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The Great Banquet

(Luke 14.15-24)

22 Once again Jesus used stories to teach the people:

The kingdom of heaven is like what happened when a king gave a wedding banquet for his son. The king sent some servants to tell the invited guests to come to the banquet, but the guests refused. He sent other servants to say to the guests, “The banquet is ready! My cattle and prize calves have all been prepared. Everything is ready. Come to the banquet!”

But the guests did not pay any attention. Some of them left for their farms, and some went to their places of business. Others grabbed the servants, then beat them up and killed them.

This made the king so furious that he sent an army to kill those murderers and burn down their city. Then he said to the servants, “It is time for the wedding banquet, and the invited guests don't deserve to come. Go out to the street corners and tell everyone you meet to come to the banquet.” 10 They went out on the streets and brought in everyone they could find, good and bad alike. And the banquet room was filled with guests.

11 When the king went in to meet the guests, he found that one of them wasn't wearing the right kind of clothes for the wedding. 12 The king asked, “Friend, why didn't you wear proper clothes for the wedding?” But the guest had no excuse. 13 (A) So the king gave orders for this person to be tied hand and foot and to be thrown outside into the dark. That's where people will cry and grit their teeth in pain. 14 (B) Many are invited, but only a few are chosen.

Paying Taxes

(Mark 12.13-17; Luke 20.20-26)

15 The Pharisees got together and planned how they could trick Jesus into saying something wrong. 16 They sent some of their followers and some of Herod's followers[a] to say to him, “Teacher, we know that you are honest. You teach the truth about what God wants people to do. And you treat everyone with the same respect, no matter who they are. 17 Tell us what you think! Should we pay taxes to the Emperor or not?”

18 Jesus knew their evil thoughts and said, “Why are you trying to test me? You show-offs! 19 Let me see one of the coins used for paying taxes.” They brought him a silver coin, 20 and he asked, “Whose picture and name are on it?”

21 “The Emperor's,” they answered.

Then Jesus told them, “Give the Emperor what belongs to him and give God what belongs to God.” 22 His answer surprised them so much that they walked away.

Life in the Future World

(Mark 12.18-27; Luke 20.27-40)

23 (C) The Sadducees did not believe people would rise to life after death. So that same day some of the Sadducees came to Jesus and said:

24 (D) Teacher, Moses wrote that if a married man dies and has no children, his brother should marry the widow. Their first son would then be thought of as the son of the dead brother.

25 Once there were seven brothers who lived here. The first one married, but died without having any children. So his wife was left to his brother. 26 The same thing happened to the second and third brothers and finally to all seven of them. 27 At last the woman died. 28 When God raises people from death, whose wife will this woman be? She had been married to all seven brothers.

29 Jesus answered:

You are completely wrong! You don't know what the Scriptures teach. And you don't know anything about the power of God. 30 (E) When God raises people to life, they won't marry. They will be like the angels in heaven. 31 And as for people being raised to life, God was speaking to you when he said, 32 (F) “I am the God worshiped by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”[b] He isn't the God of the dead, but of the living.

33 The crowds were surprised to hear what Jesus was teaching.

The Most Important Commandment

(Mark 12.28-34; Luke 10.25-28)

34 After Jesus had made the Sadducees look foolish, the Pharisees heard about it and got together. 35 (G) One of them was an expert in the Jewish Law. So he tried to test Jesus by asking, 36 “Teacher, what is the most important commandment in the Law?”

37 (H) Jesus answered:

Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind. 38 This is the first and most important commandment. 39 (I) The second most important commandment is like this one. And it is, “Love others as much as you love yourself.” 40 All the Law of Moses and the Books of the Prophets[c] are based on these two commandments.

About David's Son

(Mark 12.35-37; Luke 20.41-44)

41 While the Pharisees were still there, Jesus asked them, 42 “What do you think about the Messiah? Whose family will he come from?”

They answered, “He will be a son of King David.”[d]

43 Jesus replied, “How then could the Spirit lead David to call the Messiah his Lord? David said,

44 (J) ‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    Sit at my right side[e]
until I make your enemies
    into a footstool for you.’

45 If David called the Messiah his Lord, how can the Messiah be a son of King David?” 46 No one was able to give Jesus an answer, and from that day on, no one dared ask him any more questions.

Footnotes

  1. 22.16 Herod's followers: People who were political followers of the family of Herod the Great (see 2.1) and his son Herod Antipas (see 14.1), and who wanted Herod to be king in Jerusalem.
  2. 22.32 I am the God worshiped by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: Jesus argues that if God is worshiped by these three, they must still be alive, because he is the God of the living.
  3. 22.40 the Law of Moses and the Books of the Prophets: The Jewish Scriptures, that is, the Old Testament.
  4. 22.42 son of King David: See the note at 9.27.
  5. 22.44 right side: The place of power and honor.

