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Números 3
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La tribu de Leví

3 Esta es la lista de los descendientes de Aarón y Moisés cuando el Señor habló con Moisés en el monte Sinaí.

Los sacerdotes

2 Los nombres de los hijos de Aarón son los siguientes: Nadab el primogénito, Abiú, Eleazar e Itamar. 3 Ellos fueron los aaronitas ungidos, ordenados al sacerdocio. 4 Nadab y Abiú murieron en presencia del Señor cuando, en el desierto de Sinaí, le ofrecieron sacrificios con un fuego ilícito que no tenían por qué ofrecer. Como Nadab y Abiú no tuvieron hijos, solo Eleazar e Itamar ejercieron el sacerdocio en vida de su padre Aarón.

Ministerio de los levitas

5 El Señor dijo a Moisés: 6 «Trae a la tribu de Leví y preséntasela al sacerdote Aarón. Los levitas le ayudarán en el ministerio. 7 Desempeñarán sus funciones en lugar de Aarón y de toda la comunidad, encargándose del servicio del santuario en la Tienda de reunión. 8 Cuidarán allí de todos los utensilios de la Tienda de reunión y desempeñarán sus funciones en lugar de los israelitas, encargándose del servicio del santuario. 9 Pondrás a los levitas a las órdenes de Aarón y de sus hijos. Entre los israelitas, serán ellos los que estén totalmente dedicados a él. 10 A Aarón y a sus hijos les asignarás el ministerio sacerdotal. Pero cualquier extraño que se acerque al santuario será condenado a muerte».

Elección de los levitas

11 El Señor dijo a Moisés: 12 «Yo mismo he escogido a los levitas de entre los israelitas, como sustitutos de todo primogénito. Los levitas son míos, 13 porque míos son todos los primogénitos. Cuando exterminé a todos los primogénitos de Egipto, consagré para mí a todo primogénito de Israel, tanto de hombres como de animales. Por lo tanto, son míos. Yo soy el Señor».

Censo de la tribu de Leví

14 El Señor dijo a Moisés en el desierto de Sinaí: 15 «Haz un censo de los levitas por clanes y por familias patriarcales, tomando en cuenta a todo varón mayor de un mes». 16 Moisés llevó a cabo el censo, tal como el Señor mismo se lo había ordenado.

17 Hijos de Leví:

Guersón, Coat y Merari.

18 Clanes guersonitas:

Libní y Simí.

19 Clanes coatitas:

Amirán, Izar, Hebrón y Uziel.

20 Clanes meraritas:

Majlí y Musí.

Estos son los clanes levitas, según sus familias patriarcales.

Los clanes guersonitas

21 De Guersón procedían los clanes de Libní y de Simí. Estos eran los clanes guersonitas.

22 El total de los varones censados mayores de un mes llegó a siete mil quinientos.

23 Los clanes guersonitas acampaban al oeste, detrás del santuario.

24 El jefe de la familia patriarcal de los guersonitas era Eliasaf, hijo de Lael.

25 En lo que atañe a la Tienda de reunión, los guersonitas tenían a su cargo la tienda que cubría el santuario, su toldo, la cortina que estaba a la entrada, 26 el cortinaje del atrio y la cortina a la entrada del atrio que rodea el santuario y el altar, como también las cuerdas y todo lo necesario para su servicio.

Los clanes coatitas

27 De Coat procedían los clanes de Amirán, Izar, Hebrón y Uziel. Estos eran los clanes coatitas, 28 que tenían a su cargo el santuario.

El total de los varones mayores de un mes llegó a ocho mil seiscientos.

29 Los clanes coatitas acampaban al sur del santuario.

30 El jefe de la familia patriarcal de los coatitas era Elizafán, hijo de Uziel.

31 Tenían a su cargo el arca, la mesa, el candelabro, los altares, los utensilios del santuario con los que ministraban, y la cortina de la entrada, como también todo lo necesario para su servicio.

32 El jefe principal de los levitas era Eleazar, hijo de Aarón el sacerdote, a quien se designó como jefe de los que tenían a su cargo el santuario.

