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A lei de Deus e a tradição dos judeus

(Mt 15.1-20)

Depois disto, os fariseus e alguns dos professores da lei, que tinham vindo de Jerusalém, se aproximaram de Jesus e repararam que alguns dos seus discípulos estavam comendo com mãos impuras, isto é, estavam comendo sem antes terem lavado as mãos. (Pois os fariseus e todos os outros judeus não comem sem antes lavar suas mãos com muito cuidado, mantendo a tradição dos antigos. Quando voltam dos mercados das praças, eles não comem nada que não tenha sido muito bem lavado. E há também muitas outras tradições que eles observam, tais como a lavagem de copos, de jarros e até de panelas de metal.)[a] Então os professores da lei e os fariseus perguntaram a Jesus:

—Por que os teus discípulos não seguem a tradição dos antigos, mas ao invés disso, comem com as mãos impuras?

Mas Jesus lhes disse:

—Isaías tinha razão quando profetizou a respeito de vocês, hipócritas, quando escreveu:

“Este povo me honra com os seus lábios,
    mas o seu coração está longe de mim.
O culto que eles me prestam não vale nada,
    pois os ensinamentos que eles ensinam são mandamentos feitos por homens”.(A)

—Vocês deixam de lado o mandamento de Deus e se apegam à tradição dos homens.

E lhes disse ainda:

—Vocês são muito bons em deixar de lado os mandamentos de Deus e estabelecer os seus próprios ensinamentos. 10 Por exemplo: Moisés disse: “Respeitem o seu pai e a sua mãe”(B) e ainda: “Quem amaldiçoar o seu pai ou a sua mãe, será condenado à morte”.(C) 11 Mas vocês dizem que se alguém se aproximar de seu pai ou de sua mãe e disser: “Todos os recursos que eu poderia usar para ajudar a vocês são Corbã, isto é, oferta para o Senhor”, 12 então vocês o dispensam de fazer qualquer coisa para ajudar a seu pai ou a sua mãe. 13 Dessa forma vocês anulam os mandamentos de Deus pelas tradições que vocês têm transmitido. E assim como fazem isto, fazem também muitas outras coisas.

14 Jesus chamou a multidão para perto de si novamente e lhes disse:

—Escutem todos o que eu vou dizer, e entendam: 15 Não há nada fora de uma pessoa que, ao entrar nela, a torne impura. Mas, o que sai da pessoa é o que a contamina. 16 [b]

17 Quando Jesus deixou a multidão e foi para casa, os seus discípulos lhe perguntaram o significado daquela parábola. 18 E ele lhes disse:

—Será possível que nem vocês compreendem? Será que vocês não entendem que não há nada fora de uma pessoa que, ao entrar nela, possa contaminá-la, 19 pois não vai para o seu coração, mas sim para o estômago, e depois sai para fora do corpo? (E, ao dizer isto, ele estava declarando puras todas as comidas.)

20 Depois, acrescentou:

—É o que sai da pessoa que a torna impura, 21 pois é de dentro, do coração de cada um, que saem os maus pensamentos, os atos imorais, os roubos e os assassinatos. 22 É do coração também que saem os adultérios, as avarezas, as maldades, a má-fé, a imoralidade, a inveja, as calúnias, a arrogância e a tolice. 23 Todos estes males vêm de dentro, e são essas coisas que tornam uma pessoa impura.

Jesus ajuda uma mulher não-judia

(Mt 15.21-28)

24 Jesus partiu dali e foi para as redondezas da cidade de Tiro. Assim que chegou, entrou numa casa, pois não queria que ninguém soubesse que ele estava ali, mas foi impossível esconder-se. 25 Logo que uma mulher ouviu falar a respeito de Jesus, foi até ele e se ajoelhou a seus pés. (Ela tinha uma filha possuída por um demônio.) 26 A mulher era grega, da região siro-fenícia, e lhe implorava que expulsasse o demônio de sua filha. 27 Ele lhe disse:

—Deixe que as crianças se alimentem primeiro, pois não está certo tirar a comida das crianças para que seja dada aos cachorrinhos.

