Footnotes

1. Matthew 4:12 tn Grk “he.”
2. Matthew 4:12 sn A reference to John the Baptist.
3. Matthew 4:12 tn Or “arrested,” “taken into custody” (see L&N 37.12).
4. Matthew 4:13 tn Grk “and leaving Nazareth, he came and took up residence in Capernaum.” sn Capernaum was a town located on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee, about 680 ft (207 m) below sea level. It existed since Hasmonean times and was a major trade and economic center in the North Galilean region. The population in the first century is estimated to be around 1,500. Capernaum became the hub of operations for Jesus’ Galilean ministry (Matt 4:13; Mark 2:1). In modern times the site was discovered in 1838 by the American explorer E. Robinson, and major excavations began in 1905 by German archaeologists H. Kohl and C. Watzinger. Not until 1968, however, were remains from the time of Jesus visible; in that year V. Corbo and S. Loffreda began a series of annual archaeological campaigns that lasted until 1985. This work uncovered what is thought to be the house of Simon Peter as well as ruins of the first century synagogue beneath the later synagogue from the fourth or fifth century A.D. Today gently rolling hills and date palms frame the first century site, a favorite tourist destination of visitors to the Galilee.
5. Matthew 4:13 tn Or “by the lake.”sn By the sea refers to the Sea of Galilee.
6. Matthew 4:14 tn The redundant participle λέγοντος (legontos) has not been translated here.
7. Matthew 4:15 tn Or “road.”
8. Matthew 4:16 sn A quotation from Isa 9:1.
9. Matthew 4:17 tn Grk “to preach and to say.” The second of the two Greek infinitives (“to say”) is redundant in English and is not included in the translation.