The Pharisees and Sadducees Seek a Sign(A)

16 Then the (B)Pharisees and Sadducees came, and testing Him asked that He would show them a sign from heaven. He answered and said to them, “When it is evening you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red’; and in the morning, ‘It will be foul weather today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ [a]Hypocrites! You know how to discern the face of the sky, but you cannot discern the signs of the times. (C)A wicked and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign shall be given to it except the sign of [b]the prophet Jonah.” And He left them and departed.

The Leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees(D)

Now (E)when His disciples had come to the other side, they had forgotten to take bread. Then Jesus said to them, (F)“Take heed and beware of the [c]leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.”

And they reasoned among themselves, saying, “It is because we have taken no bread.”

But Jesus, being aware of it, said to them, “O you of little faith, why do you reason among yourselves because you [d]have brought no bread? (G)Do you not yet understand, or remember the five loaves of the five thousand and how many baskets you took up? 10 (H)Nor the seven loaves of the four thousand and how many large baskets you took up? 11 How is it you do not understand that I did not speak to you concerning bread?—but to beware of the [e]leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” 12 Then they understood that He did not tell them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the [f]doctrine of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ(I)

13 When Jesus came into the region of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His disciples, saying, (J)“Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?”

14 So they said, (K)“Some say John the Baptist, some Elijah, and others Jeremiah or (L)one of the prophets.”

15 He said to them, “But who do (M)you say that I am?”

16 Simon Peter answered and said, (N)“You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

17 Jesus answered and said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, (O)for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but (P)My Father who is in heaven. 18 And I also say to you that (Q)you are Peter, and (R)on this rock I will build My church, and (S)the gates of Hades shall not [g]prevail against it. 19 (T)And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth [h]will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”

20 (U)Then He commanded His disciples that they should tell no one that He was Jesus the Christ.

Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection(V)

21 From that time Jesus began (W)to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day.

22 Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, [i]“Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You!”

23 But He turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, (X)Satan! (Y)You are [j]an offense to Me, for you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men.”

Take Up the Cross and Follow Him(Z)

24 (AA)Then Jesus said to His disciples, “If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and (AB)follow Me. 25 For (AC)whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. 26 For what (AD)profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? Or (AE)what will a man give in exchange for his soul? 27 For (AF)the Son of Man will come in the glory of His Father (AG)with His angels, (AH)and then He will reward each according to his works. 28 Assuredly, I say to you, (AI)there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 16:3 NU omits Hypocrites
  2. Matthew 16:4 NU omits the prophet
  3. Matthew 16:6 yeast
  4. Matthew 16:8 NU have no bread
  5. Matthew 16:11 yeast
  6. Matthew 16:12 teaching
  7. Matthew 16:18 be victorious
  8. Matthew 16:19 Or will have been bound . . . will have been loosed
  9. Matthew 16:22 Lit. Merciful to You (May God be merciful)
  10. Matthew 16:23 a stumbling block

De religiøse ledere nægter at tro på Jesus som Messias(A)

16 Farisæerne og saddukæerne opsøgte nu Jesus for at stille ham på prøve. De bad ham om at gøre et mirakel som tegn på, at han virkelig var kommet fra Gud. Jesus svarede: „Om aftenen siger I: ‚Det bliver fint vejr i morgen, for himlen er rød.’ Og om morgenen siger I: ‚Det bliver stormvejr i dag, for himlen er både rød og mørk.’ Hvordan vejret bliver, kan I aflæse på himlen—men tidens tegn kan I ikke tyde! Visse mennesker er onde og vantro. De forlanger tegn og undere, før de vil tro. Men de får ikke andet tegn end Jonastegnet.” Så vendte Jesus dem ryggen og sejlede ud på søen igen sammen med sine disciple.

Advarsel mod at følge de religiøse lederes eksempel(B)

Da de var landet på den anden side af søen, kom disciplene i tanke om, at de havde glemt at tage brød med.

„Vær på vagt over for den surdej, der kommer fra farisæerne og saddukæerne,” sagde Jesus. Disciplene snakkede sammen om, at det nok var, fordi de havde glemt at tage brød med.