Los clanes meraritas

33 De Merari procedían los clanes de Majlí y Musí. Estos eran los clanes meraritas.

34 El total de los varones censados mayores de un mes llegó a seis mil doscientos.

35 El jefe de la familia patriarcal de los meraritas era Zuriel, hijo de Abijaíl.

Los clanes meraritas acampaban al norte del santuario.

36 Tenían a su cargo los tablones, es decir, los travesaños, postes y bases del armazón del santuario, junto con todos sus utensilios y todo lo necesario para su servicio. 37 También cuidaban de los postes que estaban alrededor del atrio, junto con sus bases, estacas y cuerdas.

La tribu de Leví

38 Moisés, Aarón y sus hijos acampaban delante del santuario, es decir, al este de la Tienda de reunión, por donde sale el sol, ya que tenían a su cargo el cuidado del santuario en representación de los israelitas.

Pero si algún extraño se acercaba al santuario era condenado a muerte.

39 Moisés y Aarón censaron a los levitas, tal como el Señor mismo se lo había ordenado. El total de los levitas mayores de un mes censados por clanes llegó a veintidós mil.

Los levitas y los primogénitos

40 El Señor dijo a Moisés: «Haz un censo de todos los primogénitos israelitas mayores de un mes, y registra sus nombres. 41 Apártame a los levitas en sustitución de todos los primogénitos israelitas, así como el ganado de los levitas en sustitución de todas las primeras crías del ganado de los israelitas. Yo soy el Señor».

42 Moisés hizo el censo de todos los primogénitos israelitas, conforme a lo que el Señor había mandado. 43 El total de los primogénitos mayores de un mes, anotados por nombre, llegó a veintidós mil doscientos setenta y tres.

44 El Señor dijo a Moisés: 45 «Apártame a los levitas en sustitución de todos los primogénitos de los israelitas, así como el ganado de los levitas en sustitución del ganado de los israelitas. Los levitas son míos. Yo soy el Señor. 46 Para rescatar a los doscientos setenta y tres primogénitos israelitas que exceden al número de levitas, 47 recaudarás cinco siclos de plata por cabeza, según la medida oficial del santuario, que pesa veinte guerás.[a] 48 Esa suma se la entregarás a Aarón y a sus hijos, como rescate por los israelitas que exceden a su número».

49 Moisés recaudó el dinero del rescate de los israelitas que excedían al número de los rescatados por los levitas. 50 En total recaudó mil trescientos sesenta y cinco siclos de plata, según la medida oficial del santuario.[b] 51 Luego entregó ese dinero a Aarón y a sus hijos, tal como el Señor mismo se lo había ordenado.

Footnotes

  1. 3:47 cinco siclos … veinte guerás. Es decir, aprox. 58 g por cabeza, según el siclo del santuario, que pesa veinte guerás, 11.5 g.
  2. 3:50 siclos … santuario. Es decir, aprox. 16 kg, según el siclo del santuario.
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Numbers 3
New International Version

The Levites

3 This is the account of the family of Aaron and Moses(A) at the time the Lord spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai.(B)

2 The names of the sons of Aaron were Nadab the firstborn(C) and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.(D) 3 Those were the names of Aaron’s sons, the anointed priests,(E) who were ordained to serve as priests. 4 Nadab and Abihu, however, died before the Lord(F) when they made an offering with unauthorized fire before him in the Desert of Sinai.(G) They had no sons, so Eleazar and Ithamar(H) served as priests during the lifetime of their father Aaron.(I)

5 The Lord said to Moses, 6 “Bring the tribe of Levi(J) and present them to Aaron the priest to assist him.(K) 7 They are to perform duties for him and for the whole community(L) at the tent of meeting by doing the work(M) of the tabernacle. 8 They are to take care of all the furnishings of the tent of meeting, fulfilling the obligations of the Israelites by doing the work of the tabernacle. 9 Give the Levites to Aaron and his sons;(N) they are the Israelites who are to be given wholly to him.[a] 10 Appoint Aaron(O) and his sons to serve as priests;(P) anyone else who approaches the sanctuary is to be put to death.”(Q)

11 The Lord also said to Moses, 12 “I have taken the Levites(R) from among the Israelites in place of the first male offspring(S) of every Israelite woman. The Levites are mine,(T) 13 for all the firstborn are mine.(U) When I struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, I set apart for myself every firstborn in Israel, whether human or animal. They are to be mine. I am the Lord.”(V)

14 The Lord said to Moses in the Desert of Sinai,(W) 15 “Count(X) the Levites by their families and clans. Count every male a month old or more.”(Y) 16 So Moses counted them, as he was commanded by the word of the Lord.