28 Ela, porém, disse:

—Sim, Senhor, mas ainda os cachorros que estão debaixo da mesa comem as migalhas que as crianças deixam cair.

29 Jesus, então, lhe disse:

—Por causa da resposta que me deu, você pode ir para sua casa em paz, pois o demônio já saiu da sua filha.

30 E depois de voltar para casa, a mulher encontrou a filha deitada na cama, pois o demônio já tinha saído dela.

Jesus cura um homem surdo e gago

31 Novamente Jesus partiu das redondezas da cidade de Tiro, e foi para o lago da Galileia, passando pela cidade de Sidom e também pelo território de Decápolis. 32 Assim que chegou lá, algumas pessoas levaram a ele um homem que era surdo e gago, e lhe pediram que pusesse a mão sobre ele. 33 Jesus o tirou do meio da multidão e, à parte, tocou nos ouvidos dele com os dedos, e em seguida tocou a língua do homem com saliva. 34 Depois, olhando para o céu, deu um suspiro profundo e disse:

Efatá!—(que quer dizer: “Abra-se!”).

35 E no mesmo instante os ouvidos do homem se abriram e a sua língua ficou livre e ele começou a falar normalmente.

36 Jesus tinha ordenado que eles não dissessem nada a ninguém, mas quanto mais ele pedia, mais eles falavam. 37 Todo o povo tinha ficado grandemente admirado e todos diziam:

—Ele faz tudo tão bem! Faz até mesmo com que os surdos ouçam e com que os mudos falem!

Footnotes

  1. 7.4 copos (…) panelas de metal Alguns manuscritos adicionam: “e camas”.
  2. 7.16 Algumas cópias gregas adicionam o versículo 16: “Aquele que pode ouvir, ouça!”

Jésus et la tradition religieuse juive(A)

Des pharisiens et des spécialistes de la Loi venus de Jérusalem se rassemblèrent autour de Jésus. Ils remarquèrent que certains de ses disciples prenaient leur repas avec des mains « impures », c’est-à-dire qu’ils ne s’étaient pas lavé les mains. (En effet, les pharisiens, et les Juifs en général, ne se mettent jamais à table sans les avoir soigneusement lavées ; ils observent ainsi la tradition de leurs ancêtres. De même, en revenant du marché, ils ne mangent pas sans avoir fait leurs ablutions. Ils ont reçu beaucoup d’autres traditions qu’ils observent, comme celles de laver rituellement les coupes, les pots et les vases de bronze.) Les pharisiens et les spécialistes de la Loi demandèrent donc à Jésus : Pourquoi tes disciples ne se conforment-ils pas à la tradition de nos ancêtres ? Pourquoi prennent-ils leur repas avec des mains impures ?

– Hypocrites, leur répondit-il, Esaïe vous a fort bien dépeints dans sa prophétie où il est écrit :

Ce peuple m’honore des lèvres,
mais, au fond de son cœur, il est bien loin de moi !
Le culte qu’il me rend n’a aucune valeur,
car les enseignements qu’il donne
ne sont que des règles inventées par les hommes[a] .

Vous mettez de côté le commandement de Dieu, pour observer la tradition des hommes !

Puis il ajouta : Ah ! vous réussissez parfaitement à mettre de côté le commandement de Dieu pour établir votre propre tradition ! 10 En effet, Moïse a dit : Honore ton père et ta mère[b] et Que celui qui maudit son père ou sa mère soit puni de mort[c].

11 Mais vous, que dites-vous ? Si un homme dit à son père ou à sa mère : « La part de mes biens avec laquelle j’aurais pu t’assister est corban (c’est-à-dire offrande à Dieu) », 12 alors vous ne le laissez plus rien faire pour son père ou sa mère. 13 Voilà comment vous annulez la Parole de Dieu par votre tradition, celle que vous vous transmettez. Et vous faites bien d’autres choses du même genre.

