Followers of Tradition

(A)The Pharisees and some of the scribes *gathered to Him after they came (B)from Jerusalem, and saw that some of His disciples were eating their bread with [a](C)unholy hands, that is, unwashed. (For the Pharisees and all the other Jews do not eat unless they [b]carefully wash their hands, thereby holding firmly to the (D)tradition of the elders; and when they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they [c]completely cleanse themselves; and there are many other things which they have received as traditions to firmly hold, such as the [d]washing of (E)cups, pitchers, and copper pots.) And the Pharisees and the scribes *asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk in accordance with the (F)tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with [e](G)unholy hands?” But He said to them, “Rightly did Isaiah prophesy about you hypocrites, as it is written:

(H)This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far away from Me.
(I)And in vain do they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

Neglecting the commandment of God, you hold to the (J)tradition of men.”

He was also saying to them, “You are experts at setting aside the commandment of God in order to keep your (K)tradition. 10 For Moses said, ‘(L)Honor your father and your mother’; and, ‘(M)The one who speaks evil of father or mother, is [f]certainly to be put to death’; 11 but you say, ‘If a person says to his father or his mother, whatever I have that would help you is (N)Corban (that is, [g]given to God),’ 12 you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother; 13 thereby invalidating the word of God by your (O)tradition which you have handed down; and you do many things such as that.”

The Heart of Mankind

14 After He called the crowd to Him again, He began saying to them, “Listen to Me, all of you, and understand: 15 there is nothing outside the person which can defile him if it goes into him; but the things which come out of the person are what defile the person[h].”

17 And when He later entered a house, away from the crowd, (P)His disciples asked Him about the parable. 18 And He *said to them, “Are you so lacking in understanding as well? Do you not understand that whatever goes into the person from outside cannot defile him, 19 because it does not go into his heart, but into his stomach, and [i]is eliminated?” (Thereby He declared (Q)all foods (R)clean.) 20 And He was saying, (S)That which comes out of the person, that is what defiles the person. 21 For from within, out of the [j]hearts of people, come the evil thoughts, acts of sexual immorality, thefts, murders, acts of adultery, 22 deeds of greed, wickedness, deceit, indecent behavior, [k](T)envy, slander, [l]pride, and foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile the person.”

The Syrophoenician Woman

24 (U)Now Jesus got up and went from there to the region of (V)Tyre[m]. And when He had entered a house, He wanted no one to know about it; and yet He could not escape notice. 25 But after hearing about Him, a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit immediately came and fell at His feet. 26 Now the woman was a [n]Gentile, of Syrophoenician descent. And she repeatedly asked Him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 And He was saying to her, “Let the children be satisfied first, for it is not [o]good to take the children’s bread and throw it to the [p]dogs.” 28 But she answered and *said to Him, “Yes, Lord, but even the dogs under the table feed on the children’s crumbs.” 29 And He said to her, “Because of this [q]answer, go; the demon has gone out of your daughter.” 30 And after going back to her home, she found the child [r]lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

31 (W)Again He left the region of (X)Tyre and came through Sidon to (Y)the Sea of Galilee, within the region of (Z)Decapolis. 32 And they *brought to Him one who was deaf and had difficulty speaking, and they *begged Him to (AA)lay His hand on him. 33 And Jesus (AB)took him aside from the crowd, by himself, and put His fingers in his ears, and after (AC)spitting, He touched his tongue with the saliva; 34 and looking up to heaven with a deep (AD)sigh, He *said to him, “Ephphatha!” that is, “Be opened!” 35 And his ears were opened, and the [s]impediment of his tongue was [t]removed, and he began speaking plainly. 36 And (AE)He gave them orders not to tell anyone; but the more He ordered them, the more widely they (AF)continued to proclaim it. 37 And they were utterly astonished, saying, “He has done all things well; He makes even those who are deaf hear, and those who are unable to talk, speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:2 Lit common; i.e., ritually unclean
  2. Mark 7:3 Lit with a fist (following a prescribed ritual)
  3. Mark 7:4 Lit baptize; i.e., immerse; two early mss purify
  4. Mark 7:4 Lit baptisms
  5. Mark 7:5 Lit common; i.e., ritually unclean
  6. Mark 7:10 Lit to die with death
  7. Mark 7:11 Lit a gift; i.e., an offering
  8. Mark 7:15 Late mss add, as v 16: If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.
  9. Mark 7:19 Lit goes out into the latrine
  10. Mark 7:21 heart
  11. Mark 7:22 Lit an evil eye
  12. Mark 7:22 Or arrogance
  13. Mark 7:24 Two early mss add and Sidon
  14. Mark 7:26 Lit Greek
  15. Mark 7:27 Or proper
  16. Mark 7:27 I.e., pet dogs
  17. Mark 7:29 Lit word
  18. Mark 7:30 Lit thrown
  19. Mark 7:35 Lit bond
  20. Mark 7:35 Lit undone

