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Mattheüs 22
Het Boek

Gelijkenissen van Jezus

22 Opnieuw richtte Jezus zich tot hen met gelijkenissen. 2 ‘Het Koninkrijk van de hemelen lijkt op een koning die de bruiloft van zijn zoon voorbereidde. 3 Hij stuurde zijn knechten erop uit om de gasten te gaan uitnodigen, maar niemand wilde komen. 4 Daarom stuurde hij andere knechten erop uit om te zeggen: “Alles staat klaar. Het mestvee is geslacht en klaargemaakt, kom vlug naar het huwelijksfeest!” 5 Maar de mensen die uitgenodigd waren, haalden hun schouders op en gingen aan hun werk. De één naar zijn boerderij, de ander naar zijn zaak. 6 Weer anderen grepen de knechten van de koning en mishandelden hen. Sommigen zo erg dat ze stierven. 7 De koning was woedend. Hij stuurde zijn leger erop uit om de moordenaars te doden en hun stad plat te branden. 8 Daarna zei hij tegen zijn knechten: “Het feestmaal is klaar. Maar de mensen die ik had uitgenodigd, waren het niet waard. 9 Ga nu naar de drukste wegen en nodig iedereen uit die je daar ziet.” 10 De knechten gingen de straat op en brachten alle mensen binnen die zij konden vinden, zowel goede als slechte. Al gauw zat de feestzaal vol gasten. 11 De koning kwam binnen om de gasten te begroeten. Ineens zag hij iemand die geen feestkleding droeg. 12 “Beste vriend,” zei hij, “Hoe is het mogelijk dat u hier zonder feestkleding zit?” Maar de man had geen antwoord.

13 De koning zei tegen zijn dienaren: “Bind hem vast en gooi hem buiten in de diepste duisternis. Daar zal hij vergaan van wroeging en verdriet.” 14 Velen zijn geroepen, maar weinigen zijn uitgekozen.’

15 De Farizeeën gingen weg om te overleggen hoe zij Jezus op een woord zouden kunnen vangen. 16 Zij kwamen tot een besluit en stuurden een paar van hun leerlingen met enkele aanhangers van Herodes naar Hem toe met een vraag. ‘Meester, wij weten dat U eerlijk bent. U vertelt de waarheid over de weg naar God. Het maakt u niet uit wie U voor U hebt. 17 Nu hebben wij een vraag: is het toegestaan de keizer belasting te betalen of niet?’ 18 Maar Jezus had hen wel door. ‘Stelletje huichelaars!’ zei Hij. ‘Waarom proberen jullie altijd Mij erin te laten lopen? 19 Geef Mij eens een geldstuk.’ Zij gaven Hem er één. 20 Hij vroeg hun: ‘Wiens portret en opschrift staan erop?’ 21 ‘Van de keizer,’ antwoordden zij. ‘Wel,’ zei Hij, ‘geef dan aan de keizer wat van de keizer is en aan God wat van God is.’ 22 Daar hadden zij niet van terug. Ze lieten hem met rust en gingen weg.

23 Nog diezelfde dag kwamen er enkele Sadduceeën naar Hem toe. De Sadduceeën beweerden dat de doden niet meer levend worden. 24 Zij zeiden: ‘Meester, in een van de boeken van Mozes staat dat als een man sterft zonder kinderen na te laten, zijn broer met de weduwe moet trouwen. Die kan er dan voor zorgen dat zijn overleden broer toch nageslacht krijgt. 25 Nu waren er bij ons eens zeven broers. De oudste broer trouwde en stierf. Omdat er geen kinderen waren, trouwde de tweede broer met de weduwe. Maar die stierf ook zonder kinderen. 26 Dus trouwde de volgende broer met de weduwe. En zo ging het verder, tot de vrouw ten slotte met ieder van de zeven broers getrouwd was geweest. 27 Ten slotte stierf zij ook. 28 Hoe is het nu als de doden weer levend worden? Wie zal dan haar man zijn? Want zij is toch met alle zeven broers getrouwd geweest.’ 29 Jezus antwoordde: ‘U denkt verkeerd. Dat komt omdat u de boeken van Mozes en de kracht van God niet kent. 30 Want als de doden weer levend worden, is er geen sprake meer van trouwen. Dan zijn de mensen als engelen in de hemel. 31 En wat het terugkomen uit de dood betreft, hebt u niet gelezen wat door God tegen u gezegd is, toen Hij zei: 32 “Ik ben de God van Abraham, de God van Isaak en de God van Jakob!” Daaruit blijkt dat Hij niet een God van doden is, maar van levenden.’ 33 Iedereen was diep onder de indruk van zijn inzicht.

