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Jezus onderwijst zijn leerlingen

Op een dag, toen Jezus zag dat er weer veel mensen gekomen waren, liep Hij de berg op en ging zitten. Zijn leerlingen kwamen bij Hem.

Hij onderwees hun:

‘Gelukkig zijn zij die nederig zijn, want het Koninkrijk van de hemelen is voor hen bestemd.

Gelukkig zijn zij die verdriet hebben, want zij zullen getroost worden.

Gelukkig zijn de zachtmoedigen, want de aarde is voor hen.

Gelukkig zijn de mensen die ernaar hunkeren dat Gods wil wordt uitgevoerd, want zij zullen volkomen tevreden worden gesteld.

Gelukkig zijn de mensen met een liefdevol en helpend hart, want zij zullen zelf liefde ontmoeten en hulp ontvangen.

Gelukkig zijn de mensen met een zuiver hart, want zij zullen God zien.

Gelukkig zijn de mensen die vrede brengen, want zij zullen kinderen van God worden genoemd.

10 Gelukkig zijn de mensen die vervolgd worden omdat zij Gods wil doen, want het Koninkrijk van de hemelen is voor hen.

11 Gelukkig bent u als u beledigingen, vervolgingen, leugens en laster te verdragen krijgt omdat u bij Mij hoort.

12 Juich van blijdschap, want in de hemel ligt een geweldige beloning voor u klaar. Vroeger zijn de profeten immers ook zo vervolgd.

13 U bent als zout voor de wereld. Maar als het zout zijn kracht verliest, hoe moet je het dan smaak geven? Waar is het dan nog goed voor, behalve om weggegooid en door de mensen vertrapt te worden.

14 U bent het licht van de wereld, een stad op een berg kan iedereen zien. 15 Men steekt immers geen lamp aan om er vervolgens een emmer overheen te zetten? Die lamp moet toch op een standaard staan en licht geven voor iedereen in huis? 16 Laat daarom ook uw licht voor alle mensen schijnen. Als zij dan de goede dingen zien die u doet, zullen zij uw hemelse Vader eren.

17 Denk niet dat Ik ben gekomen om de wetten van Mozes en de woorden van de profeten af te schaffen. Ik ben juist gekomen om er de volle betekenis aan te geven. 18 Ik zeg u met nadruk: tot het moment waarop hemel en aarde vergaan, blijft iedere letter, ieder leesteken van de wet van kracht, totdat alles gebeurd zal zijn. 19 Wie zelfs maar het kleinste gebod afschaft en anderen leert dat ook te doen, zal de kleinste zijn in het Koninkrijk van de hemelen. Maar wie zich aan Gods wetten houdt en anderen leert dat ook te doen, zal in dat Koninkrijk in hoog aanzien staan. 20 Want Ik waarschuw u. Als u zich niet méér houdt aan Gods wetten dan de bijbelgeleerden en de Farizeeën, komt u het Koninkrijk van de hemelen zeker niet binnen.

21 U hebt gehoord dat tegen onze voorouders gezegd is: “U mag niemand doodslaan” en “wie iemand doodslaat, zal veroordeeld worden.” 22 Maar Ik zeg zelfs: iedereen die kwaad is op een ander, zal veroordeeld worden. En wie een ander uitscheldt, moet zich voor de rechtbank verantwoorden, ja, die zal voor het hellevuur komen te staan. 23 Stel dat u in de tempel voor het altaar staat om God een offer te brengen. Als u zich daar dan herinnert dat iemand iets tegen u heeft, 24 moet u het offer naast het altaar laten liggen. Ga eerst naar die ander toe, maak het met hem in orde en breng daarna pas uw offer aan God. 25 Zorg ervoor dat u het op tijd eens wordt met uw tegenpartij. Want als hij u voor de rechter sleept, wordt u misschien wel in de gevangenis gegooid. 26 En daar komt u pas weer uit als u de laatste cent betaald hebt.

27 De wet van Mozes zegt: “U mag geen overspel plegen.” 28 Maar Ik zeg: wie met begerige ogen naar een vrouw kijkt, heeft in zijn hart al overspel met haar gepleegd. 29 Als uw oog u tot verkeerde dingen brengt, ruk het dan uit en gooi het weg. Want het is beter één lichaamsdeel kwijt te raken dan dat uw hele lichaam in de hel wordt gegooid. 30 En als uw hand u tot verkeerde dingen brengt, hak hem dan af en gooi hem weg. Want het is beter één lichaamsdeel kwijt te raken dan dat uw hele lichaam in de hel wordt gegooid.