14 Puis Jésus appela de nouveau la foule et lui dit : Ecoutez-moi tous, et comprenez-moi bien : 15 Rien de ce qui vient du dehors et qui pénètre dans l’homme ne peut le rendre impur. C’est, au contraire, ce qui sort de l’homme qui le rend impur ! [16 Si quelqu’un a des oreilles pour entendre, qu’il entende[d] !]

17 Lorsque Jésus, laissant la foule, fut rentré à la maison, ses disciples lui demandèrent de leur expliquer le sens de cette image.

18 Il leur répondit : Ainsi, vous non plus, vous ne comprenez pas ? Ne saisissez-vous pas ce que je veux dire ? De tout ce qui vient du dehors et pénètre dans l’homme, rien ne peut le rendre impur. 19 Tout cela, en effet, ne va pas dans son cœur mais dans son ventre, et est évacué par les voies naturelles. – Il déclarait par là même que tous les aliments sont purs. – 20 Et il ajouta : Ce qui sort de l’homme, c’est cela qui le rend impur. 21 Car c’est du dedans, c’est du cœur de l’homme que proviennent les pensées mauvaises, l’immoralité, le vol, le meurtre, 22 les adultères, l’envie, la méchanceté, la tromperie, le vice, la jalousie, le blasphème[e], l’orgueil, et toutes sortes de comportements insensés. 23 Tout ce mal sort du dedans et rend l’homme impur.

La foi d’une non-Juive(B)

24 Jésus partit de là et se rendit dans la région de Tyr. Il entra dans une maison ; il ne voulait pas qu’on sache qu’il était là, mais il ne put cacher sa présence. 25 En effet, à peine était-il arrivé, qu’une femme, qui avait entendu parler de lui et dont la fillette était sous l’emprise d’un esprit mauvais, vint se jeter à ses pieds. 26 C’était une femme païenne, originaire de Syro-Phénicie. Elle le supplia de chasser le démon qui tourmentait sa fille.

27 Jésus lui dit : Laisse d’abord se rassasier les enfants de la maison. Car il ne serait pas convenable de prendre le pain des enfants pour le jeter aux petits chiens.

28 – Sans doute, Seigneur, reprit-elle, mais les petits chiens, qui sont sous la table, mangent les miettes que laissent tomber les enfants.

29 Et Jésus de répondre : A cause de cette parole, va, retourne chez toi, le démon vient de sortir de ta fille.

30 Elle rentra chez elle et trouva son enfant couchée sur le lit : le démon était parti.

Guérison d’un sourd-muet

31 Jésus quitta la région de Tyr, passa par Sidon, et regagna le lac de Galilée en traversant le territoire des « Dix Villes ». 32 On lui amena un sourd qui avait du mal à parler et on le pria de lui imposer les mains. 33 Jésus l’emmena seul avec lui, loin de la foule : après avoir posé ses doigts sur les oreilles du malade, il les humecta de salive et lui toucha la langue ; 34 alors il leva les yeux au ciel, poussa un soupir et dit : Ephphatha (ce qui signifie : ouvre-toi).

35 Aussitôt les oreilles de cet homme s’ouvrirent, sa langue se délia et il se mit à parler correctement. 36 Jésus recommanda à ceux qui étaient là de n’en rien dire à personne ; mais plus il le leur défendait, plus ils en parlaient.

37 Remplies d’étonnement, les foules s’écriaient : Tout ce qu’il fait est magnifique : il fait entendre les sourds et parler les muets !

Footnotes

  1. 7.7 Es 29.13 cité selon l’ancienne version grecque.
  2. 7.10 Ex 20.12 ; Dt 5.16.
  3. 7.10 Ex 21.17.
  4. 7.16 Ce verset est absent de plusieurs manuscrits.
  5. 7.22 Autre traduction : les injures.