17 These were the names of the sons of Levi:(Z)

Gershon,(AA) Kohath(AB) and Merari.(AC)

18 These were the names of the Gershonite clans:

Libni and Shimei.(AD)

19 The Kohathite clans:

Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel.(AE)

20 The Merarite clans:(AF)

Mahli and Mushi.(AG)

These were the Levite clans, according to their families.

21 To Gershon(AH) belonged the clans of the Libnites and Shimeites;(AI) these were the Gershonite clans. 22 The number of all the males a month old or more who were counted was 7,500. 23 The Gershonite clans were to camp on the west, behind the tabernacle.(AJ) 24 The leader of the families of the Gershonites was Eliasaph son of Lael. 25 At the tent of meeting the Gershonites were responsible for the care of the tabernacle(AK) and tent, its coverings,(AL) the curtain at the entrance(AM) to the tent of meeting,(AN) 26 the curtains of the courtyard(AO), the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard surrounding the tabernacle and altar,(AP) and the ropes(AQ)—and everything(AR) related to their use.

27 To Kohath(AS) belonged the clans of the Amramites, Izharites, Hebronites and Uzzielites;(AT) these were the Kohathite(AU) clans. 28 The number of all the males a month old or more(AV) was 8,600.[b] The Kohathites were responsible(AW) for the care of the sanctuary.(AX) 29 The Kohathite clans were to camp on the south side(AY) of the tabernacle. 30 The leader of the families of the Kohathite clans was Elizaphan(AZ) son of Uzziel. 31 They were responsible for the care of the ark,(BA) the table,(BB) the lampstand,(BC) the altars,(BD) the articles(BE) of the sanctuary used in ministering, the curtain,(BF) and everything related to their use.(BG) 32 The chief leader of the Levites was Eleazar(BH) son of Aaron, the priest. He was appointed over those who were responsible(BI) for the care of the sanctuary.(BJ)

33 To Merari belonged the clans of the Mahlites and the Mushites;(BK) these were the Merarite clans.(BL) 34 The number of all the males a month old or more(BM) who were counted was 6,200. 35 The leader of the families of the Merarite clans was Zuriel son of Abihail; they were to camp on the north side of the tabernacle.(BN) 36 The Merarites were appointed(BO) to take care of the frames of the tabernacle,(BP) its crossbars,(BQ) posts,(BR) bases, all its equipment, and everything related to their use,(BS) 37 as well as the posts of the surrounding courtyard(BT) with their bases, tent pegs(BU) and ropes.

38 Moses and Aaron and his sons were to camp to the east(BV) of the tabernacle, toward the sunrise, in front of the tent of meeting.(BW) They were responsible for the care of the sanctuary(BX) on behalf of the Israelites. Anyone else who approached the sanctuary was to be put to death.(BY)

39 The total number of Levites counted(BZ) at the Lord’s command by Moses and Aaron according to their clans, including every male a month old or more, was 22,000.(CA)

40 The Lord said to Moses, “Count all the firstborn Israelite males who are a month old or more(CB) and make a list of their names.(CC) 41 Take the Levites for me in place of all the firstborn of the Israelites,(CD) and the livestock of the Levites in place of all the firstborn of the livestock of the Israelites. I am the Lord.”(CE)

42 So Moses counted all the firstborn of the Israelites, as the Lord commanded him. 43 The total number of firstborn males a month old or more,(CF) listed by name, was 22,273.(CG)

44 The Lord also said to Moses, 45 “Take the Levites in place of all the firstborn of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites in place of their livestock. The Levites are to be mine.(CH) I am the Lord.(CI) 46 To redeem(CJ) the 273 firstborn Israelites who exceed the number of the Levites, 47 collect five shekels[c](CK) for each one, according to the sanctuary shekel,(CL) which weighs twenty gerahs.(CM) 48 Give the money for the redemption(CN) of the additional Israelites to Aaron and his sons.”(CO)