31 De wet van Mozes zegt: “Als iemand van zijn vrouw wil scheiden, moet hij haar wel een brief meegeven waarin staat dat zij niet langer zijn vrouw is.” 32 Maar Ik zeg: als u zich van uw vrouw laat scheiden zonder dat zij met een andere man gemeenschap heeft gehad, drijft u haar tot overspel. En wie met een weggezonden vrouw trouwt, pleegt ook overspel.

33 In de wet van Mozes staat ook: “U moet zich aan uw eed houden. Wat u voor God hebt gezworen, moet u nakomen.” 34 Maar Ik zeg: zweer nooit! Zeg niet: “Ik zweer bij de hemel,” want de hemel is de troon van God. 35 Of: “Ik zweer bij de aarde,” want de aarde is Gods voetenbank. Of: “Ik zweer bij Jeruzalem,” want dat is de stad van de grote Koning. 36 Zeg ook niet: “Ik zweer bij mijn hoofd,” want u kunt niet één haar wit of zwart maken. 37 Houdt u aan uw woord. Ja is ja en nee is nee. Wat u meer zegt, komt van de duivel.

38 De wet van Mozes zegt: “Oog om oog en tand om tand.” 39 Maar Ik zeg u: verzet u niet tegen wie u kwaad doet. Als iemand u een klap op de ene wang geeft, keer hem dan ook uw andere wang toe. 40 Als iemand in een proces uw hemd opeist, geef hem dan ook uw jas. 41 Als iemand u dwingt om één kilometer met hem mee te lopen, ga dan twee kilometer met hem mee. 42 Als iemand u iets vraagt, geef het hem. En als iemand geld van u wil lenen, weiger het dan niet.

43 U hebt gehoord dat er gezegd is: “Heb uw naaste lief en haat uw vijanden.” 44 Maar Ik zeg: houd ook van uw vijanden! En bid voor wie u vervolgen! 45 Als u dat doet, bent u echt kinderen van uw hemelse Vader. Want Hij laat zijn zon opgaan voor goede en slechte mensen. Hij laat het regenen voor rechtvaardigen en onrechtvaardigen. 46 Als u alleen maar houdt van mensen die ook van u houden, krijgt u geen beloning. Dat doen zelfs bedriegers. 47 Als u alleen maar vriendelijk bent voor uw vrienden, doet u niets bijzonders. Dat doet immers iedereen. 48 Wees volmaakt, zoals ook uw hemelse Vader volmaakt is.’

The Sermon on the Mount: The Beatitudes

Now when he[a] saw the crowds, he went up the mountain and after he[b] sat down, his disciples approached him. And opening his mouth he began to teach them, saying,

“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
    because theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are the ones who mourn,
    because they will be comforted.
Blessed are the meek,
    because they will inherit the earth.
Blessed are the ones who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
    because they will be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful,
    because they will be shown mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heart,
    because they will see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers,
    because they will be called sons of God.
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,
    because theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
11 Blessed are you
    when they insult you and persecute you and say all kinds of evil things against you, lying on account of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, because your reward is great in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets before you.

The Sermon on the Mount: Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth. But if salt becomes tasteless, by what will it be made salty? It is good for nothing any longer except to be thrown outside and[c] trampled under foot by people. 14 You are the light of the world. A city located on top of a hill cannot be hidden, 15 nor do they light a lamp and place it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it shines on all those in the house. 16 In the same way let your light shine before people, so that they can see your good works and glorify your Father who is in heaven.

The Sermon on the Mount: The Law and the Prophets Fulfilled

17 “Do not think that I have come to destroy the law or the prophets. I have not come to destroy them but to fulfill them. 18 For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one tiny letter or one stroke of a letter will pass away from the law until all takes place. 19 Therefore whoever abolishes one of the least of these commandments and teaches people to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever keeps them and teaches them, this person will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I say to you that unless your righteousness greatly surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter into the kingdom of heaven.

The Sermon on the Mount: Anger Toward Others

21 “You have heard that it was said to the people of old,[d] ‘Do not commit murder,’[e] and ‘whoever commits murder will be subject to judgment.’ 22 But I say to you that everyone who is angry at his brother will be subject to judgment, and whoever says to his brother, ‘Stupid fool!’[f] will be subject to the council, and whoever says, ‘Obstinate fool!’[g] will be subject to fiery hell. 23 Therefore if you present your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, 24 leave your gift there before the altar and first go be reconciled to your brother, and then come and[h] present your gift. 25 Settle the case quickly with your accuser[i] while you are with him on the way, lest your accuser hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the officer, and you be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I say to you, you will never come out of there until you have paid back the last penny!

The Sermon on the Mount: Adultery and Lust

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’[j] 28 But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 And if your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it from you! For it is better for you that one of your members be destroyed than your whole body be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it from you! For it is better for you that one of your limbs be destroyed than your whole body go into hell.

