Hypocrisy Exposed

23 (A)Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to His disciples, saying: (B)The scribes and the Pharisees have seated themselves in the chair of Moses. Therefore, whatever they tell you, do and [a]comply with it all, but do not do [b]as they do; for they say things and do not do them. And (C)they tie up heavy burdens and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they themselves are unwilling to move them with so much as their finger. And they do all their deeds (D)to be noticed by other people; for they (E)broaden their [c]phylacteries and lengthen (F)the tassels of their garments. And they (G)love the place of honor at banquets, and the seats of honor in the synagogues, and personal greetings in the marketplaces, and being called [d](H)Rabbi by the people. But as for you, (I)do not be called [e](J)Rabbi; for only One is your Teacher, and you are all brothers and sisters. And do not call anyone on earth your father; for only (K)One is your Father, He who is in heaven. 10 And do not be called [f]leaders; for only One is your Leader, that is, Christ. 11 (L)But the greatest of you shall be your servant. 12 (M)Whoever exalts himself shall be humbled, and whoever humbles himself shall be exalted.

Eight Woes

13 (N)But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, (O)because you shut the kingdom of heaven in front of people; for you do not enter it yourselves, nor do you allow those who are entering to go in.[g]

15 “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you travel around on sea and land to make one [h](P)proselyte; and when he becomes one, you [i]make him twice as much a son of [j](Q)hell as yourselves.

16 “Woe to you, (R)blind guides, who say, ‘(S)Whoever swears by the [k]temple, that is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the [l]temple is obligated.’ 17 You fools and blind men! (T)Which is [m]more important, the gold or the [n]temple that sanctified the gold? 18 And you say, ‘Whoever swears by the altar, that is nothing; but whoever swears by the [o]offering that is on it is obligated.’ 19 You blind men, (U)which is [p]more important, the [q]offering or the altar that sanctifies the [r]offering? 20 Therefore, the one who swears by the altar, swears both by [s]the altar and by everything on it. 21 And the one who swears by the [t]temple, swears both by [u]the temple and by Him who (V)dwells in it. 22 And the one who swears by [v]heaven, (W)swears both by the throne of God and by Him who sits upon it.

23 (X)Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and [w]cumin, and have neglected the weightier provisions of the Law: justice and mercy and faithfulness; but these are the things you should have done without neglecting the others. 24 You (Y)blind guides, who [x]strain out a gnat and swallow a camel!

25 “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For (Z)you clean the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside they are full [y]of robbery and self-indulgence. 26 You blind Pharisee, first (AA)clean the inside of the cup and of the dish, so that the [z]outside of it may also become clean.

27 (AB)Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which on the outside appear beautiful, but inside they are full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness. 28 So you too, outwardly appear righteous to people, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.

29 (AC)Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs for the prophets and decorate the monuments of the righteous, 30 and you say, ‘If we had been living in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partners with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31 So you testify against yourselves, that you (AD)are [aa]sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32 [ab]Fill up, then, the measure of the guilt of your fathers. 33 You snakes, (AE)you [ac]offspring of vipers, how [ad]will you escape the [ae]sentence of [af](AF)hell?

34 (AG)Therefore, behold, (AH)I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes; some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will (AI)flog in your synagogues, and (AJ)persecute from city to city, 35 so that upon you will fall the guilt of all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous (AK)Abel to the blood of Zechariah, the (AL)son of Berechiah, whom (AM)you murdered between the [ag]temple and the altar. 36 Truly I say to you, all these things will come upon (AN)this generation.

Grieving over Jerusalem

37 (AO)Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who (AP)kills the prophets and stones those who have been sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, (AQ)the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were unwilling. 38 Behold, (AR)your house is being left to you desolate! 39 For I say to you, from now on you will not see Me until you say, ‘(AS)Blessed is the One who comes in the name of the Lord!’”

