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Condamnation des scribes et des pharisiens

23 Alors Jésus, parlant à la foule et à ses disciples, dit:

Les scribes et les pharisiens sont assis dans la chaire de Moïse. Faites donc et observez tout ce qu’ils vous disent; mais n’agissez pas selon leurs œuvres. Car ils disent, et ne font pas. Ils lient des fardeaux pesants, et les mettent sur les épaules des hommes, mais ils ne veulent pas les remuer du doigt. Ils font toutes leurs actions pour être vus des hommes. Ainsi, ils portent de larges phylactères, et ils ont de longues franges à leurs vêtements; ils aiment la première place dans les festins, et les premiers sièges dans les synagogues; ils aiment à être salués dans les places publiques, et à être appelés par les hommes Rabbi, Rabbi. Mais vous, ne vous faites pas appeler Rabbi; car un seul est votre Maître, et vous êtes tous frères. Et n’appelez personne sur la terre votre père; car un seul est votre Père, celui qui est dans les cieux. 10 Ne vous faites pas appeler directeurs; car un seul est votre Directeur, le Christ. 11 Le plus grand parmi vous sera votre serviteur. 12 Quiconque s’élèvera sera abaissé, et quiconque s’abaissera sera élevé.

13 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous fermez aux hommes le royaume des cieux; vous n’y entrez pas vous-mêmes, et vous n’y laissez pas entrer ceux qui veulent entrer.

14 [Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous dévorez les maisons des veuves, et que vous faites pour l’apparence de longues prières; à cause de cela, vous serez jugés plus sévèrement.]

15 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous courez la mer et la terre pour faire un prosélyte; et, quand il l’est devenu, vous en faites un fils de la géhenne deux fois plus que vous.

16 Malheur à vous, conducteurs aveugles! qui dites: Si quelqu’un jure par le temple, ce n’est rien; mais, si quelqu’un jure par l’or du temple, il est engagé. 17 Insensés et aveugles! Lequel est le plus grand, l’or, ou le temple qui sanctifie l’or? 18 Si quelqu’un, dites-vous encore, jure par l’autel, ce n’est rien; mais, si quelqu’un jure par l’offrande qui est sur l’autel, il est engagé. 19 Aveugles! Lequel est le plus grand, l’offrande, ou l’autel qui sanctifie l’offrande? 20 Celui qui jure par l’autel jure par l’autel et par tout ce qui est dessus; 21 celui qui jure par le temple jure par le temple et par celui qui l’habite; 22 et celui qui jure par le ciel jure par le trône de Dieu et par celui qui y est assis.

23 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous payez la dîme de la menthe, de l’aneth et du cumin, et que vous laissez ce qui est plus important dans la loi, la justice, la miséricorde et la fidélité: c’est là ce qu’il fallait pratiquer, sans négliger les autres choses. 24 Conducteurs aveugles! qui éliminez le moucheron[a], et qui avalez le chameau.

25 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous nettoyez le dehors de la coupe et du plat, et qu’au-dedans ils sont pleins de rapine et d’intempérance. 26 Pharisien aveugle! nettoie premièrement l’intérieur de la coupe et du plat, afin que l’extérieur aussi devienne net. 27 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous ressemblez à des sépulcres blanchis, qui paraissent beaux au-dehors, et qui, au-dedans, sont pleins d’ossements de morts et de toute espèce d’impuretés. 28 Vous de même, au-dehors, vous paraissez justes aux hommes, mais, au-dedans, vous êtes pleins d’hypocrisie et d’iniquité.

29 Malheur à vous, scribes et pharisiens hypocrites! parce que vous bâtissez les tombeaux des prophètes et ornez les sépulcres des justes, 30 et que vous dites: Si nous avions vécu du temps de nos pères, nous ne nous serions pas joints à eux pour répandre le sang des prophètes. 31 Vous témoignez ainsi contre vous-mêmes que vous êtes les fils de ceux qui ont tué les prophètes. 32 Comblez donc la mesure de vos pères. 33 Serpents, race de vipères! comment échapperez-vous au châtiment de la géhenne? 34 C’est pourquoi, voici, je vous envoie des prophètes, des sages et des scribes. Vous tuerez et crucifierez les uns, vous battrez de verges les autres dans vos synagogues, et vous les persécuterez de ville en ville, 35 afin que retombe sur vous tout le sang innocent répandu sur la terre, depuis le sang d’Abel le juste jusqu’au sang de Zacharie, fils de Barachie, que vous avez tué entre le temple et l’autel. 36 Je vous le dis en vérité, tout cela retombera sur cette génération.

Jésus se lamente sur Jérusalem

37 Jérusalem, Jérusalem, qui tues les prophètes et qui lapides ceux qui te sont envoyés, combien de fois ai-je voulu rassembler tes enfants, comme une poule rassemble ses poussins sous ses ailes, et vous ne l’avez pas voulu! 38 Voici, votre maison vous sera laissée déserte; 39 car, je vous le dis, vous ne me verrez plus désormais, jusqu’à ce que vous disiez: Béni soit celui qui vient au nom du Seigneur[b]!

