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As cidades dos levitas

35 O SENHOR falou a Moisés nas planícies de Moabe, junto ao Jordão, em frente da cidade de Jericó:

—Ordene aos israelitas que do território que receberem deverão dar aos levitas cidades onde possam viver, e também os campos de pastagens ao redor dessas cidades. Nessas cidades habitarão os levitas e os campos de pastagens serão para seu gado e todos os seus animais. Os campos de pastagens dessas cidades que devem dar aos levitas se estenderão ao redor da cidade, 450 metros[a] para fora da muralha. Meçam a partir dos limites da cidade 900 metros em direção ao leste, 900 metros em direção ao sul, 900 metros em direção ao oeste e 900 metros em direção ao norte, com a cidade no centro. Essas serão as terras de pastagens para as suas cidades.

—Das cidades que vocês deem aos levitas, seis irão servir de refúgio para quem, sem querer, matar a uma pessoa. Além destas serão dadas outras quarenta e duas cidades, ou seja, ao todo serão dadas aos levitas quarenta e oito cidades com os seus campos de pastagens. A maioria das cidades serão cedidas pelas tribos grandes; as tribos pequenas cederão poucas cidades. Cada tribo dará algumas das suas cidades aos levitas, de acordo com a quantidade de território que receberam.

As cidades de refúgio

O SENHOR disse a Moisés:

10 —Diga aos israelitas que quando atravessarem o rio Jordão para chegar a Canaã, 11 deverão escolher cidades de refúgio para onde possa fugir quem matar uma pessoa sem querer. 12 Nessas cidades se refugiarão para se proteger do parente do morto[b] que tenha o dever de castigar o assassino. Assim não será morto o assassino sem que se faça primeiro um julgamento diante da comunidade. 13 Das cidades entregues, seis serão cidades de refúgio. 14 Três dessas cidades deverão estar ao leste do rio Jordão e as outras três, na terra de Canaã. 15 Essas seis cidades serão para refúgio dos israelitas e dos imigrantes que vivem entre vocês. Todo aquele que sem querer matar uma pessoa, deverá ir para lá.

16 —Se alguém bater em outra pessoa com um objeto de ferro e quem receber o golpe morrer, isso é um assassinato, e o assassino deverá ser condenado à morte. 17 Se alguém bater em outra pessoa com uma pedra que possa causar a morte e quem receber o golpe morrer, se trata de um assassinato, e o assassino deverá ser condenado à morte. 18 Se alguém bater em outra pessoa com um objeto de madeira que possa causar a morte e quem receber o golpe morrer, se trata de um assassinato, e o assassino deverá ser condenado à morte. 19 Um parente do morto deverá matar o assassino quando o encontrar.

20 —Mas pode acontecer de alguém empurrar outra pessoa num ato de ódio, ou lançar a ele alguma coisa de propósito para que morra, 21 ou bater nele com as suas mãos num ato de ódio com intenção de matá-lo. Se a pessoa morrer, o responsável deverá morrer porque é um assassino. Um parente do morto deverá matar o assassino quando o encontrar.

22 —Mas também pode acontecer que o responsável o fez sem saber e sem ódio, ou o empurrou ou lançou contra ele um objeto sem má intenção, 23 ou sem prestar atenção deixou cair uma pedra que poderia causar a morte. Se a pessoa morrer e o responsável não era seu inimigo, nem tinha a intenção de fazer mal, 24 então, àquele que causou a morte, a comunidade o protegerá da vingança do parente do morto. 25 Será enviado de volta à cidade de refúgio para onde ele escapou e viverá ali até que morra o sumo sacerdote, que foi ungido com o azeite de consagrar.

26 —Se o assassino deixar os limites da cidade de refúgio 27 e o parente do morto o encontrar fora desses limites, então poderá matar o assassino e não será culpado de assassinato. 28 O assassino terá que permanecer na cidade de refúgio até a morte do sumo sacerdote, depois da qual poderá voltar a sua terra. 29 Esse será o procedimento legal que vocês continuarão de agora em diante, de geração em geração, onde quer que vivam.

30 —Um assassino só poderá ser condenado à morte com base no testemunho de várias testemunhas. Ninguém poderá ser morto pelo testemunho de uma só testemunha.

31 —Vocês não devem aceitar nenhum pagamento em troca da vida de um assassino que seja condenado à morte. Deverá ser morto.