La parabole des invités(A)

22 Jésus leur parla de nouveau au moyen de paraboles. Il leur dit : Il en est du royaume des cieux comme d’un roi qui célèbre les noces de son fils. Il envoie ses serviteurs convier les invités aux noces. Mais ceux-ci refusent de venir. Alors il envoie d’autres serviteurs pour insister de sa part auprès des invités : « Portez-leur ce message : J’ai préparé mon banquet, j’ai fait tuer mes jeunes taureaux et mes plus belles bêtes, et tout est prêt. Venez donc aux noces. »

Mais les invités restent indifférents, et s’en vont, l’un à son champ, l’autre à ses affaires. Les autres s’emparent des serviteurs, les maltraitent et les tuent.

Alors le roi se met en colère. Il envoie ses troupes exterminer ces assassins et mettre le feu à leur ville. Ensuite, il dit à ses serviteurs : « Le repas de noces est prêt, mais les invités n’en étaient pas dignes. Allez donc aux carrefours des chemins et invitez au festin tous ceux que vous trouverez. »

10 Alors les serviteurs s’en vont par les routes et rassemblent tous ceux qu’ils rencontrent, méchants et bons, de sorte que la salle des noces se remplit de monde. 11 Le roi entre pour voir l’assistance. Il aperçoit là un homme qui n’a pas d’habit de noces.

12 « Mon ami, lui demande-t-il, comment as-tu pu entrer ici sans être habillé comme il convient pour un mariage ? »

L’autre ne trouve rien à répondre.

13 Alors le roi dit aux serviteurs : « Prenez-le et jetez-le, pieds et poings liés, dans les ténèbres du dehors où il y a des pleurs et d’amers regrets. »

14 Car, beaucoup sont invités, mais les élus sont peu nombreux.

Controverse sur l’impôt dû à César(B)

15 Alors les pharisiens s’éloignèrent et discutèrent entre eux pour trouver une question à poser à Jésus, afin de le prendre au piège par ses propres paroles. 16 Ils lui envoyèrent donc quelques-uns de leurs disciples accompagnés de gens du parti d’Hérode[a]. Ces émissaires lui dirent : Maître, nous savons que tu dis la vérité et que tu enseignes en toute vérité la voie à suivre selon Dieu. Tu ne te laisses influencer par personne, car tu ne regardes pas à la position sociale des gens. 17 Dis-nous donc ce que tu penses de ceci : A-t-on, oui ou non, le droit de payer des impôts à César ?

18 Mais Jésus, connaissant leurs mauvaises intentions, leur répondit : Hypocrites ! Pourquoi me tendez-vous un piège ? 19 Montrez-moi une pièce qui sert à payer cet impôt !

Ils lui présentèrent une pièce d’argent.

20 Alors il leur demanda : Cette effigie et cette inscription, de qui sont-elles ?

21 – De César.

Jésus leur dit alors : Rendez donc à César ce qui revient à César, et à Dieu ce qui revient à Dieu.

22 En entendant cette réponse, ils en restèrent tout déconcertés. Ils le laissèrent donc et se retirèrent.

Controverse sur la résurrection(C)

23 Ce même jour, des sadducéens vinrent le trouver. Ils prétendent que les morts ne ressuscitent pas. Ils lui posèrent la question suivante : 24 Maître, Moïse a donné cet ordre : Si quelqu’un meurt sans avoir d’enfant, son frère devra épouser sa veuve, pour donner une descendance au défunt[b]. 25 Or, il y avait parmi nous sept frères. L’aîné s’est marié, et il est mort sans avoir de descendant. Il a donc laissé sa veuve à son frère. 26 Il est arrivé la même chose au deuxième frère, puis au troisième, et ainsi de suite jusqu’au septième. 27 En fin de compte, la femme est décédée elle aussi. 28 A la résurrection, duquel des sept frères sera-t-elle la femme ? Car ils l’ont tous eue pour épouse.

29 Jésus leur répondit : Vous êtes dans l’erreur, parce que vous ne connaissez pas les Ecritures, ni quelle est la puissance de Dieu. 30 En effet, une fois ressuscités, les hommes et les femmes ne se marieront plus ; ils vivront comme les anges qui sont dans le ciel. 31 Quant à la résurrection des morts, n’avez-vous donc jamais lu ce que Dieu vous a déclaré : 32 Je suis le Dieu d’Abraham, le Dieu d’Isaac, le Dieu de Jacob[c] ? Dieu n’est pas le Dieu des morts, mais le Dieu des vivants.

