, nous leur avons prêté de l’argent et du blé. Remettons-leur donc cette dette ! 11 Rendez-leur aujourd’hui même leurs champs, leurs vignes, leurs oliviers et leurs maisons, et remettez-leur la part de l’argent, du blé, du vin et de l’huile que vous avez exigée d’eux comme intérêt.

12 Ils répondirent : Nous ferons ce que tu demandes, nous rendrons ce que nous avons pris et nous n’exigerons rien d’eux.

Alors j’appelai les prêtres devant lesquels je fis prêter serment à ces gens d’agir comme ils l’avaient dit. 13 Puis je secouai les pans de mon vêtement en déclarant : Que Dieu secoue de cette manière loin de sa maison et de ses biens celui qui n’aura pas tenu cette promesse et qu’ainsi il soit secoué et laissé sans rien !

Toute l’assemblée répondit : Amen ! et loua l’Eternel. Et le peuple se conforma à la décision prise.

14 Depuis le jour où j’avais été nommé gouverneur du district de Juda, c’est-à-dire depuis la vingtième année jusqu’à la trente-deuxième année du règne d’Artaxerxès, soit pendant douze ans, ni moi ni mes proches nous n’avons vécu des revenus dus au gouverneur[c]. 15 Mes prédécesseurs dans cette charge avaient pressuré le peuple, exigeant qu’on leur remette chaque jour, outre le pain et le vin, quarante pièces d’argent.

Même leurs fonctionnaires exerçaient leur domination sur le peuple. Pour moi, je n’ai jamais agi de la sorte, car je craignais Dieu. 16 Au contraire, j’ai travaillé personnellement à la réparation de la muraille et mes collaborateurs se sont aussi mis à l’œuvre, et nous n’avons jamais acheté de terres. 17 D’autre part, j’ai reçu régulièrement à ma table cent cinquante chefs juifs, sans compter ceux qui venaient vers nous des peuples des régions environnantes. 18 Chaque jour, on apprêtait pour cela un taureau, six moutons de choix et des volailles, et tous les dix jours, on me livrait de grandes quantités de vin. Malgré cela, je n’ai pas demandé les revenus alloués au gouverneur car je savais que les travaux pesaient lourdement sur le peuple.

19 Tiens compte de moi, ô mon Dieu, et accorde-moi ta bienveillance à cause de tout ce que j’ai fait pour ce peuple !

Footnotes

  1. 5.7 Voir Ex 22.24-26 ; Lv 25.36 ; Dt 23.20.
  2. 5.8 A Babylone, les Juifs fortunés rachetèrent aux païens ceux de leurs compatriotes qui avaient dû se vendre comme esclaves (ne pouvant pas rembourser leurs dettes) afin qu’ils puissent retourner au pays d’Israël (voir Lv 25.47-48).
  3. 5.14 De 445 à 433 av. J.-C.

窮人的呼喊

那時,民眾和他們的妻子大聲呼冤,控告自己的同胞猶大人。 有些人說:“我們和兒女人口眾多,給我們五穀餬口,可以存活。” 有些人說:“我們抵押了自己的田地、葡萄園和房屋,為要在饑荒中買到五穀。” 有些人說:“我們為了要借錢向王納稅,只好抵押了我們的田地和葡萄園。 雖然我們的身體與我們同胞的身體一樣,我們的兒女與他們的兒女也相同,可是我們卻要強迫自己的兒女去作僕婢,而且我們的女兒有些已經作了奴婢,我們卻無能為力,因為我們的田地和葡萄園已經屬於別人了。”

尼希米怒斥官長與領袖

我聽見他們的哀叫和所講的這些事,就十分忿怒。 我心中籌算一番以後,就譴責貴族和官長,對他們說:“你們各人向自己的同胞貸款,竟然索取高利!”於是我召開大會攻擊他們。 我對他們說:“我們已盡了我們的能力,把那些賣了給外族人的同胞猶大人買贖回來,而你們還想要出賣你們的同胞,好讓我們再把他們買回來嗎?”他們都默不作聲,無話可說。 我又說:“你們這事作得不對。你們豈不應懷著敬畏我們 神的心行事為人,免遭我們的仇敵外族人的毀謗嗎? 10 現在我和我的兄弟,以及我的僕人要把銀錢和五穀借給他們。讓我們大家都放棄放債取利吧! 11 請你們今天就把他們的田地、葡萄園、橄欖園、房屋,以及你們向他們索取的利息:百分之一的利錢、五穀、新酒和新油,都歸還給他們。” 12 他們就說:“我們必定歸還,不再向他們要求利息了,你怎麼說,我們願意照著你說的去行。”我就把祭司們召了來,叫眾人起誓必照著這話去行。 13 我抖著胸前的衣襟說:“不履行這話的,願 神也是這樣抖他離開他的家和產業,直到抖空。”全體會眾都說:“阿們!”又讚美耶和華。眾人都照著這話去行。

尼希米清廉樸實

14 自從我奉命在猶大地作他們省長的日子以來,就是從亞達薛西王二十年,直到三十二年,共十二年,我和我的兄弟都沒有吃過省長的俸祿。 15 在我們以先的前任省長,重壓人民,每日都向他們索取糧食和酒,以及四百五十六克銀子。連他們的僕人也轄制人民,但我因為敬畏 神,就不這樣行。 16 我堅持只重修城牆的工程;所以我們不購置田產,我所有的僕人也都聚集在那裡工作。 17 在我桌上吃飯的,有一百五十個猶大人和官長,還有那些從我們四圍外族來到我們這裡的人; 18 每天預備牛一頭、肥羊六隻,又為我預備一些飛禽;每十天供應大量各類的酒。雖然這樣,我仍然沒有索取省長的俸祿,因為這些人服役已經負擔沉重。 19 “我的 神啊,求你記念我,記念我為這人民所作的一切事,施恩給我。”