¹⁵ Then the Pharisees met together to try to think of some way to trap Jesus into saying something for which they could arrest him. ¹⁶ They decided to send some of their men along with the Herodians^[a] to ask him this question: “Sir, we know you are very honest and teach the truth regardless of the consequences, without fear or favor. ¹⁷ Now tell us, is it right to pay taxes to the Roman government or not?”

¹⁸ But Jesus saw what they were after. “You hypocrites!” he exclaimed. “Who are you trying to fool with your trick questions? ¹⁹ Here, show me a coin.” And they handed him a penny.

²⁰ “Whose picture is stamped on it?” he asked them. “And whose name is this beneath the picture?”

²¹ “Caesar’s,” they replied.

“Well, then,” he said, “give it to Caesar if it is his, and give God everything that belongs to God.”

²² His reply surprised and baffled them, and they went away.

²³ But that same day some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection after death, came to him and asked, ²⁴ “Sir, Moses said that if a man died without children, his brother should marry the widow and their children would get all the dead man’s property. ²⁵ Well, we had among us a family of seven brothers. The first of these men married and then died, without children, so his widow became the second brother’s wife. ²⁶ This brother also died without children, and the wife was passed to the next brother, and so on until she had been the wife of each of them. ²⁷ And then she also died. ²⁸ So whose wife will she be in the resurrection? For she was the wife of all seven of them!”

²⁹ But Jesus said, “Your error is caused by your ignorance of the Scriptures and of God’s power! ³⁰ For in the resurrection there is no marriage; everyone is as the angels in heaven. ³¹ But now, as to whether there is a resurrection of the dead—don’t you ever read the Scriptures? Don’t you realize that God was speaking directly to you when he said, ³² ‘I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob’? So God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”^[b]

³³ The crowds were profoundly impressed by his answers— ^34-35 but not the Pharisees! When they heard that he had routed the Sadducees with his reply, they thought up a fresh question of their own to ask him. One of them, a lawyer, spoke up: ³⁶ “Sir, which is the most important command in the laws of Moses?”

³⁷ Jesus replied, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind.’ ^38-39 This is the first and greatest commandment. The second most important is similar: ‘Love your neighbor as much as you love yourself.’ ⁴⁰ All the other commandments and all the demands of the prophets stem from these two laws and are fulfilled if you obey them. Keep only these and you will find that you are obeying all the others.”

⁴¹ Then, surrounded by the Pharisees, he asked them a question: ⁴² “What about the Messiah? Whose son is he?”

“The son of David,” they replied.

⁴³ “Then why does David, speaking under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, call him ‘Lord’?” Jesus asked. “For David said,

⁴⁴ ‘God said to my Lord, Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies beneath your feet.’

22 “If a man steals an ox or sheep and then kills or sells it, he shall pay a fine of five to one—five oxen shall be returned for each stolen ox. For sheep, the fine shall be four to one—four sheep returned for each sheep stolen.

² “If a thief is caught in the act of breaking into a house and is killed, the one who killed him is not guilty. ³ But if it happens in the daylight, it must be presumed to be murder and the man who kills him is guilty.

“If a thief is captured, he must make full restitution; if he can’t, then he must be sold as a slave for his debt.

⁴ “If he is caught in the act of stealing a live ox or donkey or sheep or whatever it is, he shall pay double value as his fine.

⁵ “If someone deliberately lets his animal loose and it gets into another man’s vineyard; or if he turns it into another man’s field to graze, he must pay for all damages by giving the owner of the field or vineyard an equal amount of the best of his own crop.

⁶ “If the field is being burned off and the fire gets out of control and goes into another field so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, are destroyed, the one who started the fire shall make full restitution.

⁷ “If someone gives money or goods to anyone to keep for him, and it is stolen, the thief shall pay double if he is found. ⁸ But if no thief is found, then the man to whom the valuables were entrusted shall be brought before God to determine whether or not he himself has stolen his neighbor’s property.

⁹ “In every case in which an ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or anything else is lost, and the owner believes he has found it in the possession of someone else who denies it, both parties to the dispute shall come before God for a decision, and the one whom God declares guilty shall pay double to the other.

¹⁰ “If a man asks his neighbor to keep a donkey, ox, sheep, or any other animal for him, and it dies, or is hurt, or gets away, and there is no eyewitness to report just what happened to it, ¹¹ then the neighbor must take an oath that he has not stolen it, and the owner must accept his word, and no restitution shall be made for it. ¹² But if the animal or property has been stolen, the neighbor caring for it must repay the owner. ¹³ If it was attacked by some wild animal, he shall bring the torn carcass to confirm the fact, and shall not be required to make restitution.

¹⁴ “If a man borrows an animal (or anything else) from a neighbor, and it is injured or killed, and the owner is not there at the time, then the man who borrowed it must pay for it. ¹⁵ But if the owner is there, he need not pay; and if it was rented, then he need not pay, because this possibility was included in the original rental fee.

¹⁶ “If a man seduces a girl who is not engaged to anyone^[a] and sleeps with her, he must pay the usual dowry and accept her as his wife. ¹⁷ But if her father utterly refuses to let her marry him, then he shall pay the money anyway.