Jesus var godt klar over, hvad de hviskede sammen om. „Hvor er jeres tro dog lille!” sagde han. „Hvorfor snakker I om, at I ikke har brød med? Har I stadig ingenting forstået? Har I helt glemt de 5000 mennesker, som jeg bespiste med fem brød? Og alle de kurve fulde af brødrester, der blev tilovers? 10 Eller de syv brød til de 4000 og alle de kurve med mad, der blev tilovers? 11 Hvordan kan I så tro, at jeg tænker på, om vi har brød nok? Nej, I skal være på vagt over for farisæernes og saddukæernes surdej.” 12 Så gik det op for dem, at det ikke var den bogstavelige surdej, han advarede dem imod, men farisæernes og saddukæernes lære.

Peters åbenbaring om Jesus som Messias(C)

13 Jesus og disciplene gik nu nordpå til det distrikt, hvor byen Cæsarea Filippi ligger. Så spurgte han dem: „Hvem siger folk, at Menneskesønnen er?”

14 „Nogle siger, at du er Johannes Døber, der er kommet tilbage fra de døde,” svarede de. „Andre siger, at du er Elias eller Jeremias eller en anden af profeterne, der er genopstået.”

15 „Og hvad siger I? Hvem tror I, at jeg er?”

16 Simon Peter svarede: „Du er Messias, Guds egen Søn!”

17 „Simon, Jonas’ søn, du er en velsignet mand,” sagde Jesus, „for det har du ikke fra mennesker, men min Far i Himlen har åbenbaret det for dig! 18 Derfor siger jeg til dig: Du skal hedde Peter,[a] og på den klippegrund vil jeg bygge min menighed. Djævelen[b] vil aldrig kunne få magten over den. 19 Jeg vil give dig autoritet i Guds rige. Det, du sætter en stopper for på jorden, er der sat en stopper for i Himlen, og det, du åbner op for på jorden, er der åbnet op for i Himlen.”[c]

20 Derefter advarede han disciplene imod at fortælle nogen, at han var Messias.[d]

Messias som den lidende Frelser(D)

21 Fra da af begyndte Jesus at sige lige ud til sine disciple, at han var nødt til at tage til Jerusalem, at ypperstepræsterne, de skriftlærde og de øvrige jødiske ledere ville udsætte ham for store lidelser, når han kom derhen, at han ville blive slået ihjel, og at han på den tredje dag[e] ville blive oprejst fra de døde.

22 Da trak Peter ham til side og prøvede at tale ham fra det. „Gud vil beskytte dig, Herre,” sagde han. „Det vil aldrig ske for dig.”

23 Men Jesus vendte ryggen til ham og sagde: „Gå væk fra mig, Satan! Du frister mig! Du forstår ikke, hvad der er Guds vilje, men ser det kun fra et menneskeligt synspunkt.”

Det koster dyrt at følge Guds vilje(E)

24 Så sagde Jesus til dem, som fulgte ham: „De, der ønsker at være mine disciple, skal lægge alt deres eget til side og følge mig, også selv om det koster livet.[f] 25 De, der klamrer sig til det jordiske liv, vil miste det himmelske. Men de, der sætter livet til for min skyld, vil få det evige liv. 26 Hvad gavner det et menneske at vinde hele verden, hvis sjælen går fortabt? Findes der noget, der er mere værd end et menneskes sjæl? 27 En dag vil Menneskesønnen komme i sin Fars herlighed sammen med sine engle, og da vil han dømme ethvert menneske efter dets handlinger.”

28 Jesus fortsatte: „Det siger jeg jer: Nogle af jer, der står her, skal ikke dø, før I har set Menneskesønnen komme med sit herredømme!”