The Sermon on the Mount: Divorce

31 “And it was said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’[k] 32 But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for a matter of sexual immorality, causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

The Sermon on the Mount: Taking Oaths

33 “Again you have heard that it was said to the people of old,[l] ‘Do not swear falsely,[m] but fulfill your oaths to the Lord.’[n] 34 But I say to you, do not swear at all, either by heaven, because it is the throne of God, 35 or by the earth, because it is the footstool of his feet, or by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great king. 36 And do not swear by your head, because you are not able to make one hair white or black. 37 But let your statement be ‘Yes, yes; no, no,’ and anything beyond these is from the evil one.[o]

The Sermon on the Mount: Retaliation

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’[p] 39 But I say to you, do not resist the evildoer, but whoever strikes you on the right cheek,[q] turn the other to him also. 40 And the one who wants to go to court with you and take your tunic, let him have[r] your outer garment also. 41 And whoever forces you to go one mile,[s] go with him two. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.

The Sermon on the Mount: Love for Enemies

43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’[t] and ‘Hate your enemy.’[u] 44 But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 in order that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven, because he causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and he sends rain on the just and the unjust. 46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not the tax collectors also do the same? 47 And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing that is remarkable? Do not the Gentiles also do the same? 48 Therefore you be perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:1 Here “when” is supplied as a component of the participle (“saw”) which is understood as temporal
  2. Matthew 5:1 Here “after” is supplied as a component of the participle (“sat down”) which is understood as temporal
  3. Matthew 5:13 Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“thrown”) has been translated as a finite verb
  4. Matthew 5:21 Literally “ancients”
  5. Matthew 5:21 A quotation from Exod 20:13; Deut 5:17
  6. Matthew 5:22 Greek “Raca,” a term of verbal abuse involving lack of intelligence
  7. Matthew 5:22 Perhaps with the idea of obstinate, godless foolishness; some take the word to be a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew word for “rebel” (Deut 21:18, 20)
  8. Matthew 5:24 Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“come”) has been translated as a finite verb
  9. Matthew 5:25 Literally “be making friends quickly with your accuser”
  10. Matthew 5:27 A quotation from Exod 20:14; Deut 5:17
  11. Matthew 5:31 A quotation from Deut 24:1
  12. Matthew 5:33 Literally “ancients”
  13. Matthew 5:33 Or “do not break your oath”
  14. Matthew 5:33 A quotation from Lev 19:12
  15. Matthew 5:37 Or “is of evil”
  16. Matthew 5:38 A quotation from Exod 21:24; Lev 24:20
  17. Matthew 5:39 Some manuscripts have “your right cheek”
  18. Matthew 5:40 Literally “leave to him”
  19. Matthew 5:41 A Roman mile was originally a thousand paces, but was later fixed at eight stades (1,478.5 meters)
  20. Matthew 5:43 A quotation from Lev 19:18
  21. Matthew 5:43 An allusion to Deut 23:3–6

The Sermon on the Mount

When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on the side of a mountain and sat down.[a]

Blessings

(Luke 6.20-23)

Jesus' disciples gathered around him, and he taught them:

God blesses those people
    who depend only on him.
They belong to the kingdom
    of heaven![b]
(A) God blesses those people
who grieve.
    They will find comfort!
(B) God blesses those people
    who are humble.
The earth will belong
    to them!
(C) God blesses those people
who want to obey him[c]
    more than to eat or drink.
They will be given
    what they want!
God blesses those people
    who are merciful.
They will be treated
    with mercy!
(D) God blesses those people
whose hearts are pure.
    They will see him!
God blesses those people
    who make peace.
They will be called
    his children!
10 (E) God blesses those people
who are treated badly
    for doing right.
They belong to the kingdom
    of heaven.[d]

11 (F) God will bless you when people insult you, mistreat you, and tell all kinds of evil lies about you because of me. 12 (G) Be happy and excited! You will have a great reward in heaven. People did these same things to the prophets who lived long ago.

Salt and Light

(Mark 9.50; Luke 14.34,35)

13 (H) You are the salt for everyone on earth. But if salt no longer tastes like salt, how can it make food salty? All it is good for is to be thrown out and walked on.

14 (I) You are the light for the whole world. A city built on top of a hill cannot be hidden, 15 (J) and no one lights a lamp and puts it under a clay pot. Instead, it is placed on a lampstand, where it can give light to everyone in the house. 16 (K) Make your light shine, so others will see the good you do and will praise your Father in heaven.

The Law of Moses

17 Don't suppose I came to do away with the Law and the Prophets.[e] I did not come to do away with them, but to give them their full meaning. 18 (L) Heaven and earth may disappear. But I promise you not even a period or comma will ever disappear from the Law. Everything written in it must happen.