¹⁸ “A sorceress shall be put to death.

¹⁹ “Anyone having sexual relations with an animal shall certainly be executed.

²⁰ “Anyone sacrificing to any other god than Jehovah shall be executed.^[b]

²¹ “You must not oppress a stranger in any way; remember, you yourselves were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

²² “You must not exploit widows or orphans; ²³ if you do so in any way, and they cry to me for my help, I will surely give it. ²⁴ And my anger shall flame out against you, and I will kill you with enemy armies, so that your wives will be widows and your children fatherless.

²⁵ “If you lend money to a needy fellow Hebrew, you are not to handle the transaction in an ordinary way, with interest. ²⁶ If you take his clothing as a pledge of his repayment, you must let him have it back at night. ²⁷ For it is probably his only warmth; how can he sleep without it? If you don’t return it, and he cries to me for help, I will hear and be very gracious to him at your expense,^[c] for I am very compassionate.

²⁸ “You shall not blaspheme God, nor curse government officials—your judges and your rulers.

²⁹ “You must be prompt in giving me the tithe of your crops and your wine, and the redemption payment for your oldest son.

³⁰ “As to the firstborn of the oxen and the sheep, give it to me on the eighth day, after leaving it with its mother for seven days.

³¹ “And since you yourselves are holy—my special people—do not eat any animal that has been attacked and killed by a wild animal. Leave its carcass for the dogs to eat.

23 “Do not pass along untrue reports. Do not cooperate with an evil man by affirming on the witness stand something you know is false.

^2-3 “Don’t join mobs intent on evil. When on the witness stand, don’t be swayed in your testimony by the mood of the majority present, and do not slant your testimony in favor of a man just because he is poor.

⁴ “If you come upon an enemy’s ox or donkey that has strayed away, you must take it back to its owner. ⁵ If you see your enemy trying to get his donkey onto its feet beneath a heavy load, you must not go on by but must help him.

⁶ “A man’s poverty is no excuse for twisting justice against him.

⁷ “Keep far away from falsely charging anyone with evil; never let an innocent person be put to death. I will not stand for this.^[d]

⁸ “Take no bribes, for a bribe makes you unaware of what you clearly see! A bribe hurts the cause of the person who is right.

⁹ “Do not oppress foreigners; you know what it’s like to be a foreigner; remember your own experience in the land of Egypt.

¹⁰ “Sow and reap your crops for six years, ¹¹ but let the land rest and lie fallow during the seventh year, and let the poor among the people harvest any volunteer crop that may come up; leave the rest for the animals to enjoy. The same rule applies to your vineyards and your olive groves.

¹² “Work six days only, and rest the seventh; this is to give your oxen and donkeys a rest, as well as the people of your household—your slaves and visitors.

¹³ “Be sure to obey all of these instructions; and remember—never mention the name of any other god.^[e]

¹⁴ “There are three annual religious pilgrimages you must make.^[f]

¹⁵ “The first is the Pilgrimage of Unleavened Bread, when for seven days you are not to eat bread with yeast, just as I commanded you before. This celebration is to be an annual event at the regular time in March, the month you left Egypt; everyone must bring me a sacrifice at that time. ¹⁶ Then there is the Harvest Pilgrimage, when you must bring to me the first of your crops. And, finally, the Pilgrimage of Ingathering at the end of the harvest season. ¹⁷ At these three times each year, every man in Israel shall appear before the Lord God.

¹⁸ “No sacrificial blood shall be offered with leavened bread; no sacrificial fat shall be left unoffered until the next morning.

¹⁹ “As you reap each of your crops, bring me the choicest sample of the first day’s harvest; it shall be offered to the Lord your God.^[g]

“Do not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.

²⁰ “See, I am sending an Angel before you to lead you safely to the land I have prepared for you. ²¹ Reverence him and obey all of his instructions; do not rebel against him, for he will not pardon your transgression; he is my representative—he bears my name.^{[h] 22} But if you are careful to obey him, following all my instructions, then I will be an enemy to your enemies. ²³ For my Angel shall go before you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, to live there. And I will destroy those people before you.

²⁴ “You must not worship the gods of these other nations, nor sacrifice to them in any way, and you must not follow the evil example of these heathen people; you must utterly conquer them and break down their shameful idols.

²⁵ “You shall serve the Lord your God only; then I will bless you with food and with water, and I will take away sickness from among you. ²⁶ There will be no miscarriages nor barrenness throughout your land, and you will live out the full quota of the days of your life.

²⁷ “The terror of the Lord shall fall upon all the people whose land you invade, and they will flee before you; ²⁸ and I will send hornets to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites from before you. ²⁹ I will not do it all in one year, for the land would become a wilderness, and the wild animals would become too many to control. ³⁰ But I will drive them out a little at a time, until your population has increased enough to fill the land. ³¹ And I will set your enlarged boundaries from the Red Sea to the Philistine coast, and from the southern deserts as far as the Euphrates River; and I will cause you to defeat the people now living in the land, and you will drive them out ahead of you.

³² “You must make no covenant with them, nor have anything to do with their gods. ³³ Don’t let them live among you! For I know that they will infect you with their sin of worshiping false gods, and that would be an utter disaster to you.”