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:3 Lit keep all
  2. Matthew 23:3 Lit according to their deeds
  3. Matthew 23:5 I.e., small pouches containing Scripture texts, worn on the left forearm and forehead for religious purposes
  4. Matthew 23:7 In Heb “My Teacher” or “My Master”
  5. Matthew 23:8 In Heb “My Teacher” or “My Master”
  6. Matthew 23:10 Or teachers
  7. Matthew 23:13 Late mss add (traditionally v 14): Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you devour widows’ houses even while for appearances’ sake you make long prayers; therefore you will receive greater condemnation (as v 14); cf. Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47
  8. Matthew 23:15 Or convert
  9. Matthew 23:15 I.e., doom him to hell
  10. Matthew 23:15 Gr Gehenna
  11. Matthew 23:16 Or sanctuary
  12. Matthew 23:16 Or sanctuary
  13. Matthew 23:17 Lit greater
  14. Matthew 23:17 Or sanctuary
  15. Matthew 23:18 Or gift
  16. Matthew 23:19 Lit greater
  17. Matthew 23:19 Or gift
  18. Matthew 23:19 Or gift
  19. Matthew 23:20 Lit it
  20. Matthew 23:21 Or sanctuary
  21. Matthew 23:21 Lit it
  22. Matthew 23:22 I.e., an indirect reference to God
  23. Matthew 23:23 Similar to caraway seeds
  24. Matthew 23:24 Or filter out
  25. Matthew 23:25 Or as a result of
  26. Matthew 23:26 If the inside was ritually unclean, the entire vessel was unclean whether the outside was cleaned or not (cf. Num 19:15)
  27. Matthew 23:31 Or descendants
  28. Matthew 23:32 I.e., finish what they started
  29. Matthew 23:33 Or brood
  30. Matthew 23:33 Lit are you to escape
  31. Matthew 23:33 Or judgment
  32. Matthew 23:33 Gr Gehenna
  33. Matthew 23:35 Or sanctuary

Jesus Tells The Crowds: Do Not Act Like The Scribes And Pharisees

23 Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to His disciples, saying— “The scribes and the Pharisees sat-down[a] on the seat of Moses. Therefore, do and be keeping all that they tell you. But do not be acting[b] in accordance with their works. For they say things and do not do them. And they bind-up heavy and hard-to-bear burdens[c] and lay them on the shoulders of people. But they are not willing to move[d] them with their finger. And they do all their works so-as to be seen by people. For they widen their phylacteries[e] and lengthen their tassels[f]. And they love the place-of-honor[g] at the banquets, and the seats-of-honor[h] in the synagogues, and the greetings in the marketplaces, and to be called ‘Rabbi’[i] by people. But you— do not be called[j] ‘Rabbi’. For One is your Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not call[k] one on earth your father. For One is your Father— the heavenly One. 10 Nor be called master-teachers[l], because your master-teacher is One— the Christ. 11 But the greater[m] of you shall be your servant. 12 And whoever will exalt himself will be humbled, and whoever will humble himself will be exalted.

Woe To You, Scribes And Pharisees. You Are Blind Guides. How Will You Escape Hell?

13 “But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are shutting the kingdom of the heavens in-front-of [n] people. For you are not entering, nor are you permitting the ones entering to enter. 14 [o] 15 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you go-around the sea and the dry land to make one proselyte. And when he becomes one, you make him a son of Gehenna[p] double-more than you. 16 Woe to you, blind guides— the ones saying, ‘Whoever swears-an-oath by the temple, it is nothing. But whoever swears-an-oath by the gold of the temple, he is obligated’. 17 Foolish and blind ones! For which is greater, the gold, or the temple having sanctified[q] the gold? 18 And, ‘Whoever swears-an-oath by the altar, it is nothing. But whoever swears-an-oath by the gift[r] on it, he is obligated’. 19 Blind ones! For which is greater, the gift, or the altar sanctifying the gift? 20 Therefore, the one having sworn by the altar is swearing by it and by all the things on it. 21 And the one having sworn by the temple is swearing by it and by the One dwelling-in[s] it. 22 And the one having sworn by heaven is swearing by the throne of God and by the One sitting on it. 23 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are giving-a-tenth-of the mint and the dill and the cummin, and you neglected[t] the weightier things of the Law— the justice, and the mercy, and the faithfulness[u]. But you ought-to-have done these things, and not be neglecting those things. 24 Blind guides— the ones straining-out[v] the gnat, but swallowing[w] the camel! 25 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inside they are full from[x] [your] plundering and self-indulgence. 26 Blind Pharisee— first cleanse the inside of the cup, in order that the outside of it may also become clean! 27 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you are similar to burial-places having been whitewashed[y], which outside appear beautiful, but inside are full of bones of dead ones and all impurity! 28 So also you outside appear righteous to people— but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness! 29 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you build the burial-places of the prophets and adorn[z] the tombs of the righteous ones, 30 and say, ‘If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been their partners in the blood of the prophets’. 31 So then, you are testifying concerning yourselves that you are sons[aa] of the ones having murdered the prophets. 32 And you— fill-up[ab] the measure of your fathers! 33 Snakes, brood of vipers, how may you escape from the condemnation of [ac] Gehenna?