19 If you reject even the least important command in the Law and teach others to do the same, you will be the least important person in the kingdom of heaven. But if you obey and teach others its commands, you will have an important place in the kingdom. 20 You must obey God's commands better than the Pharisees and the teachers of the Law obey them. If you don't, I promise you will never get into the kingdom of heaven.

Anger

21 (M) You know our ancestors were told, “Do not murder” and “A murderer must be brought to trial.” 22 But I promise you if you are angry with someone,[f] you will have to stand trial. If you call someone a fool, you will be taken to court. And if you say that someone is worthless, you will be in danger of the fires of hell.

23 So if you are about to place your gift on the altar and remember that someone is angry with you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. Make peace with that person, then come back and offer your gift to God.

25 Before you are dragged into court, make friends with the person who has accused you of doing wrong. If you don't, you will be handed over to the judge and then to the officer who will put you in jail. 26 I promise you will not get out until you have paid the last cent you owe.

Marriage

27 (N) You know the commandment which says, “Be faithful in marriage.” 28 But I tell you if you look at another woman and want her, you are already unfaithful in your thoughts. 29 (O) If your right eye causes you to sin, poke it out and throw it away. It is better to lose one part of your body, than for your whole body to end up in hell. 30 (P) If your right hand causes you to sin, chop it off and throw it away! It is better to lose one part of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.

Divorce

(Matthew 19.9; Mark 10.11,12; Luke 16.18)

31 (Q) You have been taught that a man who divorces his wife must write out divorce papers for her.[g] 32 (R) But I tell you not to divorce your wife unless she has committed some terrible sexual sin.[h] If you divorce her, you will cause her to be unfaithful, just as any man who marries her is guilty of taking another man's wife.

Promises

33 (S) You know our ancestors were told, “Don't use the Lord's name to make a promise unless you are going to keep it.” 34 (T) But I tell you not to swear by anything when you make a promise! Heaven is God's throne, so don't swear by heaven. 35 (U) The earth is God's footstool, so don't swear by the earth. Jerusalem is the city of the great king, so don't swear by it. 36 Don't swear by your own head. You cannot make one hair white or black. 37 When you make a promise, say only “Yes” or “No.” Anything else comes from the devil.

Revenge

(Luke 6.29,30)

38 (V) You know you have been taught, “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” 39 But I tell you not to try to get even with a person who has done something to you. When someone slaps your right cheek,[i] turn and let that person slap your other cheek. 40 If someone sues you for your shirt, give up your coat as well. 41 If a soldier forces you to carry his pack one kilometer, carry it two kilometers.[j] 42 When people ask you for something, give it to them. When they want to borrow money, lend it to them.

Love

(Luke 6.27,28,32-36)

43 (W) You have heard people say, “Love your neighbors and hate your enemies.” 44 But I tell you to love your enemies and pray for anyone who mistreats you. 45 (X) Then you will be acting like your Father in heaven. He makes the sun rise on both good and bad people. And he sends rain for the ones who do right and for the ones who do wrong. 46 If you love only those people who love you, will God reward you for this? Even tax collectors[k] love their friends. 47 If you greet only your friends, what's so great about this? Don't even unbelievers do that? 48 (Y) But you must always act like your Father in heaven.

Footnotes

  1. 5.1 sat down: Teachers in the ancient world, including Jewish teachers, usually sat down when they taught.
  2. 5.3 They belong to the kingdom of heaven: Or “The kingdom of heaven belongs to them.”
  3. 5.6 who want to obey him: Or “who want to do right” or “who want everyone to be treated right.”
  4. 5.10 They belong to the kingdom of heaven: See the note at 5.3.
  5. 5.17 the Law and the Prophets: The Jewish Scriptures, that is, the Old Testament.
  6. 5.22 someone: In verses 22-24 the Greek text has “brother,” which may refer to people in general or to other followers.
  7. 5.31 write out divorce papers for her: Jewish men could divorce their wives, but the women could not divorce their husbands. The purpose of writing these papers was to make it harder for a man to divorce his wife. Before this law was made, all a man had to do was to send his wife away and say that she was no longer his wife.
  8. 5.32 some terrible sexual sin: This probably refers to the laws about the wrong kinds of marriages that are forbidden in Leviticus 18.6-18 or to some serious sexual sin.
  9. 5.39 right cheek: A slap on the right cheek was a bad insult.
  10. 5.41 two kilometers: A Roman soldier had the right to force a person to carry his pack as far as one kilometer.
  11. 5.46 tax collectors: These were usually Jewish people who paid the Romans for the right to collect taxes. They were hated by other Jews who thought of them as traitors to their country and to their religion.