Footnotes

  1. Matthieu 23:24 Qui éliminez le moucheron, c.-à-d. qui filtrez votre boisson, par crainte d'avaler un moucheron
  2. Matthieu 23:39 + Ps 118:26

Seven Woes

23 Then Yeshua spoke to the crowds and to His disciples, saying, “The Torah scholars and Pharisees sit on the seat of Moses. So whatever they tell you, do and observe. But don’t do what they do; for what they say, they do not do. They tie up heavy loads, hard to carry,[a] and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves aren’t willing to lift a finger to move them. All their works they do to be noticed by men. They make their tefillin wide and their tzitziyot long. [b] They love the place of honor at feasts, the best seats in the synagogues, greetings in the marketplaces, and to be called rabbi by men.

“But you are not to be called rabbi; for One is your Teacher, and you are all brothers. And call no man on earth your father; for One is your Father, who is in heaven. 10 Nor are you to be called teachers; for One is your Teacher, the Messiah. 11 But the greatest among you shall be your servant. 12 Whoever exalts himself shall be humbled, and whoever humbles himself shall be exalted.

13 “But woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut people out of the kingdom of heaven. For you do not enter yourselves, nor do you let those enter who are trying to go in. (14 )[c]

15 “Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel over land and sea to make one convert. And when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of Gehenna as yourself.

16 “Woe to you, blind guides! You say, ‘Whoever swears by the Temple, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the Temple, he is obligated.’ 17 O fools and blind ones! Which is greater, the gold or the Temple that made the gold holy? [d] 18 And you say, ‘Whoever swears by the altar, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the offering on it, he is obligated.’ 19 O blind ones! Which is greater, the offering or the altar that makes the offering holy? [e] 20 Therefore, whoever swears by the altar, swears both by the altar and everything on it. 21 And whoever swears by the Temple, swears both by the Temple and by Him who dwells in it. 22 And whoever swears by heaven, swears both by the throne of God and by Him who sits on it.

23 “Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! You tithe[f] mint and dill and cumin, yet you have neglected the weightier matters of Torah—justice and mercy and faithfulness. It is necessary to do these things without neglecting the others. 24 O blind guides, straining out a gnat while swallowing a camel!

25 “Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and uncontrolled desire. 26 O blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, so that the outside may become clean as well.

27 “Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but inside are full of dead men’s bones and everything unclean. 28 In the same way, you appear righteous to men on the outside, but are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.

29 “Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the monuments of the tzaddikim. 30 And you say, ‘If we’d been alive in the days of our forefathers, we wouldn’t have been partners with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31 So you testify against yourselves, that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32 Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers! 33 O snakes, you brood of vipers! How will you escape the condemnation of Gehenna?

34 “Because of this, behold, I’m sending you prophets and wise men and Torah scholars. Some of them you will kill and execute at the stake, and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues and persecute from city to city. 35 And so, upon you shall come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berechiah,[g] whom you murdered between the Temple and the altar. [h] 36 Amen, I tell you, all these things will come upon this generation.”

Holy Temple to Be Destroyed

37 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her! How often I longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing! 38 Look, your house is left to you desolate! [i] 39 For I tell you, you will never see Me again until you say, ‘Baruch ha-ba b’shem Adonai. Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!’”[j]

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:4 Some mss. omit hard to carry.
  2. Matthew 23:6 cf. Exod. 13:9, 16; Deut. 6:8; 11:18; Num. 15:37-41.
  3. Matthew 23:14 Some manuscripts add v. 14: Woe to you, Torah scholars and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour widows’ houses, while praying at length as a show. Therefore you will receive greater condemnation. cf. Mk. 12:40; Lk. 20:47.
  4. Matthew 23:18 cf. Exod. 30:29.
  5. Matthew 23:20 cf. Exod. 29:37.
  6. Matthew 23:23 cf. Lev. 27:30; Deut. 12:6, 17; 14:22-23; Mal. 3:8-10.
  7. Matthew 23:35 Some mss. omit son of Berechiah.
  8. Matthew 23:36 cf. Gen. 4:8; Zech. 1:1; 2 Chr. 24:21.
  9. Matthew 23:39 cf. Jer. 12:7; 22:5
  10. Matthew 23:39 Ps. 118:26.

23  Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,

Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat:

All therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.

For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.

But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments,

And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues,

And greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.

But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren.

And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.

10 Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ.

11 But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.

12 And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.

13 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.

14 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.

15 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.

16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor!

17 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?

18 And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.

19 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?

20 Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon.

21 And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.

22 And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.

23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.

24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.

26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.

27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones, and of all uncleanness.

28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,

30 And say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.

31 Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets.

32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.

33 Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?

34 Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city:

35 That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.

36 Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation.

37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!

38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.