49 So Moses collected the redemption money(CP) from those who exceeded the number redeemed by the Levites. 50 From the firstborn of the Israelites(CQ) he collected silver weighing 1,365 shekels,[d](CR) according to the sanctuary shekel. 51 Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons, as he was commanded by the word of the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 3:9 Most manuscripts of the Masoretic Text; some manuscripts of the Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint (see also 8:16) to me
  2. Numbers 3:28 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts 8,300
  3. Numbers 3:47 That is, about 2 ounces or about 58 grams
  4. Numbers 3:50 That is, about 35 pounds or about 16 kilograms
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Numbers 3
New English Translation

The Sons of Aaron

3 [a] Now these are the records[b] of Aaron and Moses when[c] the Lord spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai. 2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed[d] priests, whom he consecrated[e] to minister as priests.[f]

4 Nadab and Abihu died[g] before the Lord[h] when they offered[i] strange[j] fire[k] before the Lord in the desert of Sinai, and they had no children.[l] So Eleazar and Ithamar ministered as priests[m] in the presence of[n] Aaron their father.

The Assignment of the Levites

5 The Lord spoke to Moses: 6 “Bring the tribe of Levi near,[o] and present[p] them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him.[q] 7 They are responsible for his needs[r] and the needs of the whole community before the tent of meeting, by attending to[s] the service of the tabernacle. 8 And they are responsible for all the furnishings of the tent of meeting, and for the needs of the Israelites, as they serve[t] in the tabernacle. 9 You are to assign[u] the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they will be assigned exclusively[v] to him out of all[w] the Israelites. 10 So you are to appoint Aaron and his sons, and they will be responsible for their priesthood,[x] but the unauthorized person[y] who comes near must be put to death.”

11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 12 “Look,[z] I myself have taken the Levites from among the Israelites instead of[aa] every firstborn who opens the womb among the Israelites. So the Levites belong to me, 13 because all the firstborn are mine. When I destroyed[ab] all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I set apart for myself all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast. They belong to me. I am the Lord.”[ac]

The Numbering of the Levites

14 Then the Lord spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai: 15 “Number the Levites by their clans[ad] and their families; every male from a month old and upward you are to number.”[ae] 16 So Moses numbered them according to the word[af] of the Lord, just as he had been commanded.[ag]

The Summary of Families

17 These were the sons[ah] of Levi by their names: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

18 These are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei. 19 The sons of Kohath by their families were: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. 20 The sons of Merari by their families were Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites by their clans.

The Numbering of the Gershonites

21 From Gershon came the family of the Libnites and the family of the Shimeites; these were the families of the Gershonites. 22 Those of them who were numbered, counting every male from a month old and upward, were 7,500. 23 The families of the Gershonites were to camp behind the tabernacle toward the west. 24 Now the leader[ai] of the clan[aj] of the Gershonites was Eliasaph son of Lael.

25 And[ak] the responsibilities of the Gershonites in the tent of meeting included the tabernacle, the tent with its covering, the curtain at the entrance of the tent of meeting, 26 the hangings of the courtyard,[al] the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard that surrounded the tabernacle and the altar, and their ropes, plus all the service connected with these things.[am]

The Numbering of the Kohathites

27 From Kohath came the family of the Amramites, the family of the Izharites, the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites; these were the families of the Kohathites.[an] 28 Counting every male from a month old and upward, there were 8,600. They were responsible for the care[ao] of the sanctuary. 29 The families of the Kohathites were to camp on the south side of the tabernacle. 30 Now the leader of the clan of the families of the Kohathites was Elizaphan son of Uzziel.

31 Their responsibilities included the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, and the utensils of the sanctuary with which they ministered,[ap] the curtain, and all their service.[aq] 32 Now the head of all the Levitical leaders[ar] was Eleazar son of Aaron the priest. He was appointed over those who were responsible for[as] the sanctuary.

