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Matthew 22
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22 Once kai again palin · ho Jesus Iēsous spoke legō to them autos in en parables parabolē, saying legō: 2 “ The ho kingdom basileia of ho heaven ouranos is like homoioō a king basileus who hostis prepared poieō a wedding feast gamos for ho his autos son hyios 3 and kai sent apostellō · ho his autos servants to call kaleō those ho who had been invited kaleō to eis the ho feast gamos; but kai they would thelō not ou come erchomai. 4 Then palin he sent apostellō other allos servants, saying legō, ‘ Tell legō those ho who have been invited kaleō, “ See idou, I have prepared hetoimazō · ho my egō banquet ariston, · ho my egō oxen tauros and kai · ho fattened calves sitistos have been slaughtered thuō, and kai everything pas is ready hetoimos. Come deute to eis the ho wedding feast gamos.”’ 5 But de they ho paid ameleō no attention and went aperchomai on their way , one hos men to eis · ho his idios farm agros, another hos de to epi · ho his autos business emporia, 6 while de the ho rest loipos seized krateō · ho his autos servants, treated hybrizō them shamefully , and kai killed apokteinō them. 7 The ho · de king basileus was furious orgizō! · kai He sent pempō · ho his autos troops strateuma and destroyed apollymi · ho those ekeinos murderers phoneus and kai burned · ho their autos city polis to the ground. 8 Then tote he said legō to ho his autos servants, ‘ The ho wedding feast gamos is eimi ready hetoimos, but de those ho who were invited kaleō were eimi not ou worthy axios. 9 Go poreuō therefore oun to epi the ho busy diexodos · ho intersections hodos and kai invite kaleō everyone hosos ean you can find heuriskō to eis the ho wedding feast gamos.’ 10 So kai those ekeinos servants went exerchomai out · ho into eis the ho streets hodos and gathered synagō everyone pas hos they could find heuriskō, rogues ponēros as well as te honorable agathos men ; and kai the ho wedding hall gamos was packed pimplēmi with guests anakeimai. 11 But de when the ho king basileus came eiserchomai in to see theaomai the ho guests anakeimai, he noticed a man anthrōpos there ekei who was not ou wearing endyō a wedding gamos garment endyma. 12 And kai he said legō to him autos, ‘ Friend hetairos, how pōs did you get eiserchomai in here hōde without mē echō a wedding gamos garment endyma?’ And de the ho man was speechless phimoō. 13 Then tote the ho king basileus said legō to his ho assistants diakonos, ‘ Bind deō him autos foot pous and kai hand cheir and throw ekballō him autos out into eis · ho outer exōteros darkness skotos, · ho where ekei there will be eimi · ho weeping klauthmos and kai · ho gnashing brygmos of ho teeth odous.’ 14 For gar many polys are eimi called klētos, but de few oligos are chosen eklektos.”

15 Then tote the ho Pharisees Pharisaios went poreuō out and plotted symboulion lambanō how hopōs they could trap pagideuō him autos in en what he said logos. 16 And kai they sent apostellō their autos disciples mathētēs to him autos · ho along with meta the ho Herodians hērōidianoi, saying legō, “ Teacher didaskalos, we know oida that hoti you are eimi true alēthēs and kai teach didaskō the ho way hodos of ho God theos in en truth alētheia, and kai show deference melei to peri no oudeis one , for gar you are not ou swayed blepō by eis appearances prosōpon anthrōpos. 17 So oun tell legō us hēmeis, what tis do you sy think dokeō? Is it proper to pay didōmi a tax kēnsos to Caesar Kaisar or ē not ou?” 18 But de Jesus Iēsous, perceiving ginōskō · ho · ho their autos evil ponēria intent , said legō, “ Why tis are you testing peirazō me egō, you hypocrites hypokritēs? 19 Show epideiknymi me egō the ho coin nomisma used for the ho tax kēnsos.” So de they ho brought prospherō him autos a denarius dēnarion. 20 And kai Jesus said legō to them autos, “ Whose tis · ho image eikōn is this houtos, and kai whose · ho inscription epigraphē?” 21 They answered legō him autos, “Caesar’ s Kaisar.” Then tote he said legō to them autos, “ Render apodidōmi therefore oun to Caesar Kaisar the ho things that are Caesar’ s Kaisar, and kai to ho God theos the ho things that are · ho God’ s theos.” 22 · kai When they heard akouō this they were astonished thaumazō, so kai they left aphiēmi him autos and went aperchomai away .