34 Toen de Farizeeën hoorden dat Hij de Sadduceeën de mond had gesnoerd, kwamen zij met een nieuwe strikvraag. 35 Een van hen, een bijbelgeleerde, nam het woord. 36 ‘Meester, wat is het belangrijkste gebod in de wet van Mozes?’ 37 Jezus antwoordde: ‘Heb de Here, uw God, lief met heel uw hart, met heel uw ziel en met heel uw verstand. 38 Dit gebod is het eerste en het belangrijkste. 39 Het tweede gebod komt op hetzelfde neer: “Heb uw naaste net zo lief als uzelf.” 40 Deze twee geboden zijn de basis van de hele wet en de profeten.’

41 Er stonden verschillende Farizeeën om Jezus heen. Hij vroeg hun: 42 ‘Hoe staat het met de Christus? Van wie is Hij een zoon?’ ‘Van David,’ antwoordden zij. 43 ‘Hoe kan David hem dan Here noemen?’ vroeg Jezus. ‘Want hij heeft gezegd: 44 “God zei tegen mijn Here: Kom naast Mij zitten, aan mijn rechterhand, totdat Ik uw vijanden aan U onderworpen heb.” Dat was hem ingegeven door de Heilige Geest. 45 Als David hem Here noemt, hoe kan de Christus dan zijn Zoon zijn?’ 46 Ze hadden daar geen antwoord op. En van die dag af durfde niemand meer met zoʼn vraag bij Hem te komen.

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马太福音 22
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

王宴客的比喻

22 耶稣又用比喻对他们说： 2 “天国就像一个王为儿子筹备婚宴。 3 他派奴仆去请受邀的客人，可是客人都不肯赴宴。 4 王再派其他奴仆去，说，‘去告诉被邀请的人，我的宴席已经备好，公牛和肥畜都宰了，一切都预备妥当，来赴婚宴吧！’ 5 那些人却毫不理会地走了，一个去种田，一个去做买卖， 6 其余的竟然抓住王的奴仆，把他们羞辱一番后杀了。 7 王大怒，派军队去剿灭凶手，烧毁他们的城。

8 “然后，他对奴仆说，‘婚宴已预备好了，只是被邀请的人不配。 9 所以你们到街头巷尾，把所有见到的人都请来。’ 10 奴仆到街上把遇到的人都请了来，好人坏人都有，大厅里满了客人。

11 “王出来会见在座的客人，发现有一个人没有穿礼服， 12 就问他，‘朋友，你来这里怎么不穿婚宴的礼服呢？’那人无言以对。 13 王便吩咐侍从，‘把他手脚绑起来丢到外面的黑暗里，让他在那里哀哭切齿。’”

14 耶稣又说：“被邀请的人多，选上的人少。”

以纳税问题刁难耶稣

15 那时，法利赛人出去策划怎样从耶稣的话里找把柄陷害祂。 16 他们派了自己的门徒跟希律党人一同去问耶稣：“老师，我们知道你诚实无伪，按真理传上帝的道，你不徇情面，不以貌取人。 17 那么请告诉我们，纳税给凯撒对不对呢？”

18 耶稣看出了他们的恶意，就说：“你们这些伪君子，为什么试探我呢？ 19 拿一个纳税用的钱币来给我看。”他们就拿给祂一个银币。

20 耶稣问他们：“上面刻的是谁的像和名号？”

21 他们说：“凯撒的。”