The Numbering of Merari

33 From Merari came the family of the Mahlites and the family of the Mushites; these were[at] the families of Merari. 34 Those of them who were numbered, counting every male from a month old and upward, were 6,200. 35 Now the leader of the clan of the families of Merari was Zuriel son of Abihail. These were to camp on the north side of the tabernacle.

36 The appointed responsibilities of the Merarites included the frames of the tabernacle, its crossbars, its posts, its sockets, its utensils, plus all the service connected with these things,[au] 37 and the pillars of the courtyard all around, with their sockets, their pegs, and their ropes.

38 But those who were to camp in front of the tabernacle on the east, in front of the tent of meeting, were Moses, Aaron,[av] and his sons. They were responsible for the needs[aw] of the sanctuary and for the needs of the Israelites, but the unauthorized person who approached was to be put to death. 39 All who were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the word[ax] of the Lord, according to their families, every male from a month old and upward, were 22,000.

The Substitution for the Firstborn

40 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Number all the firstborn males of the Israelites from a month old and upward, and take[ay] the number of their names. 41 And take[az] the Levites for me—I am the Lord—instead of all the firstborn males among the Israelites, and the livestock of the Levites instead of all the firstborn of the livestock of the Israelites.” 42 So Moses numbered all the firstborn males among the Israelites, as the Lord had commanded him. 43 And all the firstborn males, by the number of the names from a month old and upward, totaled 22,273.

44 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 45 “Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn males among the Israelites, and the livestock of the Levites instead of their livestock. And the Levites will be mine. I am the Lord. 46 And for the redemption of the 273 firstborn males of the Israelites who exceed the number of the Levites, 47 collect[ba] five shekels for each one[bb] individually; you are to collect[bc] this amount[bd] in the currency of the sanctuary shekel (this shekel is twenty gerahs).[be] 48 And give the money for the redemption of the excess number of them to Aaron and his sons.”