23 On en that ekeinos · ho day hēmera the Sadducees Saddoukaios who say legō there is eimi no mē resurrection anastasis came proserchomai to him autos and kai posed eperōtaō a question . 24 They said legō, “ Teacher didaskalos, Moses Mōysēs said legō, ‘ If ean a man tis dies apothnēskō having echō no mē children teknon, his autos brother adelphos must marry epigambreuō · ho · ho his autos widow gynē and kai raise anistēmi up children sperma for ho his autos brother adelphos.’ 25 Now de there were eimi seven hepta brothers adelphos among para us hēmeis; · kai the ho first prōtos one married gameō and died teleutaō, and kai since he had echō no mē children sperma, he left aphiēmi · ho his autos wife gynē to ho his autos brother adelphos. 26 So homoiōs also kai the ho second deuteros and kai the ho third tritos, and so on to heōs the ho seventh hepta. 27 Finally hysteros, · de the ho woman gynē died apothnēskō as well pas. 28 Therefore oun in en the ho resurrection anastasis, whose tis wife gynē of the ho seven hepta will she be eimi? For gar they all pas had echō married her autos.” 29 Jesus Iēsous answered apokrinomai · de · ho them autos, saying legō, “ You are mistaken planaō, because you know oida neither mē the ho Scriptures graphē nor mēde the ho power dynamis of ho God theos. 30 For gar in en the ho resurrection anastasis they will neither oute marry gameō nor oute be given in marriage gamizō, but alla will be eimi like hōs the angels angelos in en · ho heaven ouranos. 31 But de concerning peri the ho resurrection anastasis of the ho dead nekros, have you not ou read anaginōskō what ho was spoken legō to you hymeis by hypo · ho God theos: 32 ‘ I egō am eimi the ho God theos of Abraham Abraam and kai the ho God theos of Isaac Isaak and kai the ho God theos of Jacob Iakōb’? He is eimi not ou the ho God theos of the dead nekros but alla of the living zaō.” 33 And kai when the ho crowd ochlos heard akouō this, they were astounded ekplēssō at epi · ho his autos teaching didachē.

34 Now de when the ho Pharisees Pharisaios heard akouō that hoti he had silenced phimoō the ho Sadducees Saddoukaios, they met synagō together epi ho · ho 35 and kai one heis of ek them autos, an expert nomikos in the law , wanted to test peirazō him autos, and asked eperōtaō, 36 “ Teacher didaskalos, which poios is the greatest megas commandment entolē in en the ho law nomos?” 37 And de he ho said phēmi to him autos, “‘ You shall love agapaō the Lord kyrios · ho your sy God theos with en all holos · ho your sy heart kardia, · kai with en all holos · ho your sy soul psychē, and kai with en all holos · ho your sy mind dianoia.’ 38 This houtos is eimi the ho greatest megas and kai first prōtos commandment entolē. 39 And de a second deuteros is like homoios it autos, ‘ You shall love agapaō · ho your sy neighbor plēsion as hōs yourself seautou.’ 40 On en these houtos · ho two dyo commandments entolē depends kremannymi the ho whole holos Law nomos and kai the ho Prophets prophētēs.”

41 Now de while the ho Pharisees Pharisaios were assembled synagō, Jesus Iēsous put eperōtaō this question to them autos: · ho 42 “ What tis do you hymeis think dokeō about peri the ho Messiah Christos? Whose tis son hyios is eimi he ?” They said legō to him autos, · ho “David’ s Dauid.” 43 He said legō to them autos, “ How pōs then oun does David Dauid in en the Spirit pneuma call kaleō him autos ‘ Lord kyrios,’ saying legō, 44 ‘The Lord kyrios said legō to ho my egō Lord kyrios, “ Sit kathēmai at ek my egō right dexios hand until heōs an I put tithēmi · ho your sy enemies echthros under hypokatō · ho your sy feet pous”’? 45 If ei therefore oun David Dauid calls kaleō him autos ‘ Lord kyrios,’ how pōs can he be eimi his autos son hyios?” 46 And kai no oudeis one was able dynamai to answer apokrinomai him autos a word logos, nor oude did anyone tis dare tolmaō to question eperōtaō him autos any more ouketi from apo that ekeinos · ho day hēmera on.