That Which Defiles(A)

The Pharisees and some of the teachers of the law who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus and saw some of his disciples eating food with hands that were defiled,(B) that is, unwashed. (The Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they give their hands a ceremonial washing, holding to the tradition of the elders.(C) When they come from the marketplace they do not eat unless they wash. And they observe many other traditions, such as the washing of cups, pitchers and kettles.[a])(D)

So the Pharisees and teachers of the law asked Jesus, “Why don’t your disciples live according to the tradition of the elders(E) instead of eating their food with defiled hands?”

He replied, “Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites; as it is written:

“‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.’[b](F)

You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to human traditions.”(G)

And he continued, “You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe[c] your own traditions!(H) 10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and mother,’[d](I) and, ‘Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.’[e](J) 11 But you say(K) that if anyone declares that what might have been used to help their father or mother is Corban (that is, devoted to God)— 12 then you no longer let them do anything for their father or mother. 13 Thus you nullify the word of God(L) by your tradition(M) that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.”

14 Again Jesus called the crowd to him and said, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. 15 Nothing outside a person can defile them by going into them. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles them.” [16] [f]

17 After he had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him(N) about this parable. 18 “Are you so dull?” he asked. “Don’t you see that nothing that enters a person from the outside can defile them? 19 For it doesn’t go into their heart but into their stomach, and then out of the body.” (In saying this, Jesus declared all foods(O) clean.)(P)

20 He went on: “What comes out of a person is what defiles them. 21 For it is from within, out of a person’s heart, that evil thoughts come—sexual immorality, theft, murder, 22 adultery, greed,(Q) malice, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, arrogance and folly. 23 All these evils come from inside and defile a person.”

Jesus Honors a Syrophoenician Woman’s Faith(R)

24 Jesus left that place and went to the vicinity of Tyre.[g](S) He entered a house and did not want anyone to know it; yet he could not keep his presence secret. 25 In fact, as soon as she heard about him, a woman whose little daughter was possessed by an impure spirit(T) came and fell at his feet. 26 The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

27 “First let the children eat all they want,” he told her, “for it is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28 “Lord,” she replied, “even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then he told her, “For such a reply, you may go; the demon has left your daughter.”

30 She went home and found her child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

Jesus Heals a Deaf and Mute Man(U)

31 Then Jesus left the vicinity of Tyre(V) and went through Sidon, down to the Sea of Galilee(W) and into the region of the Decapolis.[h](X) 32 There some people brought to him a man who was deaf and could hardly talk,(Y) and they begged Jesus to place his hand on(Z) him.

33 After he took him aside, away from the crowd, Jesus put his fingers into the man’s ears. Then he spit(AA) and touched the man’s tongue. 34 He looked up to heaven(AB) and with a deep sigh(AC) said to him, “Ephphatha!” (which means “Be opened!”). 35 At this, the man’s ears were opened, his tongue was loosened and he began to speak plainly.(AD)

36 Jesus commanded them not to tell anyone.(AE) But the more he did so, the more they kept talking about it. 37 People were overwhelmed with amazement. “He has done everything well,” they said. “He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:4 Some early manuscripts pitchers, kettles and dining couches
  2. Mark 7:7 Isaiah 29:13
  3. Mark 7:9 Some manuscripts set up
  4. Mark 7:10 Exodus 20:12; Deut. 5:16
  5. Mark 7:10 Exodus 21:17; Lev. 20:9
  6. Mark 7:16 Some manuscripts include here the words of 4:23.
  7. Mark 7:24 Many early manuscripts Tyre and Sidon
  8. Mark 7:31 That is, the Ten Cities

Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.

And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault.

For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.

And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.

Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?

He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.

10 For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

11 But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.

12 And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his mother;

13 Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

14 And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:

15 There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.

16 If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.

17 And when he was entered into the house from the people, his disciples asked him concerning the parable.

18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it cannot defile him;

19 Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?

20 And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.

21 For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,

22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:

23 All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.

24 And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but he could not be hid.

25 For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:

26 The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter.

27 But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs.

28 And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children's crumbs.

29 And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy daughter.

30 And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the bed.

31 And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.

32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him.

