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A parábola dos lavradores maus

12 Então Jesus começou a lhes ensinar por meio de parábolas: “Um homem plantou um vinhedo. Construiu uma cerca ao seu redor, um tanque de prensar e uma torre para o guarda. Depois, arrendou o vinhedo a alguns lavradores e partiu para um lugar distante. No tempo da colheita da uva, enviou um de seus servos para receber sua parte da produção. Os lavradores agarraram o servo, o espancaram e o mandaram de volta de mãos vazias. Então o dono da terra enviou outro servo, mas eles o insultaram e bateram na cabeça dele. O próximo servo que ele mandou foi morto. Outros servos que ele enviou foram espancados ou mortos, até que só restou um: seu filho muito amado. Por fim, o dono o enviou, pois pensou: ‘Certamente respeitarão meu filho’.

“Os lavradores, porém, disseram uns aos outros: ‘Aí vem o herdeiro da propriedade. Vamos matá-lo e tomar posse desta terra!’. Então o agarraram, o mataram e jogaram seu corpo para fora do vinhedo.

“O que vocês acham que o dono do vinhedo fará?”, perguntou Jesus. “Ele virá, matará os lavradores e arrendará o vinhedo a outros. 10 Vocês nunca leram nas Escrituras:

‘A pedra que os construtores rejeitaram
se tornou a pedra angular.
11 Isso é obra do Senhor
e é maravilhosa de ver’?”[a]

12 Os líderes religiosos[b] queriam prender Jesus, pois perceberam que eram eles os lavradores maus a que Jesus se referia. No entanto, por medo da multidão, deixaram-no e foram embora.

Impostos para César

13 Mais tarde, os líderes enviaram alguns fariseus e membros do partido de Herodes com o objetivo de levar Jesus a dizer algo que desse motivo para o prenderem. 14 Disseram: “Mestre, sabemos como o senhor é honesto. É imparcial e não demonstra favoritismo. Ensina o caminho de Deus de acordo com a verdade. Agora, diga-nos: É certo pagar impostos a César ou não? 15 Devemos pagar ou não?”.

Jesus percebeu a hipocrisia deles e disse: “Por que vocês tentam me apanhar numa armadilha? Mostrem-me uma moeda de prata,[c] e eu lhes direi”. 16 Quando lhe deram a moeda, ele disse: “De quem são a imagem e o título nela gravados?”.

“De César”, responderam.

17 “Então deem a César o que pertence a César, e deem a Deus o que pertence a Deus”, disse ele.

Sua resposta os deixou muito admirados.

Discussão sobre a ressurreição dos mortos

18 Depois vieram a Jesus alguns saduceus, líderes religiosos que afirmam não haver ressurreição dos mortos, e perguntaram: 19 “Mestre, Moisés nos deu uma lei segundo a qual se um homem morrer sem deixar filhos, o irmão dele deve se casar com a viúva e ter um filho que dará continuidade ao nome do irmão.[d] 20 Numa família havia sete irmãos. O mais velho se casou e morreu sem deixar filhos. 21 O segundo irmão se casou com a viúva, mas também morreu sem deixar filhos. Então o terceiro irmão se casou com ela. 22 O mesmo aconteceu até o sétimo irmão, e nenhum deixou filhos. Por fim, a mulher também morreu. 23 Diga-nos, de quem ela será esposa na ressurreição? Afinal, os sete se casaram com ela”.

24 Jesus respondeu: “O erro de vocês está em não conhecerem as Escrituras nem o poder de Deus. 25 Pois, quando os mortos ressuscitarem, não se casarão nem se darão em casamento. Nesse sentido, serão como os anjos do céu.

26 “Agora, quanto a haver ressurreição dos mortos, vocês não leram a esse respeito nos escritos de Moisés, no relato sobre o arbusto em chamas? Deus disse a Moisés: ‘Eu sou o Deus de Abraão, o Deus de Isaque e o Deus de Jacó’.[e] 27 Portanto, ele é o Deus dos vivos, e não dos mortos. Vocês estão completamente enganados!”.