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Matthew 22
New English Translation

The Parable of the Wedding Banquet

22 Jesus spoke[a] to them again in parables, saying: 2 “The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son. 3 He sent his slaves[b] to summon those who had been invited to the banquet, but they would not come. 4 Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Look! The feast I have prepared for you is ready.[c] My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.”’ 5 But they were indifferent and went away, one to his farm, another to his business. 6 The[d] rest seized his slaves, insolently mistreated them, and killed them. 7 The[e] king was furious! He sent his soldiers, and they put those murderers to death[f] and set their city[g] on fire. 8 Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but the ones who had been invited were not worthy. 9 So go into the main streets and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ 10 And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they found, both bad and good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. 11 But when the king came in to see the wedding guests, he saw a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. 12 And he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes?’ But he had nothing to say.[h] 13 Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Tie him up hand and foot and throw him into the outer darkness,[i] where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth!’ 14 For many are called, but few are chosen.”

Paying Taxes to Caesar

15 Then the Pharisees[j] went out and planned together to entrap him with his own words.[k] 16 They sent to him their disciples along with the Herodians,[l] saying, “Teacher, we know that you are truthful, and teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.[m] You do not court anyone’s favor because you show no partiality.[n] 17 Tell us then, what do you think? Is it right[o] to pay taxes[p] to Caesar[q] or not?”

18 But Jesus realized their evil intentions and said, “Hypocrites! Why are you testing me? 19 Show me the coin used for the tax.” So[r] they brought him a denarius.[s] 20 Jesus[t] said to them, “Whose image[u] is this, and whose inscription?” 21 They replied,[v] “Caesar’s.” He said to them,[w] “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”[x] 22 Now when they heard this they were stunned,[y] and they left him and went away.

Marriage and the Resurrection

23 The same day Sadducees[z] (who say there is no resurrection)[aa] came to him and asked him,[ab] 24 “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and father children[ac] for his brother.’[ad] 25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first one married and died, and since he had no children he left his wife to his brother. 26 The second did the same, and the third, down to the seventh. 27 Last[ae] of all, the woman died. 28 In the resurrection, therefore, whose wife of the seven will she be? For they all had married her.”[af] 29 Jesus[ag] answered them, “You are deceived,[ah] because you don’t know the scriptures or the power of God. 30 For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels[ai] in heaven. 31 Now as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God,[aj] 32 ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?[ak] He is not the God of the dead but of the living!”[al] 33 When the crowds heard this, they were amazed at his teaching.

The Greatest Commandment

34 Now when the Pharisees[am] heard that he had silenced the Sadducees,[an] they assembled together.[ao] 35 And one of them, an expert in religious law,[ap] asked him a question to test[aq] him: 36 “Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?”[ar] 37 Jesus[as] said to him, “‘Love[at] the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’[au] 38 This is the first and greatest[av] commandment. 39 The second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[aw] 40 All the law and the prophets depend[ax] on these two commandments.”

The Messiah: David’s Son and Lord

41 While[ay] the Pharisees[az] were assembled, Jesus asked them a question:[ba] 42 “What do you think about the Christ?[bb] Whose son is he?” They said, “The son of David.”[bc] 43 He said to them, “How then does David by the Spirit call him ‘Lord,’ saying,

44 ‘The Lord said to my lord,[bd]
“Sit at my right hand,
until I put your enemies under your feet”’?[be]