Jésus et la tradition religieuse juive(A)

Des pharisiens et des spécialistes de la Loi venus de Jérusalem se rassemblèrent autour de Jésus. Ils remarquèrent que certains de ses disciples prenaient leur repas avec des mains « impures », c’est-à-dire qu’ils ne s’étaient pas lavé les mains. (En effet, les pharisiens, et les Juifs en général, ne se mettent jamais à table sans les avoir soigneusement lavées ; ils observent ainsi la tradition de leurs ancêtres. De même, en revenant du marché, ils ne mangent pas sans avoir fait leurs ablutions. Ils ont reçu beaucoup d’autres traditions qu’ils observent, comme celles de laver rituellement les coupes, les pots et les vases de bronze.) Les pharisiens et les spécialistes de la Loi demandèrent donc à Jésus : Pourquoi tes disciples ne se conforment-ils pas à la tradition de nos ancêtres ? Pourquoi prennent-ils leur repas avec des mains impures ?

– Hypocrites, leur répondit-il, Esaïe vous a fort bien dépeints dans sa prophétie où il est écrit :

Ce peuple m’honore des lèvres,
mais, au fond de son cœur, il est bien loin de moi !
Le culte qu’il me rend n’a aucune valeur,
car les enseignements qu’il donne
ne sont que des règles inventées par les hommes[a] .

Vous mettez de côté le commandement de Dieu, pour observer la tradition des hommes !

Puis il ajouta : Ah ! vous réussissez parfaitement à mettre de côté le commandement de Dieu pour établir votre propre tradition ! 10 En effet, Moïse a dit : Honore ton père et ta mère[b] et Que celui qui maudit son père ou sa mère soit puni de mort[c].

11 Mais vous, que dites-vous ? Si un homme dit à son père ou à sa mère : « La part de mes biens avec laquelle j’aurais pu t’assister est corban (c’est-à-dire offrande à Dieu) », 12 alors vous ne le laissez plus rien faire pour son père ou sa mère. 13 Voilà comment vous annulez la Parole de Dieu par votre tradition, celle que vous vous transmettez. Et vous faites bien d’autres choses du même genre.

14 Puis Jésus appela de nouveau la foule et lui dit : Ecoutez-moi tous, et comprenez-moi bien : 15 Rien de ce qui vient du dehors et qui pénètre dans l’homme ne peut le rendre impur. C’est, au contraire, ce qui sort de l’homme qui le rend impur ! [16 Si quelqu’un a des oreilles pour entendre, qu’il entende[d] !]

17 Lorsque Jésus, laissant la foule, fut rentré à la maison, ses disciples lui demandèrent de leur expliquer le sens de cette image.

18 Il leur répondit : Ainsi, vous non plus, vous ne comprenez pas ? Ne saisissez-vous pas ce que je veux dire ? De tout ce qui vient du dehors et pénètre dans l’homme, rien ne peut le rendre impur. 19 Tout cela, en effet, ne va pas dans son cœur mais dans son ventre, et est évacué par les voies naturelles. – Il déclarait par là même que tous les aliments sont purs. – 20 Et il ajouta : Ce qui sort de l’homme, c’est cela qui le rend impur. 21 Car c’est du dedans, c’est du cœur de l’homme que proviennent les pensées mauvaises, l’immoralité, le vol, le meurtre, 22 les adultères, l’envie, la méchanceté, la tromperie, le vice, la jalousie, le blasphème[e], l’orgueil, et toutes sortes de comportements insensés. 23 Tout ce mal sort du dedans et rend l’homme impur.

La foi d’une non-Juive(B)

24 Jésus partit de là et se rendit dans la région de Tyr. Il entra dans une maison ; il ne voulait pas qu’on sache qu’il était là, mais il ne put cacher sa présence. 25 En effet, à peine était-il arrivé, qu’une femme, qui avait entendu parler de lui et dont la fillette était sous l’emprise d’un esprit mauvais, vint se jeter à ses pieds. 26 C’était une femme païenne, originaire de Syro-Phénicie. Elle le supplia de chasser le démon qui tourmentait sa fille.

27 Jésus lui dit : Laisse d’abord se rassasier les enfants de la maison. Car il ne serait pas convenable de prendre le pain des enfants pour le jeter aux petits chiens.

28 – Sans doute, Seigneur, reprit-elle, mais les petits chiens, qui sont sous la table, mangent les miettes que laissent tomber les enfants.