耶稣说：“那么，属于凯撒的东西应该给凯撒，属于上帝的东西应该给上帝。” 22 他们听了很惊奇，只好离开祂走了。

论复活

23 同一天，不相信死人会复活的撒都该人也来问耶稣， 24 说：“老师，摩西说，‘如果一个人死了，没有儿女，只留下妻子，他的兄弟就当娶嫂嫂，替哥哥传宗接代。’ 25 从前，我们这里有弟兄七人，老大结了婚，没有孩子就死了，把妻子留给了弟弟。 26 二弟、三弟一直到七弟都相继娶了嫂嫂，都没留下孩子。 27 最后，那女人也死了。 28 那么，到复活的时候，她将是谁的妻子呢？因为他们都娶过她。”

29 耶稣说：“你们弄错了。你们不明白圣经，也不知道上帝的能力。 30 因为到复活的时候，人们将不娶也不嫁，就像天上的天使一样。

31 “关于死人复活的事，难道你们没有读过上帝对你们说过的话吗？ 32 祂说，‘我是亚伯拉罕的上帝，以撒的上帝，雅各的上帝。’上帝不是死人的上帝，而是活人的上帝。” 33 众人听到祂的教导都很惊奇。

最大的诫命

34 法利赛人听见耶稣使撒都该人无言以对，就聚集在一起。 35 其中有位律法专家试探耶稣说： 36 “老师，请问律法中哪一条诫命最重要呢？”

37 耶稣回答说：“‘你要全心、全情、全意爱主——你的上帝’， 38 这是第一条也是最重要的诫命。 39 第二条也相似，就是‘要爱邻如己’。 40 律法和先知的全部教导都以这两条诫命为基础。”

基督的身份

41 耶稣趁着法利赛人聚在那里，就问他们： 42 “你们对基督有何看法？祂是谁的后裔？”他们答道：“大卫的后裔。”

43 耶稣说：“那么，为什么大卫受圣灵感动，称祂为主呢？大卫曾说，

44 “‘主对我主说，
你坐在我的右边，
等我使你的仇敌伏在你脚下。’

45 既然大卫称基督为主，基督又怎么会是大卫的后裔呢？” 46 没人能回答耶稣的问题。从此再没有人敢用问题来刁难耶稣了。

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Matthew 22
New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition

The Parable of the Wedding Banquet

22 Once more Jesus spoke to them in parables, saying: 2 “The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who gave a wedding banquet for his son.(A) 3 He sent his slaves to call those who had been invited to the wedding banquet, but they would not come.(B) 4 Again he sent other slaves, saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited: Look, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready; come to the wedding banquet.’(C) 5 But they made light of it and went away, one to his farm, another to his business, 6 while the rest seized his slaves, mistreated them, and killed them. 7 The king was enraged. He sent his troops, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city.(D) 8 Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but those invited were not worthy.(E) 9 Go therefore into the main streets, and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ 10 Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all whom they found, both good and bad, so the wedding hall was filled with guests.(F)

11 “But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing a wedding robe,(G) 12 and he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you get in here without a wedding robe?’ And he was speechless.(H) 13 Then the king said to the attendants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’(I) 14 For many are called, but few are chosen.”

The Question about Paying Taxes

15 Then the Pharisees went and plotted to entrap him in what he said. 16 So they sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that you are sincere, and teach the way of God in accordance with truth, and show deference to no one, for you do not regard people with partiality.(J) 17 Tell us, then, what you think. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”(K) 18 But Jesus, aware of their malice, said, “Why are you putting me to the test, you hypocrites? 19 Show me the coin used for the tax.” And they brought him a denarius. 20 Then he said to them, “Whose head is this and whose title?” 21 They answered, “Caesar’s.” Then he said to them, “Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s.”(L) 22 When they heard this, they were amazed, and they left him and went away.

The Question about the Resurrection

23 The same day some Sadducees came to him saying there is no resurrection,[a] and they asked him a question:(M) 24 “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies childless, his brother shall marry the widow and raise up children for his brother.’(N) 25 Now there were seven brothers among us; the first married and died childless, leaving the widow to his brother. 26 The second did the same, so also the third, down to the seventh. 27 Last of all, the woman herself died. 28 In the resurrection, then, whose wife of the seven will she be? For all of them had married her.”

