Matthew 5:22
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
22 [a]But I say to you, whoever is angry[b] with his brother will be liable to judgment,(A) and whoever says to his brother, ‘Raqa,’ will be answerable to the Sanhedrin, and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ will be liable to fiery Gehenna.
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- 5:22–26 Reconciliation with an offended brother is urged in the admonition of Mt 5:23–24 and the parable of Mt 5:25–26 (// Lk 12:58–59). The severity of the judge in the parable is a warning of the fate of unrepentant sinners in the coming judgment by God.
- 5:22 Anger is the motive behind murder, as the insulting epithets are steps that may lead to it. They, as well as the deed, are all forbidden. Raqa: an Aramaic word rēqā’ or rēqâ probably meaning “imbecile,” “blockhead,” a term of abuse. The ascending order of punishment, judgment (by a local council?), trial before the Sanhedrin, condemnation to Gehenna, points to a higher degree of seriousness in each of the offenses. Sanhedrin: the highest judicial body of Judaism. Gehenna: in Hebrew gê-hinnōm, “Valley of Hinnom,” or gê ben-hinnōm, “Valley of the son of Hinnom,” southwest of Jerusalem, the center of an idolatrous cult during the monarchy in which children were offered in sacrifice (see 2 Kgs 23:10; Jer 7:31). In Jos 18:16 (Septuagint, Codex Vaticanus) the Hebrew is transliterated into Greek as gaienna, which appears in the New Testament as geenna. The concept of punishment of sinners by fire either after death or after the final judgment is found in Jewish apocalyptic literature (e.g., Enoch 90:26) but the name geenna is first given to the place of punishment in the New Testament.
Matthew 5:22
New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised Catholic Edition
22 But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister,[a] you will be liable to judgement; and if you insult[b] a brother or sister,[c] you will be liable to the council; and if you say, “You fool”, you will be liable to the hell[d] of fire.
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- Matthew 5:22 Gk a brother; other ancient authorities add without cause
- Matthew 5:22 Gk say Raca to (an obscure term of abuse)
- Matthew 5:22 Gk a brother
- Matthew 5:22 Gk Gehenna
Matthew 5:22
Good News Translation
22 But now I tell you: if you are angry[a] with your brother you will be brought to trial, if you call your brother ‘You good-for-nothing!’ you will be brought before the Council, and if you call your brother a worthless fool you will be in danger of going to the fire of hell.
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- Matthew 5:22 if you are angry; some manuscripts have if without cause you are angry.
Matthew 5:22
New American Standard Bible
22 But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be answerable to (A)the court; and whoever says to his brother, ‘[a]You good-for-nothing,’ shall be answerable to [b](B)the supreme court; and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ shall be guilty enough to go into the [c](C)fiery hell.
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- Matthew 5:22 Or You empty-head; Gr Raka (Raca) from Aramaic reqa
- Matthew 5:22 Lit the Sanhedrin; i.e., Jewish High Court
- Matthew 5:22 Lit Gehenna of fire
Matthew 5:22
New International Version
22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry(A) with a brother or sister[a][b] will be subject to judgment.(B) Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’[c] is answerable to the court.(C) And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.(D)
Footnotes
- Matthew 5:22 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a fellow disciple, whether man or woman; also in verse 23.
- Matthew 5:22 Some manuscripts brother or sister without cause
- Matthew 5:22 An Aramaic term of contempt
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