29 Et Jésus de répondre : A cause de cette parole, va, retourne chez toi, le démon vient de sortir de ta fille.

30 Elle rentra chez elle et trouva son enfant couchée sur le lit : le démon était parti.

Guérison d’un sourd-muet

31 Jésus quitta la région de Tyr, passa par Sidon, et regagna le lac de Galilée en traversant le territoire des « Dix Villes ». 32 On lui amena un sourd qui avait du mal à parler et on le pria de lui imposer les mains. 33 Jésus l’emmena seul avec lui, loin de la foule : après avoir posé ses doigts sur les oreilles du malade, il les humecta de salive et lui toucha la langue ; 34 alors il leva les yeux au ciel, poussa un soupir et dit : Ephphatha (ce qui signifie : ouvre-toi).

35 Aussitôt les oreilles de cet homme s’ouvrirent, sa langue se délia et il se mit à parler correctement. 36 Jésus recommanda à ceux qui étaient là de n’en rien dire à personne ; mais plus il le leur défendait, plus ils en parlaient.

37 Remplies d’étonnement, les foules s’écriaient : Tout ce qu’il fait est magnifique : il fait entendre les sourds et parler les muets !

Footnotes

  1. 7.7 Es 29.13 cité selon l’ancienne version grecque.
  2. 7.10 Ex 20.12 ; Dt 5.16.
  3. 7.10 Ex 21.17.
  4. 7.16 Ce verset est absent de plusieurs manuscrits.
  5. 7.22 Autre traduction : les injures.

That Which Defiles(A)

The Pharisees and some of the teachers of the law who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus and saw some of his disciples eating food with hands that were defiled,(B) that is, unwashed. (The Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they give their hands a ceremonial washing, holding to the tradition of the elders.(C) When they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they wash. And they observe many other traditions, such as the washing of cups, pitchers and kettles.[a])(D)

So the Pharisees and teachers of the law asked Jesus, “Why don’t your disciples live according to the tradition of the elders(E) instead of eating their food with defiled hands?”

He replied, “Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites; as it is written:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.’[b](F)

You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to human traditions.”(G)

And he continued, “You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe[c] your own traditions!(H) 10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and mother,’[d](I) and, ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[e](J) 11 But you say(K) that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is Corban (that is, devoted to God)— 12 then you no longer let them do anything for their father or mother. 13 Thus you nullify the word of God(L) by your tradition(M) that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.”

14 Again Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. 15 Nothing outside a person can defile them by going into them. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles them.” [16] [f]

17 After he had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him(N) about this parable. 18 “Are you so dull?” he asked. “Don’t you see that nothing that enters a person from the outside can defile them? 19 For it doesn’t go into their heart but into their stomach, and then out of the body.” (In saying this, Jesus declared all foods(O) clean.)(P)

20 He went on: “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. 21 For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed,(Q) malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. 23 All these evils come from inside and defile a person.”

Jesus Honors a Syrophoenician Woman’s Faith(R)

24 Jesus left that place and went to the vicinity of Tyre.[g](S) He entered a house and did not want anyone to know it; yet he could not keep his presence secret. 25 In fact, as soon as she heard about him, a woman whose little daughter was possessed by an impure spirit(T) came and fell at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

27 “First let the children eat all they want,” he told her, “for it is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28 “Lord,” she replied, “even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then he told her, “For such a reply, you may go; the demon has left your daughter.”

30 She went home and found her child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

Jesus Heals a Deaf and Mute Man(U)

31 Then Jesus left the vicinity of Tyre(V) and went through Sidon, down to the Sea of Galilee(W) and into the region of the Decapolis.[h](X) 32 There some people brought to him a man who was deaf and could hardly talk,(Y) and they begged Jesus to place his hand on(Z) him.

33 After he took him aside, away from the crowd, Jesus put his fingers into the man’s ears. Then he spit(AA) and touched the man’s tongue. 34 He looked up to heaven(AB) and with a deep sigh(AC) said to him, “Ephphatha!” (which means “Be opened!”). 35 At this, the man’s ears were opened, his tongue was loosened and he began to speak plainly.(AD)

36 Jesus commanded them not to tell anyone.(AE) But the more he did so, the more they kept talking about it. 37 People were overwhelmed with amazement. “He has done everything well,” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:4 Some early manuscripts pitchers, kettles and dining couches
  2. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  3. Mark 7:9 Some manuscripts set up
  4. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  5. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  6. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include here the words of 4:23.
  7. Mark 7:24 Many early manuscripts Tyre and Sidon
  8. Mark 7:31 That is, the Ten Cities