29 Jesus answered them, “You are wrong because you know neither the scriptures nor the power of God.(O) 30 For in the resurrection people neither marry nor are given in marriage but are like angels of God[b] in heaven. 31 And as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was said to you by God, 32 ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is God not of the dead but of the living.”(P) 33 And when the crowds heard it, they were astounded at his teaching.(Q)

The Greatest Commandment

34 When the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together, 35 and one of them, an expert in the law, asked him a question to test him.(R) 36 “Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?” 37 He said to him, “ ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’(S) 38 This is the greatest and first commandment. 39 And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’(T) 40 On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”(U)

The Question about David’s Son

41 Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them this question: 42 “What do you think of the Messiah?[c] Whose son is he?” They said to him, “The son of David.”(V) 43 He said to them, “How is it then that David by the Spirit[d] calls him Lord, saying,

44 ‘The Lord said to my Lord,
“Sit at my right hand,
    until I put your enemies under your feet” ’?(W)

45 “If David thus calls him Lord, how can he be his son?” 46 No one was able to give him an answer, nor from that day did anyone dare to ask him any more questions.(X)

Footnotes

  1. 22.23 Other ancient authorities read who say that there is no resurrection
  2. 22.30 Other ancient authorities lack of God
  3. 22.42 Or Christ
  4. 22.43 Gk in spirit
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Matthew 22
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 22

The Parable of the Wedding Feast.[a] 1 (A)Jesus again in reply spoke to them in parables, saying, 2 “The kingdom of heaven may be likened to a king who gave a wedding feast[b] for his son. 3 [c]He dispatched his servants to summon the invited guests to the feast, but they refused to come. 4 A second time he sent other servants, saying, ‘Tell those invited: “Behold, I have prepared my banquet, my calves and fattened cattle are killed, and everything is ready; come to the feast.”’ 5 Some ignored the invitation and went away, one to his farm, another to his business. 6 (B)The rest laid hold of his servants, mistreated them, and killed them. 7 [d]The king was enraged and sent his troops, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. 8 Then he said to his servants, ‘The feast is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy to come. 9 Go out, therefore, into the main roads and invite to the feast whomever you find.’ 10 The servants went out into the streets and gathered all they found, bad and good alike,[e] and the hall was filled with guests. 11 [f]But when the king came in to meet the guests he saw a man there not dressed in a wedding garment. 12 He said to him, ‘My friend, how is it that you came in here without a wedding garment?’ But he was reduced to silence. 13 [g](C)Then the king said to his attendants, ‘Bind his hands and feet, and cast him into the darkness outside, where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth.’ 14 Many are invited, but few are chosen.”

Paying Taxes to the Emperor.[h] 15 (D)Then the Pharisees[i] went off and plotted how they might entrap him in speech. 16 They sent their disciples to him, with the Herodians,[j] saying, “Teacher, we know that you are a truthful man and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. And you are not concerned with anyone’s opinion, for you do not regard a person’s status. 17 [k]Tell us, then, what is your opinion: Is it lawful to pay the census tax to Caesar or not?” 18 Knowing their malice, Jesus said, “Why are you testing me, you hypocrites? 19 [l]Show me the coin that pays the census tax.” Then they handed him the Roman coin. 20 He said to them, “Whose image is this and whose inscription?” 21 (E)They replied, “Caesar’s.”[m] At that he said to them, “Then repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.” 22 When they heard this they were amazed, and leaving him they went away.

The Question About the Resurrection.[n] 23 (F)On that day Sadducees approached him, saying that there is no resurrection.[o] They put this question to him, 24 (G)saying, “Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies[p] without children, his brother shall marry his wife and raise up descendants for his brother.’ 25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first married and died and, having no descendants, left his wife to his brother. 26 The same happened with the second and the third, through all seven. 27 Finally the woman died. 28 Now at the resurrection, of the seven, whose wife will she be? For they all had been married to her.” 29 [q]Jesus said to them in reply, “You are misled because you do not know the scriptures or the power of God. 30 At the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage but are like the angels in heaven. 31 And concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was said to you[r] by God, 32 (H)‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead but of the living.” 33 When the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching.