49 So Moses took the redemption money[bf] from those who were in excess of those redeemed by the Levites. 50 From the firstborn males of the Israelites he collected the money, 1,365 shekels, according to the sanctuary shekel. 51 Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons, according to the word of the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 3:1 sn For significant literature for this chapter, see M. Aberbach and L. Smolar, “Aaron, Jeroboam, and their Golden Calves,” JBL 86 (1967): 129-40; G. Brin, “The First-born in Israel in the Biblical Period” (Ph.D. diss., University of Tel Aviv, 1971); S. H. Hooke, “Theory and Practice of Substitution,” VT 2 (1952): 2-17; and J. Morgenstern, “A Chapter in the History of the High Priesthood,” AJSL 55 (1938): 1-24.
  2. Numbers 3:1 tn The construction is וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת (ve’elleh toledot), which was traditionally translated “now these are the generations,” much as it was translated throughout the book of Genesis. The noun can refer to records, stories, genealogies, names, and accounts of people. Here it is the recorded genealogical list with assigned posts included. Like Genesis, it is a heading of a section, and not a colophon as some have suggested. It is here similar to Exodus: “these are the names of.” R. K. Harrison, Numbers (WEC), 62, insists that it is a colophon and should end chapter 2, but if that is followed in the Pentateuch, it creates difficulty throughout the narratives. See the discussion by A. P. Ross, Creation and Blessing, 69-74.
  3. Numbers 3:1 tn The expression in the Hebrew text (“in the day of”) is idiomatic for “when.”
  4. Numbers 3:3 tn The verb מָשַׁח (mashakh) means “to anoint”; here the form modifies the “priests.” The service of consecration was carried out with anointing oil (Exod 30:30). The verb is used for the anointing of kings as well as priests in the OT, and so out of that derived the technical title “Messiah” for the coming ideal king—the “Anointed One.”
  5. Numbers 3:3 tn In this verse the expression is in a relative clause: “who he filled their hand” means “whose hands he filled,” or “whom he consecrated.” The idiomatic expression used here is from Lev 8; it literally is “he filled their hand” (מִלֵּא יָדָם, milleʾ yadam). In the ordination service Moses placed some of the meat from the sacrifice in the hand of the ordinand, and this signified what he was going to be about—having his hand full, or being consecrated to the priesthood. There is some evidence that this practice or expression was also known in Mesopotamia. In modern ordination services a NT or a Bible may be placed in the ordinand’s hand—it is what the ministry will be about.
  6. Numbers 3:3 tn The form is an infinitival construction for the word for the priest, showing the purpose for the filling of the hands.
  7. Numbers 3:4 tn The verb form is the preterite with vav (ו) consecutive, literally “and Nadab died.” Some commentators wish to make the verb a past perfect, rendering it “and Nadab had died,” but this is not necessary. In tracing through the line from Aaron it simply reports that the first two sons died. The reference is to the event recorded in Lev 10 where the sons brought “strange” or “foreign” fire to the sanctuary.
  8. Numbers 3:4 tc This initial clause is omitted in one Hebrew ms, Smr, and the Vulgate.
  9. Numbers 3:4 tn The form בְּהַקְרִבָם (behaqrivam) is the Hiphil infinitive construct functioning as a temporal clause: “when they brought near,” meaning, “when they offered.” The verb קָרַב (qarav) is familiar to students of the NT because of “corban” in Mark 7:11.
  10. Numbers 3:4 tn Or “prohibited.” See HALOT 279 s.v. זָר 3.
  11. Numbers 3:4 tn The expression אֵשׁ זָרָה (ʾesh zarah, “strange fire”) seems imprecise and has been interpreted numerous ways (see the helpful summary in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC 4], 132-33). The infraction may have involved any of the following or a combination thereof: (1) using coals from some place other than the burnt offering altar (i.e., “unauthorized coals” according to J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:598; cf. Lev 16:12 and cf. “unauthorized person” [אִישׁ זָר, ʾish zar] in Num 16:40 [17:5 HT], NASB “layman”), (2) using the wrong kind of incense (cf. the Exod 30:9 regulation against “strange incense” [קְטֹרֶת זָרָה, qetoret zarah] on the incense altar and the possible connection to Exod 30:34-38), (3) performing an incense offering at an unprescribed time (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 59), or (4) entering the Holy of Holies at an inappropriate time (Lev 16:1-2).sn This event is narrated in Lev 10:1-7.
  12. Numbers 3:4 sn The two young priests had been cut down before they had children; the ranks of the family of Aaron were thereby cut in half in one judgment from God. The significance of the act of judgment was to show that the priests had to sanctify the Lord before the people—they were to be examples that the sanctuary and its contents were distinct.
  13. Numbers 3:4 tn The verb is the Piel preterite from the root כָּהַן (kahan): “to function as a priest” or “to minister.”
  14. Numbers 3:4 tn The expression “in the presence of” can also mean “during the lifetime of” (see Gen 11:28; see also BDB 818 s.v. פָּנֶה II.7.a; cf. NASB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV).