God Will Avenge The Blood of All The Righteous On You. Your House Is Left Desolate

34 “For this reason behold, I am sending-forth prophets and wise ones and scribes[ad] to you— some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will whip in your synagogues and persecute from city to city— 35 so that all the righteous blood being shed on the earth[ae] may come upon you[af]: from the blood of Abel[ag] the righteous one, up to the blood of Zechariah, son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 36 Truly I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation. 37 Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one killing the prophets and stoning the ones having been sent-forth to her. How often I wanted to gather together your children the way a hen gathers together her chicks under her wings, and you did not want it. 38 Behold— your house is being left to you desolate[ah]. 39 For I say to you, you will by no means see Me[ai] from now on until you say, ‘Blessed is the One coming in the name of the Lord’”.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 23:2 That is, they took their seat as teachers of the Law.
  2. Matthew 23:3 Lit, doing. That is, Do what they teach you from the Law, but do not be doing what they do.
  3. Matthew 23:4 Jesus is referring to their traditions, their man-made rules of conduct.
  4. Matthew 23:4 That is, to help those carrying them; or, to carry them themselves.
  5. Matthew 23:5 That is, the small leather boxes worn on the forehead and arm, containing Ex 13:1-10, 11-16; Deut 6:4-9; 11:13-21. This symbolized guarding oneself to keep the commandments, in literal obedience to Ex 13:9, 16; Deut 6:8; 11:18. But the Pharisees made them bigger for show.
  6. Matthew 23:5 That is, the tassels the Jews wore on the four corners of their garments in obedience to Num 15:38-41. Jesus Himself wore them, Mt 9:20; 14:36. But they lengthened them for show.
  7. Matthew 23:6 Lit, the first reclining place (they reclined to eat); the foremost place to eat.
  8. Matthew 23:6 Lit, first seats, foremost seats.
  9. Matthew 23:7 Or, Teacher.
  10. Matthew 23:8 Do not accept the title of ‘teacher’, elevating you above your brothers and sisters. God is your teacher.
  11. Matthew 23:9 Do not give out such honor to others by calling them ‘father’.
  12. Matthew 23:10 That is, the honored teaching expert who leads the way in a thing.
  13. Matthew 23:11 Or, greatest.
  14. Matthew 23:13 You pull the door shut from the outside before they can enter.
  15. Matthew 23:14 Some manuscripts have here, ‘And woe to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you devour the houses of the widows, and are praying long for a pretense. Because of this, you will receive a greater condemnation’.
  16. Matthew 23:15 That is, hell. You make converts to Phariseeism, not to God.
  17. Matthew 23:17 Or, consecrated, made holy.
  18. Matthew 23:18 That is, the sacrificial offering.
  19. Matthew 23:21 Or, inhabiting. God dwelled in this temple in the same way as in all the earth, not in a local sense, as said in Act 7:48; 17:24. Yet He also dwelled in it as the place where He chose to be worshiped by His people Israel in accordance with the Law He gave them.
  20. Matthew 23:23 Or, let go, left behind.
  21. Matthew 23:23 That is, fidelity, being trustworthy. Or, faith.
  22. Matthew 23:24 Or, filtering.
  23. Matthew 23:24 Gnats and camels were both unclean under the Law of Moses. Jesus does not fault the Pharisees for their over-attention to micro-matters (they actually filtered the gnats out of their drinks), but for their under-attention to the big issues (they figuratively swallowed camels).
  24. Matthew 23:25 Or, of. The cup is full with the things resulting from your greedy and self-indulgent actions.
  25. Matthew 23:27 A month before Passover, burial places were whitewashed to prevent pilgrims from accidentally coming in contact with them and becoming ceremonially unclean.
  26. Matthew 23:29 Or, decorate, put in order.
  27. Matthew 23:31 That is, you share the traits of your fathers who murdered the prophets. Compare Lk 11:48.
  28. Matthew 23:32 This is a command. Do what is in your hearts! Do what your fathers did!
  29. Matthew 23:33 That is, consisting of. The sentence consisting of hell.
  30. Matthew 23:34 Jesus is referring to the apostles and others whom He will send after His death.
  31. Matthew 23:35 Or, land.
  32. Matthew 23:35 That is, so that the bloodguilt of your fathers may be avenged upon you as you repeat their crimes on those I send.
  33. Matthew 23:35 Abel to Zechariah. That is, from the first recorded murder in the OT to the last (in the Hebrew order of books).
  34. Matthew 23:38 Or, deserted, empty.
  35. Matthew 23:39 That is, as Messiah, son of God. These words represent the end of the public ministry of Jesus to Israel.