33 Les foules qui entendaient ses réponses étaient profondément impressionnées par son enseignement.

Le plus grand commandement(D)

34 En apprenant que Jésus avait réduit au silence les sadducéens, les pharisiens se réunirent. 35 L’un d’entre eux, un enseignant de la Loi, voulut lui tendre un piège. Il lui demanda : 36 Maître, quel est, dans la Loi, le commandement le plus grand ?

37 Jésus lui répondit : Tu aimeras le Seigneur, ton Dieu, de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme et de toute ta pensée[d]. 38 C’est là le commandement le plus grand et le plus important. 39 Et il y en a un second qui lui est semblable : Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-même[e]. 40 Tout ce qu’enseignent la Loi et les prophètes est contenu dans ces deux commandements.

Controverse sur l’identité du Messie(E)

41 Comme les pharisiens se trouvaient rassemblés là, Jésus les interrogea à son tour : 42 Quelle est votre opinion au sujet du Messie ? D’après vous, de qui descend-il ?

– De David, lui répondirent-ils.

43 – Alors, comment se fait-il que David, parlant sous l’inspiration de l’Esprit de Dieu, l’appelle Seigneur ? En effet, il déclare :

44 Le Seigneur a dit à mon Seigneur :
Viens siéger à ma droite[f]
jusqu’à ce que j’aie mistes ennemisà terre sous tes pieds[g].

45 Si donc David l’appelle son Seigneur, comment est-il possible que le Messie soit son descendant ?

46 Nul ne fut capable de lui donner un mot de réponse et, à partir de ce jour-là, personne n’osa plus lui poser de question.

Footnotes

  1. 22.16 Le parti d’Hérode comprenait les Juifs qui soutenaient le règne d’Hérode Antipas et voulaient qu’un membre de la famille hérodienne remplace le gouverneur romain.
  2. 22.24 Dt 25.5.
  3. 22.32 Ex 3.6, 15.
  4. 22.37 Dt 6.5.
  5. 22.39 Lv 19.18.
  6. 22.44 La droite du roi est la place d’honneur (Ps 45.10 ; 1 R 2.19).
  7. 22.44 Ps 110.1.

The Parable of the Wedding Banquet(A)

22 Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying: “The kingdom of heaven is like(B) a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. He sent his servants(C) to those who had been invited to the banquet to tell them to come, but they refused to come.

“Then he sent some more servants(D) and said, ‘Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.’

“But they paid no attention and went off—one to his field, another to his business. The rest seized his servants, mistreated them and killed them. The king was enraged. He sent his army and destroyed those murderers(E) and burned their city.

“Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding banquet is ready, but those I invited did not deserve to come. So go to the street corners(F) and invite to the banquet anyone you find.’ 10 So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, the bad as well as the good,(G) and the wedding hall was filled with guests.

11 “But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. 12 He asked, ‘How did you get in here without wedding clothes, friend(H)?’ The man was speechless.

13 “Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’(I)

14 “For many are invited, but few are chosen.”(J)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(K)

15 Then the Pharisees went out and laid plans to trap him in his words. 16 They sent their disciples to him along with the Herodians.(L) “Teacher,” they said, “we know that you are a man of integrity and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are. 17 Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax[a](M) to Caesar or not?”

18 But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said, “You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? 19 Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” They brought him a denarius, 20 and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

21 “Caesar’s,” they replied.

Then he said to them, “So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s,(N) and to God what is God’s.”

22 When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away.(O)

Marriage at the Resurrection(P)

23 That same day the Sadducees,(Q) who say there is no resurrection,(R) came to him with a question. 24 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses told us that if a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.(S) 25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first one married and died, and since he had no children, he left his wife to his brother. 26 The same thing happened to the second and third brother, right on down to the seventh. 27 Finally, the woman died. 28 Now then, at the resurrection, whose wife will she be of the seven, since all of them were married to her?”

29 Jesus replied, “You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures(T) or the power of God. 30 At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage;(U) they will be like the angels in heaven. 31 But about the resurrection of the dead—have you not read what God said to you, 32 ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[b]?(V) He is not the God of the dead but of the living.”

33 When the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching.(W)

The Greatest Commandment(X)

34 Hearing that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees,(Y) the Pharisees got together. 35 One of them, an expert in the law,(Z) tested him with this question: 36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”

37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’[c](AA) 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[d](AB) 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”(AC)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AD)

41 While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them, 42 “What do you think about the Messiah? Whose son is he?”

“The son of David,”(AE) they replied.

43 He said to them, “How is it then that David, speaking by the Spirit, calls him ‘Lord’? For he says,

44 “‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[e](AF)

45 If then David calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?” 46 No one could say a word in reply, and from that day on no one dared to ask him any more questions.(AG)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 22:17 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  2. Matthew 22:32 Exodus 3:6
  3. Matthew 22:37 Deut. 6:5
  4. Matthew 22:39 Lev. 19:18
  5. Matthew 22:44 Psalm 110:1