45 If David then calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?”[bf] 46 No one[bg] was able to answer him a word, and from that day on no one dared to question him any longer.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 22:1 tn Grk “And answering again, Jesus spoke.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.
  2. Matthew 22:3 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 8:9.
  3. Matthew 22:4 tn Grk “Behold, I have prepared my meal.” In some contexts, however, to translate ἄριστον (ariston) as “meal” or “dinner” somewhat misses the point. L&N 23.22 here suggests, “See now, the feast I have prepared (for you is ready).”
  4. Matthew 22:6 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  5. Matthew 22:7 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  6. Matthew 22:7 tn Grk “he sent his soldiers, destroyed those murderers.” The verb ἀπώλεσεν (apōlesen) is causative, indicating that the king was the one behind the execution of the murderers. In English the causative idea is not expressed naturally here; either a purpose clause (“he sent his soldiers to put those murderers to death”) or a relative clause (“he sent his soldier who put those murderers to death”) is preferred.
  7. Matthew 22:7 tn The Greek text reads here πόλις (polis), which could be translated “town” or “city.” The prophetic reference is to the city of Jerusalem, so “city” is more appropriate here.
  8. Matthew 22:12 tn Grk “he was silent.”
  9. Matthew 22:13 tn The Greek term translated “darkness” (σκότος) is associated with Tartarus in Aeschylus, Eumenides 72; other references to the darkness of death and the underworld can be found throughout the classical literature as far back as Homer. BDAG 932 s.v. σκότος 1 states: “Of the darkness of the place of punishment far removed fr. the heavenly kingdom (Philo, Exsecr. 152 βαθὺ σκότος. Cp. Wsd 17:20; PsSol 14:9.—σκ. κ. βόρβορος ‘gloom and muck’ await those who are untrue to the Eleusinian Mysteries, Ael. Aristid. 22, 10 K.=19 p. 421 D. Of the darkness of death and the underworld in Hom. and the Trag. As the domain of evil spirits PGM 36, 138; Theoph. Ant. 2, 7 [p. 110, 5]) τὸ σκ. τὸ ἐξώτερον the darkness outside Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.”
  10. Matthew 22:15 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  11. Matthew 22:15 tn Grk “trap him in word.”
  12. Matthew 22:16 sn The Herodians are mentioned in the NT only once in Matt (22:16 = Mark 12:13) and twice in Mark (3:6; 12:13; some mss also read “Herodians” instead of “Herod” in Mark 8:15). It is generally assumed that as a group the Herodians were Jewish supporters of the Herodian dynasty (or of Herod Antipas in particular). In every instance they are linked with the Pharisees. This probably reflects agreement regarding political objectives (nationalism as opposed to submission to the yoke of Roman oppression) rather than philosophy or religious beliefs.
  13. Matthew 22:16 sn Teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Very few comments are as deceitful as this one; they did not really believe this at all. The question of the Pharisees and Herodians was specifically designed to trap Jesus.
  14. Matthew 22:16 tn Grk “And it is not a concern to you about anyone because you do not see the face of men.”
  15. Matthew 22:17 tn Or “lawful,” that is, in accordance with God’s divine law. On the syntax of ἔξεστιν (exestin) with an infinitive and accusative, see BDF §409.3.
  16. Matthew 22:17 tn According to L&N 57.180 the term κῆνσος (kēnsos) was borrowed from Latin and referred to a poll tax, a tax paid by each adult male to the Roman government.sn This question concerning taxes was specifically designed to trap Jesus. If he answered yes, then his opponents could publicly discredit him as a sympathizer with Rome. If he answered no, then they could go to the Roman governor and accuse Jesus of rebellion.
  17. Matthew 22:17 tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).
  18. Matthew 22:19 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate their response to Jesus’ request for a coin.
  19. Matthew 22:19 tn Here the specific name of the coin was retained in the translation, because not all coins in circulation in Palestine at the time carried the image of Caesar. In other places δηνάριον (dēnarion) has been translated simply as “silver coin” with an explanatory note.sn A denarius was a silver coin worth approximately one day’s wage for a laborer. The fact that they had such a coin showed that they already operated in the economic world of Rome. The denarius would have had a picture of Tiberius Caesar stamped on it.
  20. Matthew 22:20 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  21. Matthew 22:20 tn Or “whose likeness.”sn In this passage Jesus points to the image (Grk εἰκών, eikōn) of Caesar on the coin. This same Greek word is used in Gen 1:26 (LXX) to state that humanity is made in the “image” of God. Jesus is making a subtle yet powerful contrast: Caesar’s image is on the denarius, so he can lay claim to money through taxation, but God’s image is on humanity, so he can lay claim to each individual life.
  22. Matthew 22:21 tn Grk “they said to him.”
  23. Matthew 22:21 tn Grk “then he said to them.” τότε (tote) has not been translated to avoid redundancy.