O mandamento mais importante

28 Um dos mestres da lei estava ali ouvindo a discussão. Ao perceber que Jesus tinha respondido bem, perguntou: “De todos os mandamentos, qual é o mais importante?”.

29 Jesus respondeu: “O mandamento mais importante é este: ‘Ouça, ó Israel! O Senhor, nosso Deus, é o único Senhor. 30 Ame o Senhor, seu Deus, de todo o seu coração, de toda a sua alma, de toda a sua mente e de todas as suas forças’.[f] 31 O segundo é igualmente importante: ‘Ame o seu próximo como a si mesmo’.[g] Nenhum outro mandamento é maior que esses”.

32 O mestre da lei respondeu: “Muito bem, mestre. O senhor falou a verdade ao dizer que há só um Deus, e nenhum outro. 33 E sei que é importante amá-lo de todo o meu coração, de todo o meu entendimento e de todas as minhas forças, e amar o meu próximo como a mim mesmo. É mais importante que oferecer todos os holocaustos e sacrifícios exigidos pela lei”.

34 Ao perceber quanto o homem compreendia, Jesus disse: “Você não está longe do reino de Deus”. Depois disso, ninguém se atreveu a lhe fazer mais perguntas.

De quem o Cristo é filho?

35 Mais tarde, enquanto ensinava o povo no templo, Jesus fez a seguinte pergunta: “Por que os mestres da lei afirmam que o Cristo é filho de Davi? 36 O próprio Davi, falando por meio do Espírito Santo, disse:

‘O Senhor disse ao meu Senhor:
Sente-se no lugar de honra à minha direita
até que eu humilhe seus inimigos
debaixo de seus pés’.[h]

37 Uma vez que Davi chamou o Cristo de ‘meu Senhor’, como ele pode ser filho de Davi?”.
E a grande multidão o ouvia com prazer.

Jesus critica os mestres da lei

38 Jesus também ensinou: “Cuidado com os mestres da lei! Eles gostam de se exibir com vestes longas e de receber saudações respeitosas quando andam pelas praças. 39 E como gostam de sentar-se nos lugares de honra nas sinagogas e à cabeceira da mesa nos banquetes! 40 No entanto, tomam posse dos bens das viúvas de maneira desonesta e, depois, para dar a impressão de piedade, fazem longas orações em público. Por causa disso, serão duramente castigados”.

A oferta da viúva

41 Jesus sentou-se perto da caixa de ofertas do templo e ficou observando o povo colocar o dinheiro. Muitos ricos contribuíam com grandes quantias. 42 Então veio uma viúva pobre e colocou duas moedas pequenas.[i]

43 Jesus chamou seus discípulos e disse: “Eu lhes digo a verdade: essa viúva depositou na caixa de ofertas mais que todos os outros. 44 Eles deram uma parte do que lhes sobrava, mas ela, em sua pobreza, deu tudo que tinha”.

Footnotes

  1. 12.10-11 Sl 118.22-23.
  2. 12.12 Em grego, Eles.
  3. 12.15 Em grego, 1 denário.
  4. 12.19 Ver Dt 25.5-6.
  5. 12.26 Êx 3.6.
  6. 12.29-30 Dt 6.4-5.
  7. 12.31 Lv 19.18.
  8. 12.36 Sl 110.1.
  9. 12.42 Em grego, 2 leptos, que valiam 1 quadrante.

