Woes on the Pharisees and the Experts in the Law

³⁷ When Jesus had finished speaking, a Pharisee invited him to eat with him; so he went in and reclined at the table.^{(A) 38} But the Pharisee was surprised when he noticed that Jesus did not first wash before the meal.^(B)

³⁹ Then the Lord^(C) said to him, “Now then, you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness.^{(D) 40} You foolish people!^(E) Did not the one who made the outside make the inside also? ⁴¹ But now as for what is inside you—be generous to the poor,^(F) and everything will be clean for you.^(G)

⁴² “Woe to you Pharisees, because you give God a tenth^(H) of your mint, rue and all other kinds of garden herbs, but you neglect justice and the love of God.^(I) You should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone.^(J)

⁴³ “Woe to you Pharisees, because you love the most important seats in the synagogues and respectful greetings in the marketplaces.^(K)

⁴⁴ “Woe to you, because you are like unmarked graves,^(L) which people walk over without knowing it.”

⁴⁵ One of the experts in the law^(M) answered him, “Teacher, when you say these things, you insult us also.”

⁴⁶ Jesus replied, “And you experts in the law, woe to you, because you load people down with burdens they can hardly carry, and you yourselves will not lift one finger to help them.^(N)

⁴⁷ “Woe to you, because you build tombs for the prophets, and it was your ancestors who killed them. ⁴⁸ So you testify that you approve of what your ancestors did; they killed the prophets, and you build their tombs.^{(O) 49} Because of this, God in his wisdom^(P) said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, some of whom they will kill and others they will persecute.’^{(Q) 50} Therefore this generation will be held responsible for the blood of all the prophets that has been shed since the beginning of the world, ⁵¹ from the blood of Abel^(R) to the blood of Zechariah,^(S) who was killed between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, this generation will be held responsible for it all.^(T)

⁵² “Woe to you experts in the law, because you have taken away the key to knowledge. You yourselves have not entered, and you have hindered those who were entering.”^(U)

⁵³ When Jesus went outside, the Pharisees and the teachers of the law began to oppose him fiercely and to besiege him with questions, ⁵⁴ waiting to catch him in something he might say.^(V)

Jesus Teaches Nicodemus

3 Now there was a Pharisee, a man named Nicodemus^(A) who was a member of the Jewish ruling council.^{(B) 2} He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi,^(C) we know^(D) that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs^(E) you are doing if God were not with him.”^(F)

³ Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again.^[a]”^(G)

⁴ “How can someone be born when they are old?” Nicodemus asked. “Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother’s womb to be born!”

⁵ Jesus answered, “Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit.^{(H) 6} Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit^[b] gives birth to spirit.^{(I) 7} You should not be surprised at my saying, ‘You^[c] must be born again.’