The Greatest Commandment.[s] 34 (I)When the Pharisees heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together, 35 and one of them [a scholar of the law][t] tested him by asking, 36 “Teacher,[u] which commandment in the law is the greatest?” 37 (J)He said to him,[v] “You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. 38 This is the greatest and the first commandment. 39 (K)The second is like it:[w] You shall love your neighbor as yourself. 40 [x](L)The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments.”

The Question About David’s Son.[y] 41 (M)While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus questioned them,[z] 42 [aa]saying, “What is your opinion about the Messiah? Whose son is he?” They replied, “David’s.” 43 He said to them, “How, then, does David, inspired by the Spirit, call him ‘lord,’ saying:

44 (N)‘The Lord said to my lord,
    “Sit at my right hand
    until I place your enemies under your feet”’?

45 [ab]If David calls him ‘lord,’ how can he be his son?” 46 (O)No one was able to answer him a word, nor from that day on did anyone dare to ask him any more questions.

Footnotes

  1. 22:1–14 This parable is from Q; see Lk 14:15–24. It has been given many allegorical traits by Matthew, e.g., the burning of the city of the guests who refused the invitation (Mt 22:7), which corresponds to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in A.D. 70. It has similarities with the preceding parable of the tenants: the sending of two groups of servants (Mt 22:3, 4), the murder of the servants (Mt 22:6), the punishment of the murderers (Mt 22:7), and the entrance of a new group into a privileged situation of which the others had proved themselves unworthy (Mt 22:8–10). The parable ends with a section that is peculiar to Matthew (Mt 22:11–14), which some take as a distinct parable. Matthew presents the kingdom in its double aspect, already present and something that can be entered here and now (Mt 22:1–10), and something that will be possessed only by those present members who can stand the scrutiny of the final judgment (Mt 22:11–14). The parable is not only a statement of God’s judgment on Israel but a warning to Matthew’s church.
  2. 22:2 Wedding feast: the Old Testament’s portrayal of final salvation under the image of a banquet (Is 25:6) is taken up also in Mt 8:11; cf. Lk 13:15.
  3. 22:3–4 Servants…other servants: probably Christian missionaries in both instances; cf. Mt 23:34.
  4. 22:7 See note on Mt 22:1–14.
  5. 22:10 Bad and good alike: cf. Mt 13:47.
  6. 22:11 A wedding garment: the repentance, change of heart and mind, that is the condition for entrance into the kingdom (Mt 3:2; 4:17) must be continued in a life of good deeds (Mt 7:21–23).
  7. 22:13 Wailing and grinding of teeth: the Christian who lacks the wedding garment of good deeds will suffer the same fate as those Jews who have rejected Jesus; see note on Mt 8:11–12.
  8. 22:15–22 The series of controversies between Jesus and the representatives of Judaism (see note on Mt 21:23–27) is resumed. As in the first (Mt 21:23–27), here and in the following disputes Matthew follows his Marcan source with few modifications.
  9. 22:15 The Pharisees: while Matthew retains the Marcan union of Pharisees and Herodians in this account, he clearly emphasizes the Pharisees’ part. They alone are mentioned here, and the Herodians are joined with them only in a prepositional phrase of Mt 22:16. Entrap him in speech: the question that they will pose is intended to force Jesus to take either a position contrary to that held by the majority of the people or one that will bring him into conflict with the Roman authorities.
  10. 22:16 Herodians: see note on Mk 3:6. They would favor payment of the tax; the Pharisees did not.
  11. 22:17 Is it lawful: the law to which they refer is the law of God.
  12. 22:19 They handed him the Roman coin: their readiness in producing the money implies their use of it and their acceptance of the financial advantages of the Roman administration in Palestine.
  13. 22:21 Caesar’s: the emperor Tiberius (A.D. 14–37). Repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar: those who willingly use the coin that is Caesar’s should repay him in kind. The answer avoids taking sides in the question of the lawfulness of the tax. To God what belongs to God: Jesus raises the debate to a new level. Those who have hypocritically asked about tax in respect to its relation to the law of God should be concerned rather with repaying God with the good deeds that are his due; cf. Mt 21:41, 43.
  14. 22:23–33 Here Jesus’ opponents are the Sadducees, members of the powerful priestly party of his time; see note on Mt 3:7. Denying the resurrection of the dead, a teaching of relatively late origin in Judaism (cf. Dn 12:2), they appeal to a law of the Pentateuch (Dt 25:5–10) and present a case based on it that would make resurrection from the dead ridiculous (Mt 22:24–28). Jesus chides them for knowing neither the scriptures nor the power of God (Mt 22:29). His argument in respect to God’s power contradicts the notion, held even by many proponents as well as by opponents of the teaching, that the life of those raised from the dead would be essentially a continuation of the type of life they had had before death (Mt 22:30). His argument based on the scriptures (Mt 22:31–32) is of a sort that was accepted as valid among Jews of the time.