33 And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue;

34 And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.

35 And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36 And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;

37 And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.

Defilement Comes from Within(A)

Then (B)the Pharisees and some of the scribes came together to Him, having come from Jerusalem. Now [a]when they saw some of His disciples eat bread with defiled, that is, with (C)unwashed hands, [b]they found fault. For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash their hands [c]in a special way, holding the (D)tradition of the elders. When they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other things which they have received and hold, like the washing of cups, pitchers, copper vessels, and couches.

(E)Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands?”

He answered and said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you (F)hypocrites, as it is written:

(G)‘This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far from Me.
And in vain they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men—[d]the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do.”

He said to them, All too well (H)you [e]reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 10 For Moses said, (I)‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, (J)‘He who curses father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a man says to his father or mother, (K)“Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban”—’ (that is, a gift to God), 12 then you no longer let him do anything for his father or his mother, 13 making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have handed down. And many such things you do.”

14 (L)When He had called all the multitude to Himself, He said to them, “Hear Me, everyone, and (M)understand: 15 There is nothing that enters a man from outside which can defile him; but the things which come out of him, those are the things that (N)defile a man. 16 (O)If[f] anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

17 (P)When He had entered a house away from the crowd, His disciples asked Him concerning the parable. 18 So He said to them, (Q)“Are you thus without understanding also? Do you not perceive that whatever enters a man from outside cannot defile him, 19 because it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and is eliminated, [g]thus purifying all foods?” 20 And He said, (R)“What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. 21 (S)For from within, out of the heart of men, (T)proceed evil thoughts, (U)adulteries, (V)fornications, murders, 22 thefts, (W)covetousness, wickedness, (X)deceit, (Y)lewdness, an evil eye, (Z)blasphemy, (AA)pride, foolishness. 23 All these evil things come from within and defile a man.”

A Gentile Shows Her Faith(AB)

24 (AC)From there He arose and went to the region of Tyre [h]and Sidon. And He entered a house and wanted no one to know it, but He could not be (AD)hidden. 25 For a woman whose young daughter had an unclean spirit heard about Him, and she came and (AE)fell at His feet. 26 The woman was a [i]Greek, a [j]Syro-Phoenician by birth, and she kept [k]asking Him to cast the demon out of her daughter. 27 But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not good to take the children’s bread and throw it to the little dogs.”

28 And she answered and said to Him, “Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs under the table eat from the children’s crumbs.”

29 Then He said to her, “For this saying go your way; the demon has gone out of your daughter.”

30 And when she had come to her house, she found the demon gone out, and her daughter lying on the bed.

Jesus Heals a Deaf-Mute(AF)

31 (AG)Again, departing from the region of Tyre and Sidon, He came through the midst of the region of Decapolis to the Sea of Galilee. 32 Then (AH)they brought to Him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech, and they begged Him to put His hand on him. 33 And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers in his ears, and (AI)He spat and touched his tongue. 34 Then, (AJ)looking up to heaven, (AK)He sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha,” that is, “Be opened.”

35 (AL)Immediately his ears were opened, and the [l]impediment of his tongue was loosed, and he spoke plainly. 36 Then (AM)He commanded them that they should tell no one; but the more He commanded them, the more widely they proclaimed it. 37 And they were (AN)astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He (AO)makes both the deaf to hear and the mute to speak.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 7:2 NU omits when
  2. Mark 7:2 NU omits they found fault
  3. Mark 7:3 Lit. with the fist
  4. Mark 7:8 NU omits the rest of v. 8.
  5. Mark 7:9 set aside
  6. Mark 7:16 NU omits v. 16.
  7. Mark 7:19 NU sets off the final phrase as Mark’s comment that Jesus has declared all foods clean.
  8. Mark 7:24 NU omits and Sidon
  9. Mark 7:26 Gentile
  10. Mark 7:26 A Syrian of Phoenicia
  11. Mark 7:26 begging
  12. Mark 7:35 Lit. bond