Footnotes

  1. 16,18 På græsk er der et ordspil mellem navnet Petros og ordet for klippegrund, som er petra. Det var almindeligt at bygge en fæstning på toppen af en klippe, og en sådan fæstning var nærmest uindtagelig. Jesus tænker specielt på billedet med at bygge sit liv på klippegrund, dvs. at høre Guds stemme og handle derefter, jf. Matt. 7,15-27 og noten til 7,25.
  2. 16,18 Teksten siger ordret „dødsrigets porte”. Datidens byråd samledes i byporten til rådslagning og planlægning. Dødsriget hentyder her sikkert til Djævelen og hans dæmoner. På trods af alle Djævelens snigløb og onde anslag, vil han ikke kunne besejre den sande Guds menighed, som er bygget på Abrahams klippegrund, der betegner lydighed og tro.
  3. 16,19 Mere ordret står der: „Hvad du binder på jorden, vil være blevet bundet i Himlen, og hvad du løser på jorden, vil være blevet løst i Himlen.” Ordene „binde” og „løse” finder vi i den hebraiske tekst i Es. 22,22. At „løse” betyder på hebraisk at give tilladelse til eller give frihed til at gøre. At „binde” er det modsatte, nemlig at forbyde noget eller sætte en stopper for noget. For eksempel kan en mor sige til sit barn: „Køleskabet er bundet” i betydningen: „Du har ikke lov til at åbne det eller tage noget fra det.” Siger man „køleskabet er løst” betyder det tilsvarende, at der er fri adgang. Ordene blev ofte brugt, når rabbinerne skulle afgøre, om noget var tilladt eller forbudt ifølge Toraen. Der er altså tale om autoritative beslutninger i den nye menighed. ApG. 15 har et kendt eksempel på den slags beslutninger.
  4. 16,20 Det skyldtes nok, at folk havde de forkerte, politiske forventninger knyttet til navnet Messias, og Jesus ønskede ikke at blive tvunget til at være nogen politisk frelser. Efter at Jesus var død og genopstået, skulle disciplene netop forkynde Jesus som Messias, men i den åndelige betydning.
  5. 16,21 Selv om det ville være mere klart på dansk at oversætte „på den tredje dag” med „to dage efter”, har vi valgt at fastholde „den tredje dag”. Hvis fredag er den første dag, vil søndag være den tredje dag.
  6. 16,24 Mere ordret: „tage sit kors op.” Se noten til Matt. 10,38.

The Demand for a Sign(A)

16 The Pharisees and Sadducees(B) came to Jesus and tested him by asking him to show them a sign from heaven.(C)

He replied, “When evening comes, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red,’ and in the morning, ‘Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast.’ You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times.[a](D) A wicked and adulterous generation looks for a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.”(E) Jesus then left them and went away.

The Yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees

When they went across the lake, the disciples forgot to take bread. “Be careful,” Jesus said to them. “Be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”(F)

They discussed this among themselves and said, “It is because we didn’t bring any bread.”

Aware of their discussion, Jesus asked, “You of little faith,(G) why are you talking among yourselves about having no bread? Do you still not understand? Don’t you remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered?(H) 10 Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many basketfuls you gathered?(I) 11 How is it you don’t understand that I was not talking to you about bread? But be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” 12 Then they understood that he was not telling them to guard against the yeast used in bread, but against the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.(J)

Peter Declares That Jesus Is the Messiah(K)

13 When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”

14 They replied, “Some say John the Baptist;(L) others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”(M)

15 “But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?”

16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.”(N)

17 Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood,(O) but by my Father in heaven.(P) 18 And I tell you that you are Peter,[b](Q) and on this rock I will build my church,(R) and the gates of Hades[c] will not overcome it. 19 I will give you the keys(S) of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be[d] bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be[e] loosed in heaven.”(T) 20 Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone(U) that he was the Messiah.

Jesus Predicts His Death(V)

21 From that time on Jesus began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem(W) and suffer many things(X) at the hands of the elders, the chief priests and the teachers of the law,(Y) and that he must be killed(Z) and on the third day(AA) be raised to life.(AB)

22 Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. “Never, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to you!”

23 Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan!(AC) You are a stumbling block to me; you do not have in mind the concerns of God, but merely human concerns.”

24 Then Jesus said to his disciples, “Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me.(AD) 25 For whoever wants to save their life[f] will lose it, but whoever loses their life for me will find it.(AE) 26 What good will it be for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their soul? Or what can anyone give in exchange for their soul? 27 For the Son of Man(AF) is going to come(AG) in his Father’s glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what they have done.(AH)

28 “Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 16:3 Some early manuscripts do not have When evening comes … of the times.
  2. Matthew 16:18 The Greek word for Peter means rock.
  3. Matthew 16:18 That is, the realm of the dead
  4. Matthew 16:19 Or will have been
  5. Matthew 16:19 Or will have been
  6. Matthew 16:25 The Greek word means either life or soul; also in verse 26.