  15. 22:23 Saying that there is no resurrection: in the Marcan parallel (Mk 22:12, 18) the Sadducees are correctly defined as those “who say there is no resurrection”; see also Lk 20:27. Matthew’s rewording of Mark can mean that these particular Sadducees deny the resurrection, which would imply that he was not aware that the denial was characteristic of the party. For some scholars this is an indication of his being a Gentile Christian; see note on Mt 21:4–5.
  16. 22:24 ‘If a man dies…his brother’: this is known as the “law of the levirate,” from the Latin levir, “brother-in-law.” Its purpose was to continue the family line of the deceased brother (Dt 25:6).
  17. 22:29 The sexual relationships of this world will be transcended; the risen body will be the work of the creative power of God.
  18. 22:31–32 Cf. Ex 3:6. In the Pentateuch, which the Sadducees accepted as normative for Jewish belief and practice, God speaks even now (to you) of himself as the God of the patriarchs who died centuries ago. He identifies himself in relation to them, and because of their relation to him, the living God, they too are alive. This might appear no argument for the resurrection, but simply for life after death as conceived in Wis 3:1–3. But the general thought of early first-century Judaism was not influenced by that conception; for it human immortality was connected with the existence of the body.
  19. 22:34–40 The Marcan parallel (Mk 12:28–34) is an exchange between Jesus and a scribe who is impressed by the way in which Jesus has conducted himself in the previous controversy (Mk 12:28), who compliments him for the answer he gives him (Mk 12:32), and who is said by Jesus to be “not far from the kingdom of God” (Mk 12:34). Matthew has sharpened that scene. The questioner, as the representative of other Pharisees, tests Jesus by his question (Mt 22:34–35), and both his reaction to Jesus’ reply and Jesus’ commendation of him are lacking.
  20. 22:35 [A scholar of the law]: meaning “scribe.” Although this reading is supported by the vast majority of textual witnesses, it is the only time that the Greek word so translated occurs in Matthew. It is relatively frequent in Luke, and there is reason to think that it may have been added here by a copyist since it occurs in the Lucan parallel (Lk 10:25–28). Tested: see note on Mt 19:3.
  21. 22:36 For the devout Jew all the commandments were to be kept with equal care, but there is evidence of preoccupation in Jewish sources with the question put to Jesus.
  22. 22:37–38 Cf. Dt 6:5. Matthew omits the first part of Mark’s fuller quotation (Mk 12:29; Dt 6:4–5), probably because he considered its monotheistic emphasis needless for his church. The love of God must engage the total person (heart, soul, mind).
  23. 22:39 Jesus goes beyond the extent of the question put to him and joins to the greatest and the first commandment a second, that of love of neighbor, Lv 19:18; see note on Mt 19:18–19. This combination of the two commandments may already have been made in Judaism.
  24. 22:40 The double commandment is the source from which the whole law and the prophets are derived.
  25. 22:41–46 Having answered the questions of his opponents in the preceding three controversies, Jesus now puts a question to them about the sonship of the Messiah. Their easy response (Mt 22:43a) is countered by his quoting a verse of Ps 110 that raises a problem for their response (43b–45). They are unable to solve it and from that day on their questioning of him is ended.
  26. 22:41 The Pharisees…questioned them: Mark is not specific about who are questioned (Mk 12:35).
  27. 22:42–44 David’s: this view of the Pharisees was based on such Old Testament texts as Is 11:1–9; Jer 23:5; and Ez 34:23; see also the extrabiblical Psalms of Solomon 17:21. How, then…saying: Jesus cites Ps 110:1 accepting the Davidic authorship of the psalm, a common view of his time. The psalm was probably composed for the enthronement of a Davidic king of Judah. Matthew assumes that the Pharisees interpret it as referring to the Messiah, although there is no clear evidence that it was so interpreted in the Judaism of Jesus’ time. It was widely used in the early church as referring to the exaltation of the risen Jesus. My lord: understood as the Messiah.
  28. 22:45 Since Matthew presents Jesus both as Messiah (Mt 16:16) and as Son of David (Mt 1:1; see also note on Mt 9:27), the question is not meant to imply Jesus’ denial of Davidic sonship. It probably means that although he is the Son of David, he is someone greater, Son of Man and Son of God, and recognized as greater by David who calls him my ‘lord.’
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Matthew 22
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The Parable of the Wedding Banquet(A)