Parable of the Vine-Growers

12 (A)And He began to speak to them in parables: (B)A man (C)planted a vineyard and put a [a]wall around it, and dug a vat under the wine press and built a tower, and rented it out to [b]vine-growers and went on a journey. And at the harvest time he sent a slave to the vine-growers, in order to receive some of the fruit of the vineyard from the vine-growers. And they took him, and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. And again he sent them another slave, and they wounded him in the head, and treated him shamefully. And he sent another, and that one they killed; and so with many others, beating some and killing others. He had one more, a beloved son; he sent him last of all to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ But those vine-growers said to one another, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours!’ And they took him, and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. What will the [c]owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the vine-growers, and will give the vineyard to others. 10 Have you not even read this Scripture:

(D)The stone which the builders rejected,
This has become the chief corner stone;
11 (E)This came about from the [d]Lord,
And it is marvelous in our eyes’?”

12 (F)And they were seeking to seize Him, and yet they feared the crowd, for they understood that He spoke the parable against them. And so (G)they left Him and went away.

Taxes to Caesar

13 (H)Then they *sent some of the Pharisees and (I)Herodians to Him in order to (J)trap Him in a statement. 14 And they *came and *said to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are truthful and [e]defer to no one; for You are not partial to any, but teach the way of God in truth. Is it [f]lawful to pay a tax to Caesar, or not? 15 Shall we pay or shall we not pay?” But He, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why are you testing Me? Bring Me a [g]denarius to look at.” 16 And they brought one. And He *said to them, “Whose likeness and inscription is this?” And they said to Him, “Caesar’s.” 17 And Jesus said to them, (K)Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they [h]were amazed at Him.

The Sadducees and the Resurrection

18 (L)Then some Sadducees (who say that there is no resurrection) *came to Jesus, and began questioning Him, saying, 19 “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that (M)if a mans brother dies and leaves behind a wife and leaves no child, his brother should [i]marry the wife and raise up a seed for his brother. 20 There were seven brothers; and the first [j]married a wife, and died leaving no [k]seed. 21 And the second one [l]married her, and died leaving behind no seed; and the third likewise; 22 and so [m]all seven left no seed. Last of all the woman died also. 23 In the resurrection, [n]when they rise again, whose wife will she be? For [o]all seven [p]had married her.” 24 Jesus said to them, “Is this not the reason you are mistaken, that you do not [q]understand the Scriptures nor the power of God? 25 For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. 26 But [r]regarding the fact that the dead are raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, (N)in the passage about the burning bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘(O)I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27 (P)He is not the God of the dead, but of the living; you are greatly mistaken.”

The Foremost Commandment

28 (Q)And when one of the scribes came and heard them arguing, he (R)recognized that He had answered them well and asked Him, “What commandment is the [s]foremost of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘(S)Hear, O Israel! The [t]Lord our God is one [u]Lord; 30 (T)and you shall love the [v]Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ 31 The second is this, ‘(U)You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 And the scribe said to Him, “Right, Teacher; You have truly stated that (V)He is One, and there is no one else besides Him; 33 (W)and to love Him with all the heart and with all the understanding and with all the strength, and to love ones neighbor as himself, (X)is much more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 34 And when Jesus saw that he had answered thoughtfully, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” (Y)After that, no one would dare to ask Him any more questions.

35 (Z)And Jesus began to say, as He (AA)taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the [w]Christ is the (AB)son of David? 36 David himself said [x]in the Holy Spirit,

(AC)The [y]Lord said to my Lord,
Sit at My right hand,
Until I put Your enemies beneath Your feet.”’

37 David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; so in what sense is He his son?” And (AD)the large crowd [z]enjoyed listening to Him.

38 (AE)And in His teaching He was saying: “Beware of the scribes who want to walk around in long robes, and want (AF)respectful greetings in the marketplaces, 39 and best seats in the synagogues and places of honor at banquets, 40 (AG)who devour widows’ houses, and for appearance’s sake offer long prayers; these will receive greater condemnation.”