32 —Quando alguém fugir para uma cidade de refúgio, terá que viver ali até a morte do sumo sacerdote. Não se aceitará nenhum pagamento para que possa voltar a sua terra antes da morte do sumo sacerdote.

33 —Não corrompam com assassinatos a terra onde moram porque o assassinato contamina o território em que habitam. O único pagamento por um assassinato é a morte do assassino. 34 Não contaminarão o território no qual moram porque é a terra onde moro. Eu, o SENHOR, habito entre os israelitas.

Footnotes

  1. 35.4 450 metros Literalmente, “1.000 côvados”. Ver tabela de pesos e medidas.
  2. 35.12 parente do morto Naquele tempo, quando alguém cometia um assassinato, o parente mais próximo da vítima, “o redentor” ou “justiceiro”, era encarregado de executar justiça, matando também o assassino. Ver Êx 21.12; Dt 19.6.

Towns for the Levites

35 On the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho,(A) the Lord said to Moses, “Command the Israelites to give the Levites towns to live in(B) from the inheritance the Israelites will possess. And give them pasturelands(C) around the towns. Then they will have towns to live in and pasturelands for the cattle they own and all their other animals.(D)

“The pasturelands around the towns that you give the Levites will extend a thousand cubits[a] from the town wall. Outside the town, measure two thousand cubits[b](E) on the east side, two thousand on the south side, two thousand on the west and two thousand on the north, with the town in the center. They will have this area as pastureland for the towns.(F)

Cities of Refuge(G)

“Six of the towns you give the Levites will be cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone may flee.(H) In addition, give them forty-two other towns. In all you must give the Levites forty-eight towns, together with their pasturelands. The towns you give the Levites from the land the Israelites possess are to be given in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: Take many towns from a tribe that has many, but few from one that has few.”(I)

Then the Lord said to Moses: 10 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you cross the Jordan into Canaan,(J) 11 select some towns to be your cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone(K) accidentally(L) may flee. 12 They will be places of refuge from the avenger,(M) so that anyone accused of murder(N) may not die before they stand trial before the assembly.(O) 13 These six towns you give will be your cities of refuge.(P) 14 Give three on this side of the Jordan and three in Canaan as cities of refuge. 15 These six towns will be a place of refuge for Israelites and for foreigners residing among them, so that anyone who has killed another accidentally can flee there.

16 “‘If anyone strikes someone a fatal blow with an iron object, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death.(Q) 17 Or if anyone is holding a stone and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 18 Or if anyone is holding a wooden object and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood(R) shall put the murderer to death; when the avenger comes upon the murderer, the avenger shall put the murderer to death.(S) 20 If anyone with malice aforethought shoves another or throws something at them intentionally(T) so that they die 21 or if out of enmity one person hits another with their fist so that the other dies, that person is to be put to death;(U) that person is a murderer. The avenger of blood(V) shall put the murderer to death when they meet.

22 “‘But if without enmity someone suddenly pushes another or throws something at them unintentionally(W) 23 or, without seeing them, drops on them a stone heavy enough to kill them, and they die, then since that other person was not an enemy and no harm was intended, 24 the assembly(X) must judge between the accused and the avenger of blood according to these regulations. 25 The assembly must protect the one accused of murder from the avenger of blood and send the accused back to the city of refuge to which they fled. The accused must stay there until the death of the high priest,(Y) who was anointed(Z) with the holy oil.(AA)

26 “‘But if the accused ever goes outside the limits of the city of refuge to which they fled 27 and the avenger of blood finds them outside the city, the avenger of blood may kill the accused without being guilty of murder. 28 The accused must stay in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest; only after the death of the high priest may they return to their own property.

29 “‘This is to have the force of law(AB) for you throughout the generations to come,(AC) wherever you live.(AD)

30 “‘Anyone who kills a person is to be put to death as a murderer only on the testimony of witnesses. But no one is to be put to death on the testimony of only one witness.(AE)

31 “‘Do not accept a ransom(AF) for the life of a murderer, who deserves to die. They are to be put to death.

32 “‘Do not accept a ransom for anyone who has fled to a city of refuge and so allow them to go back and live on their own land before the death of the high priest.

