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Oaths

33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to an older generation,[a]Do not break an oath, but fulfill your vows to the Lord.’[b] 34 But I say to you, do not take oaths at all—not by heaven, because it is the throne of God, 35 not by earth, because it is his footstool, and not by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King.[c] 36 Do not take an oath by your head, because you are not able to make one hair white or black. 37 Let your word be ‘Yes, yes’ or ‘No, no.’ More than this is from the evil one.[d]

Retaliation

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’[e]

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Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:33 tn Grk “the ancient ones.”
  2. Matthew 5:33 sn A quotation from Lev 19:12.
  3. Matthew 5:35 sn The final clause is an allusion to Ps 48:2. In light of Ps 48:1-2 most understand the great King as a reference to God in this context (thus the capitalization).
  4. Matthew 5:37 tn The term πονηροῦ (ponērou) may be understood as specific and personified, referring to the devil, or possibly as a general reference to evil. It is most likely personified, however, since it is articular and how it fits into the surrounding context (τοῦ πονηροῦ, tou ponērou). Cf. also “the evildoer” in v. 39, which is the same construction.
  5. Matthew 5:38 sn A quotation from Exod 21:24; Lev 24:20.