  24. Matthew 22:21 sn Jesus’ answer to give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s was a both/and, not the questioners’ either/or. So he slipped out of their trap.
  25. Matthew 22:22 tn Grk “they were amazed.”
  26. Matthew 22:23 sn See the note on Sadducees in 3:7.
  27. Matthew 22:23 sn This remark is best regarded as a parenthetical note by the author.
  28. Matthew 22:23 tn Grk “and asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  29. Matthew 22:24 tn Grk “and raise up seed,” an idiom for fathering children (L&N 23.59).
  30. Matthew 22:24 sn A quotation from Deut 25:5. This practice is called levirate marriage (see also Ruth 4:1-12; Mishnah, m. Yevamot; Josephus, Ant. 4.8.23 [4.254-256]). The levirate law is described in Deut 25:5-10. The brother of a man who died without a son had an obligation to marry his brother’s widow. This served several purposes: It provided for the widow in a society where a widow with no children to care for her would be reduced to begging, and it preserved the name of the deceased, who would be regarded as the legal father of the first son produced from that marriage.
  31. Matthew 22:27 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  32. Matthew 22:28 tn Grk “For all had her.”
  33. Matthew 22:29 tn Grk “And answering, Jesus said to them.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.
  34. Matthew 22:29 tn Or “mistaken” (cf. BDAG 822 s.v. πλανάω 2.c.γ).
  35. Matthew 22:30 tc Most witnesses have “of God” after “angels,” although some mss read ἄγγελοι θεοῦ (angeloi theou; א L ƒ13 28 33 892 1241 1424) while others have ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ (angeloi tou theou; W Γ Δ 0102 0161 565 579 M). Whether with or without the article, the reading “of God” appears to be a motivated addition. A few significant witnesses lack the adjunct (B D Θ 0233 ƒ1 700 sa); this coupled with strong internal evidence argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading.sn Angels do not die, nor do they eat according to Jewish tradition (1 En. 15:6; 51:4; Wis 5:5; 2 Bar. 51:10; 1QH 3.21-23).
  36. Matthew 22:31 tn Grk “spoken to you by God, saying.” The participle λέγοντος (legontos) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  37. Matthew 22:32 sn A quotation from Exod 3:6.
  38. Matthew 22:32 sn He is not God of the dead but of the living. Jesus’ point was that if God could identify himself as God of the three old patriarchs, then they must still be alive when God spoke to Moses; and so they must be raised.
  39. Matthew 22:34 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  40. Matthew 22:34 sn See the note on Sadducees in 3:7.
  41. Matthew 22:34 tn Grk “for the same.” That is, for the same purpose that the Sadducees had of testing Jesus.
  42. Matthew 22:35 tn Traditionally, “a lawyer.” This was an expert in the interpretation of the Mosaic law.
  43. Matthew 22:35 tn Grk “testing.” The participle, however, is telic in force.
  44. Matthew 22:36 tn Or possibly “What sort of commandment in the law is great?”
  45. Matthew 22:37 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  46. Matthew 22:37 tn Grk “You will love.” The future indicative is used here with imperatival force (see ExSyn 452 and 569).
  47. Matthew 22:37 sn A quotation from Deut 6:5. The threefold reference to different parts of the person says, in effect, that one should love God with all one’s being.
  48. Matthew 22:38 tn Grk “the great and first.”
  49. Matthew 22:39 sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
  50. Matthew 22:40 tn Grk “hang.” The verb κρεμάννυμι (kremannumi) is used here with a figurative meaning (cf. BDAG 566 s.v. 2.b).
  51. Matthew 22:41 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  52. Matthew 22:41 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
  53. Matthew 22:41 tn Grk “asked them a question, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is somewhat redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  54. Matthew 22:42 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 1:16.
  55. Matthew 22:42 sn It was a common belief in Judaism that Messiah would be the son of David in that he would come from the lineage of David. On this point the Pharisees agreed and were correct. But their understanding was nonetheless incomplete, for Messiah is also David’s Lord. With this statement Jesus was affirming that, as the Messiah, he is both God and man.
  56. Matthew 22:44 sn The Lord said to my lord. With David being the speaker, this indicates his respect for his descendant (referred to as my lord). Jesus was arguing, as the ancient exposition assumed, that the passage is about the Lord’s anointed. The passage looks at an enthronement of this figure and a declaration of honor for him as he takes his place at the side of God. In Jerusalem, the king’s palace was located to the right of the temple to indicate this kind of relationship. Jesus was pressing the language here to get his opponents to reflect on how great Messiah is.
  57. Matthew 22:44 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.
  58. Matthew 22:45 tn Grk “how is he his son?”
  59. Matthew 22:46 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
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