22 Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying: 2 “The kingdom of heaven is like(B) a king who prepared a wedding banquet for his son. 3 He sent his servants(C) to those who had been invited to the banquet to tell them to come, but they refused to come.

4 “Then he sent some more servants(D) and said, ‘Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.’

5 “But they paid no attention and went off—one to his field, another to his business. 6 The rest seized his servants, mistreated them and killed them. 7 The king was enraged. He sent his army and destroyed those murderers(E) and burned their city.

8 “Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding banquet is ready, but those I invited did not deserve to come. 9 So go to the street corners(F) and invite to the banquet anyone you find.’ 10 So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, the bad as well as the good,(G) and the wedding hall was filled with guests.

11 “But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. 12 He asked, ‘How did you get in here without wedding clothes, friend(H)?’ The man was speechless.

13 “Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’(I)

14 “For many are invited, but few are chosen.”(J)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(K)

15 Then the Pharisees went out and laid plans to trap him in his words. 16 They sent their disciples to him along with the Herodians.(L) “Teacher,” they said, “we know that you are a man of integrity and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are. 17 Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax[a](M) to Caesar or not?”

18 But Jesus, knowing their evil intent, said, “You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? 19 Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” They brought him a denarius, 20 and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

21 “Caesar’s,” they replied.

Then he said to them, “So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s,(N) and to God what is God’s.”

22 When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away.(O)

Marriage at the Resurrection(P)

23 That same day the Sadducees,(Q) who say there is no resurrection,(R) came to him with a question. 24 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses told us that if a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.(S) 25 Now there were seven brothers among us. The first one married and died, and since he had no children, he left his wife to his brother. 26 The same thing happened to the second and third brother, right on down to the seventh. 27 Finally, the woman died. 28 Now then, at the resurrection, whose wife will she be of the seven, since all of them were married to her?”

29 Jesus replied, “You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures(T) or the power of God. 30 At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage;(U) they will be like the angels in heaven. 31 But about the resurrection of the dead—have you not read what God said to you, 32 ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[b]?(V) He is not the God of the dead but of the living.”

33 When the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching.(W)

The Greatest Commandment(X)

34 Hearing that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees,(Y) the Pharisees got together. 35 One of them, an expert in the law,(Z) tested him with this question: 36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”

37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’[c](AA) 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[d](AB) 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”(AC)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AD)

41 While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them, 42 “What do you think about the Messiah? Whose son is he?”

“The son of David,”(AE) they replied.

43 He said to them, “How is it then that David, speaking by the Spirit, calls him ‘Lord’? For he says,

44 “‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[e](AF)

45 If then David calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?” 46 No one could say a word in reply, and from that day on no one dared to ask him any more questions.(AG)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 22:17 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  2. Matthew 22:32 Exodus 3:6
  3. Matthew 22:37 Deut. 6:5
  4. Matthew 22:39 Lev. 19:18
  5. Matthew 22:44 Psalm 110:1
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