  15. Numbers 3:6 sn The use of the verb קָרַב (qarav) forms an interesting wordplay in the passage. The act of making an offering is described by this verb, as was the reference to the priests’ offering of strange fire. Now the ceremonial presentation of the priests is expressed by the same word—they are being offered to God.
  16. Numbers 3:6 tn The verb literally means “make it [the tribe] stand” (וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ אֹתוֹ, vehaʿamadta ʾoto). The verb is the Hiphil perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive; it will take the same imperative nuance as the form before it, but follow in sequence (“and then”). This refers to the ceremonial presentation in which the tribe would take its place before Aaron, that is, stand before him and await their assignments. The Levites will function more like a sacred guard than anything else, for they had to protect and care for the sanctuary when it was erected and when it was transported (see J. Milgrom, Studies in Levitical Terminology, 8-10).
  17. Numbers 3:6 tn The verb וְשֵׁרְתוּ (vesheretu) is the Piel perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive; it carries the same volitional force as the preceding verb forms, but may here be subordinated in the sequence to express the purpose or result of the preceding action.
  18. Numbers 3:7 tn The Hebrew text uses the perfect tense of שָׁמַר (shamar) with a vav (ו) consecutive to continue the instruction of the preceding verse. It may be translated “and they shall keep” or “they must/are to keep,” but in this context it refers to their appointed duties. The verb is followed by its cognate accusative—“they are to keep his keeping,” or as it is often translated, “his charge.” This would mean whatever Aaron needed them to do. But the noun is also used for the people in the next phrase, and so “charge” cannot be the meaning here. The verse is explaining that the Levites will have duties to perform to meet the needs of Aaron and the congregation.
  19. Numbers 3:7 tn The form is the Qal infinitive construct from עָבַד (ʿavad, “to serve, to work”); it is taken here as a verbal noun and means “by (or in) serving” (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 36, §195). This explains the verb “keep [his charge].” Here too the form is followed by a cognate accusative; they will be there to “serve the service” or “work the work.”
  20. Numbers 3:8 tn The construction uses the infinitive construct (epexegetically) followed by its cognate accusative. It would convey “to serve the service of the tabernacle,” but more simply it may be rendered as “serving.” Their spiritual and practical service is to serve.sn The Levites had the duty of taking care of all the tabernacle and its furnishings, especially in times when it was to be moved. But they were also appointed to be gatekeepers (2 Kgs 22:4; 1 Chr 9:19) in order to safeguard the purity of the place and the activities that went on there. Their offices seem to have then become hereditary in time (1 Sam 1:3); they even took on more priestly functions, such as pronouncing the benediction (Deut 10:8). See further R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 348-49.
  21. Numbers 3:9 tn The verb וְנָתַתָּה (venatattah) is normally “give.” Here, though, the context refers to the assignment of the Levites to the priests for their duties. The form is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive, continuing the sequence for the imperfect of instruction.
  22. Numbers 3:9 tn This emphasis is derived from the simple repetition of the passive participle, נְתוּנִם נְתוּנִם (netunim netunim). See GKC 396 §123.e. The forms serve as the predicate with the subject pronoun.
  23. Numbers 3:9 tn The Hebrew text simply has the preposition, “from the Israelites.”
  24. Numbers 3:10 tc The LXX includes the following words here: “and all things pertaining to the altar and within the veil.” Cf. Num 18:7.
  25. Numbers 3:10 tn The word is זָר (zar), usually rendered “stranger, foreigner, pagan.” But in this context it simply refers to anyone who is not a Levite or a priest, an unauthorized person or intruder in the tabernacle. That person would be put to death.
  26. Numbers 3:12 tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here carries its deictic force, calling attention to the fact that is being declared. It is underscoring the fact that the Lord himself chose Levi.
  27. Numbers 3:12 tn Literally “in the place of.”
  28. Numbers 3:13 tn The form הַכֹּתִי (hakkoti) is the Hiphil infinitive construct of the verb נָכָה (nakhah, “to strike, smite, attack”). Here, after the idiomatic “in the day of,” the form functions in an adverbial clause of time—“when I destroyed.”
  29. Numbers 3:13 sn In the Exodus event of the Passover night the principle of substitution was presented. The firstborn child was redeemed by the blood of the lamb and so belonged to God, but then God chose the Levites to serve in the place of the firstborn. The ritual of consecrating the firstborn son to the Lord was nevertheless carried out, even with Jesus, the firstborn son of Mary (Luke 2:22-23).
  30. Numbers 3:15 tn Heb “the house of their fathers.” So also in v. 20.
  31. Numbers 3:15 tn Heb “you are to/shall number them.”
  32. Numbers 3:16 tn Heb “at the mouth of the Lord.”