The Widow’s Offering

41 (AH)And He sat down opposite (AI)the treasury, and began observing how the crowd was (AJ)putting [aa]money into the treasury; and many rich people were putting in large sums. 42 And a poor widow came and put in two [ab]lepta, which amount to a [ac]quadrans. 43 And calling His disciples to Him, He said to them, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all those putting money into the treasury; 44 for they all put in out of their [ad]surplus, but she, out of her poverty, put in all she owned, [ae]all she had (AK)to live on.”

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:1 Or fence
  2. Mark 12:1 Or tenant farmers, so in vv 2, 7, 9
  3. Mark 12:9 Lit lord
  4. Mark 12:11 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Ps 118:23
  5. Mark 12:14 You do not seek anyone’s favor; lit it is not a concern to You about anyone
  6. Mark 12:14 Or permissible
  7. Mark 12:15 A Roman silver coin, approx. a laborer’s daily wage
  8. Mark 12:17 Or were greatly marveling
  9. Mark 12:19 Lit take
  10. Mark 12:20 Lit took
  11. Mark 12:20 Or offspring
  12. Mark 12:21 Lit took
  13. Mark 12:22 Lit the seven
  14. Mark 12:23 Early mss omit when they rise again
  15. Mark 12:23 Lit the seven
  16. Mark 12:23 Lit had her as a wife
  17. Mark 12:24 Or know
  18. Mark 12:26 Lit concerning the dead, that they rise
  19. Mark 12:28 Or first
  20. Mark 12:29 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Deut 6:4
  21. Mark 12:29 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Deut 6:4
  22. Mark 12:30 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Deut 6:5
  23. Mark 12:35 Messiah
  24. Mark 12:36 Or by
  25. Mark 12:36 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Ps 110:1
  26. Mark 12:37 Lit was gladly hearing Him
  27. Mark 12:41 Copper coins
  28. Mark 12:42 Smallest Greek copper coin, approx. 1/128 of a laborer’s daily wage
  29. Mark 12:42 A Roman copper coin, approx. 1/64 of a laborer’s daily wage
  30. Mark 12:44 Or abundance
  31. Mark 12:44 Lit her whole livelihood

The Parable of the Tenants(A)

12 Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.(B) He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed.

“He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all,(C) saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

“But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;(D)
11 the Lord has done this,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes’[a]?”(E)

12 Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd;(F) so they left him and went away.(G)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(H)

13 Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians(I) to Jesus to catch him(J) in his words. 14 They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the imperial tax[b] to Caesar or not? 15 Should we pay or shouldn’t we?”

But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. “Why are you trying to trap me?” he asked. “Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16 They brought the coin, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

17 Then Jesus said to them, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.”(K)

And they were amazed at him.

Marriage at the Resurrection(L)

18 Then the Sadducees,(M) who say there is no resurrection,(N) came to him with a question. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(O) 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection[c] whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

24 Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures(P) or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.(Q) 26 Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[d]?(R) 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

The Greatest Commandment(S)

28 One of the teachers of the law(T) came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, “Of all the commandments, which is the most important?”

29 “The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[e] 30 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’[f](U) 31 The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[g](V) There is no commandment greater than these.”

32 “Well said, teacher,” the man replied. “You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him.(W) 33 To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”(X)

34 When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”(Y) And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.(Z)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AA)(AB)

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts,(AC) he asked, “Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David?(AD) 36 David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit,(AE) declared:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[h](AF)

37 David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

The large crowd(AG) listened to him with delight.

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

38 As he taught, Jesus said, “Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the marketplaces, 39 and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AH) 40 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

The Widow’s Offering(AI)

41 Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put(AJ) and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. 42 But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents.

43 Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. 44 They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”(AK)

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:11 Psalm 118:22,23
  2. Mark 12:14 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  3. Mark 12:23 Some manuscripts resurrection, when people rise from the dead,
  4. Mark 12:26 Exodus 3:6
  5. Mark 12:29 Or The Lord our God is one Lord
  6. Mark 12:30 Deut. 6:4,5
  7. Mark 12:31 Lev. 19:18
  8. Mark 12:36 Psalm 110:1