33 “‘Do not pollute the land where you are. Bloodshed pollutes the land,(AG) and atonement cannot be made for the land on which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 Do not defile the land(AH) where you live and where I dwell,(AI) for I, the Lord, dwell among the Israelites.’”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 That is, about 1,500 feet or about 450 meters
  2. Numbers 35:5 That is, about 3,000 feet or about 900 meters

35 And the Lord spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying,

Command the children of Israel, that they give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and ye shall give also unto the Levites suburbs for the cities round about them.

And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts.

And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about.

And ye shall measure from without the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.

And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty and two cities.

So all the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with their suburbs.

And the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of the children of Israel: from them that have many ye shall give many; but from them that have few ye shall give few: every one shall give of his cities unto the Levites according to his inheritance which he inheriteth.

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan;

11 Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares.

12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment.

13 And of these cities which ye shall give six cities shall ye have for refuge.

14 Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge.

15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither.

16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.

20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die;

21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him.

22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait,

23 Or with any stone, wherewith a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, that he die, and was not his enemy, neither sought his harm:

24 Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer and the revenger of blood according to these judgments:

25 And the congregation shall deliver the slayer out of the hand of the revenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the high priest, which was anointed with the holy oil.

26 But if the slayer shall at any time come without the border of the city of his refuge, whither he was fled;

27 And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood:

28 Because he should have remained in the city of his refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest the slayer shall return into the land of his possession.

29 So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.

31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death.

32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest.

33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.

34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel.

Cities for the Levites

35 The Lord spoke to Moses in (A)the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying, (B)“Command the people of Israel to give to the Levites some of the inheritance of their possession as cities for them to dwell in. And you shall give to the Levites pasturelands around the cities. The cities shall be theirs to dwell in, and their pasturelands shall be for their cattle and for their livestock and for all their beasts. The pasturelands of the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits[a] all around. And you shall measure, outside the city, on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the middle. This shall belong to them as pastureland for their cities.

“The cities that you give to the Levites shall be (C)the six cities of refuge, where you shall permit the manslayer to flee, and in addition to them you shall give forty-two cities. All the cities that you give to the Levites shall be (D)forty-eight, with their pasturelands. And as for the cities that you shall give (E)from the possession of the people of Israel, (F)from the larger tribes you shall take many, and from the smaller tribes you shall take few; each, in proportion to the inheritance that it inherits, shall give of its cities to the Levites.”

Cities of Refuge

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, (G)When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 (H)then you shall select cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person without intent may flee there. 12 The cities shall be for you a refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before the congregation for judgment. 13 And the cities that you give shall be your (I)six cities of refuge. 14 (J)You shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and three cities in the land of Canaan, to be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be for refuge for the people of Israel, and (K)for the stranger and for the sojourner among them, that anyone who kills any person without intent may flee there.

16 (L)“But if he struck him down with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 17 And if he struck him down with a stone tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 18 Or if he struck him down with a wooden tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 19 (M)The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. 20 And if he pushed him out of hatred or hurled something at him, (N)lying in wait, so that he died, 21 or in enmity struck him down with his hand, so that he died, then he who struck the blow shall be put to death. He is a murderer. (O)The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 “But if he pushed him suddenly without enmity, or hurled anything on him (P)without lying in wait 23 or used a stone that could cause death, and without seeing him dropped it on him, so that he died, though he was not his enemy and did not seek his harm, 24 then (Q)the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and (R)the avenger of blood, in accordance with these rules. 25 And the congregation shall rescue the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge to which he had fled, and he shall live in it (S)until the death of the high priest (T)who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the boundaries of his city of refuge to which he fled, 27 and (U)the avenger of blood finds him outside the boundaries of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood. 28 For he must remain in his city of refuge (V)until the death of the high priest, but after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession. 29 And these things shall be for (W)a statute and rule for you throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

30 “If anyone kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the (X)evidence of witnesses. But no person shall be put to death on the testimony of one witness. 31 Moreover, you shall accept no ransom for the life of a murderer, who is guilty of death, but he shall be put to death. 32 And you shall accept no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the high priest. 33 You shall not (Y)pollute the land in which you live, for blood (Z)pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed in it, except (AA)by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 (AB)You shall not defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which I dwell, (AC)for I the Lord dwell in the midst of the people of Israel.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 A cubit was about 18 inches or 45 centimeters