  33. Numbers 3:16 tn The Pual perfect may be given the past perfect translation in this sentence because the act of commanding preceded the act of numbering.
  34. Numbers 3:17 tn The word “sons of” does at the outset refer to the sons of Levi. But as the listing continues the expression refers more to the family groups of the various descendants.
  35. Numbers 3:24 tn The vav (ו) disjunctive on the noun at the beginning of the verse here signals a greater emphasis on the individual rather than another item in the numbering of the clans.
  36. Numbers 3:24 tn Heb “a father’s house.” So also in vv. 30, 35.
  37. Numbers 3:25 tn The disjunctive vav (ו) here introduces a new section, listing the various duties of the clan in the sanctuary. The Gershonites had a long tradition of service here. In the days of David Asaph and his family were prominent as musicians. Others in the clan controlled the Temple treasuries. But in the wilderness they had specific oversight concerning the tent structure, which included the holy place and the holy of holies.
  38. Numbers 3:26 tc The phrases in this verse seem to be direct objects without verbs. BHS suggests deleting the sign of the accusative (for which see P. P. Saydon, “Meanings and Uses of the Particle אֵת,” VT 14 [1964]: 263-75).
  39. Numbers 3:26 tn Heb “for all the service of it [them].”
  40. Numbers 3:27 sn Both Moses and Aaron came from this line (6:16-20). During the Hebrew monarchy this branch of the line of Levi was exemplary in music (1 Chr 6:33-48). They were also helpful to Hezekiah in his reforms (1 Chr 29:12-14).
  41. Numbers 3:28 tn The construction here is a little different. The Hebrew text uses the participle in construct plural: שֹׁמְרֵי (shomere, literally “keepers of”). The form specifies the duties of the 8,600 Kohathites. The genitive that follows this participle is the cognate מִשְׁמֶרֶת (mishmeret) that has been used before. So the expression indicates that they were responsible for the care of this part of the cult center. There is no reason to delete one of the forms (as does J. A. Paterson, Numbers, 42), for the repetition stresses the central importance of their work.
  42. Numbers 3:31 tn The verb is יְשָׁרְתוּ (yesharetu, “they will serve/minister”). The imperfect tense in this place, however, probably describes what the priests would do, what they used to do. The verb is in a relative clause: “which they would serve with them,” which should be changed to read “with which they would serve.”
  43. Numbers 3:31 tn The word is literally “its [their] service.” It describes all the implements that were there for the maintenance of these things.
  44. Numbers 3:32 tn The Hebrew construction has “the leader of the leaders of” (וּנְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי, unesiʾ nesiʾe).
  45. Numbers 3:32 tn Heb “the keepers of the responsibility” (שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת, shomerey mishmeret). The participle is a genitive specifying the duty to which he was appointed (thing possessed); its cognate genitive emphasizes that their responsibility was over the holy place.
  46. Numbers 3:33 tn The Hebrew text has “these they the families of Merari.” The independent personal pronoun has an anaphoric use, somewhat equivalent to the copula “and” (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 23, §115).
  47. Numbers 3:36 tn Heb “and all their service.” This could possibly be a hendiadys: “and all their working tools.” However, the parallel with v. 26 suggests this is a separate phrase.
  48. Numbers 3:38 tc In some Hebrew mss and Smr “and Aaron” is not in the verse. The omission arose probably by scribal error with such repetitious material that could easily give rise to variant traditions.
  49. Numbers 3:38 tn Here again the verb and its cognate noun are used: keeping the keep, or keeping charge over, or taking responsibility for the care of, or the like.
  50. Numbers 3:39 tn Here again the Hebrew has “at the mouth of,” meaning in accordance with what the Lord said. So also in v. 51.
  51. Numbers 3:40 tn The verb נָשָׂא (nasaʾ, “take”) has here the sense of collect, take a census, or register the names.
  52. Numbers 3:41 tn The verb is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it carries forward the instructions from the preceding verse. The verb “take” now has the sense of appointing or designating the Levites.
  53. Numbers 3:47 tn The verb again is the perfect tense in sequence; the meaning of “take” may be interpreted here with the sense of “collect.”
  54. Numbers 3:47 tn The idea is expressed simply by repetition: “take five, five, shekels according to the skull.” They were to collect five shekels for each individual.
  55. Numbers 3:47 tn The verb form now is the imperfect of instruction or legislation.
  56. Numbers 3:47 tn Heb “them,” referring to the five shekels.
  57. Numbers 3:47 sn The sanctuary shekel was first mentioned in Exod 30:13. The half-shekel of Exod 38:26 would then be 10 gerahs. Consequently, the calculations would indicate that five shekels was about two ounces of silver for each person. See R. B. Y. Scott, “Weights and Measures of the Bible,” BA 22 (1951): 22-40, and “The Scale-Weights from Ophel, 1963-1964,” PEQ 97 (1965): 128-39.
  58. Numbers 3:49 sn The word used is “silver.” Coins were not in existence until after 700 b.c. (starting with Lydia).
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