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39 [a](A)They seized him, threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him.

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Footnotes

  1. 21:39 Threw him out…and killed him: the change in the Marcan order where the son is killed and his corpse then thrown out (Mk 12:8) was probably made because of the tradition that Jesus died outside the city of Jerusalem; see Jn 19:17; Hb 13:12.

So they seized him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

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15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.[a] What will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

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Footnotes

  1. 20:15 They threw him out of the vineyard and killed him: cf. Mk 12:8. Luke has altered his Marcan source and reports that the murder of the son takes place outside the vineyard to reflect the tradition of Jesus’ death outside the walls of the city of Jerusalem (see Hb 13:12).

17 (A)and carrying the cross himself[a] he went out to what is called the Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha.

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Footnotes

  1. 19:17 Carrying the cross himself: a different picture from that of the synoptics, especially Lk 23:26, where Simon of Cyrene is made to carry the cross, walking behind Jesus. In John’s theology, Jesus remained in complete control and master of his destiny (cf. Jn 10:18). Place of the Skull: the Latin word for skull is Calvaria; hence “Calvary.” Golgotha is actually an Aramaic rather than a Hebrew word.