Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us,

Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word;

It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,

That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.

And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.

And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years.

And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course,

According to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord.

10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense.

11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

12 And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him.

13 But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall bear thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John.

14 And thou shalt have joy and gladness; and many shall rejoice at his birth.

15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb.

16 And many of the children of Israel shall he turn to the Lord their God.

17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

18 And Zacharias said unto the angel, Whereby shall I know this? for I am an old man, and my wife well stricken in years.

19 And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.

20 And, behold, thou shalt be dumb, and not able to speak, until the day that these things shall be performed, because thou believest not my words, which shall be fulfilled in their season.

21 And the people waited for Zacharias, and marvelled that he tarried so long in the temple.

22 And when he came out, he could not speak unto them: and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple: for he beckoned unto them, and remained speechless.

23 And it came to pass, that, as soon as the days of his ministration were accomplished, he departed to his own house.

24 And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying,

25 Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men.

26 And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth,

27 To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary.

28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.

30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God.

31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus.

32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David:

33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.

34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?

35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.

36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren.

37 For with God nothing shall be impossible.

38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.

39 And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Juda;

40 And entered into the house of Zacharias, and saluted Elisabeth.

41 And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost:

42 And she spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.

43 And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

44 For, lo, as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in mine ears, the babe leaped in my womb for joy.

45 And blessed is she that believed: for there shall be a performance of those things which were told her from the Lord.

46 And Mary said, My soul doth magnify the Lord,

47 And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour.

48 For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.

49 For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name.

50 And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.

51 He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52 He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

53 He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.

54 He hath helped his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy;

55 As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever.

56 And Mary abode with her about three months, and returned to her own house.

57 Now Elisabeth's full time came that she should be delivered; and she brought forth a son.

58 And her neighbours and her cousins heard how the Lord had shewed great mercy upon her; and they rejoiced with her.

59 And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father.

60 And his mother answered and said, Not so; but he shall be called John.

61 And they said unto her, There is none of thy kindred that is called by this name.

62 And they made signs to his father, how he would have him called.

63 And he asked for a writing table, and wrote, saying, His name is John. And they marvelled all.

64 And his mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue loosed, and he spake, and praised God.

65 And fear came on all that dwelt round about them: and all these sayings were noised abroad throughout all the hill country of Judaea.

66 And all they that heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, What manner of child shall this be! And the hand of the Lord was with him.

67 And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Ghost, and prophesied, saying,

68 Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people,

69 And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David;

70 As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began:

71 That we should be saved from our enemies, and from the hand of all that hate us;

72 To perform the mercy promised to our fathers, and to remember his holy covenant;

73 The oath which he sware to our father Abraham,

74 That he would grant unto us, that we being delivered out of the hand of our enemies might serve him without fear,

75 In holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.

76 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways;

77 To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins,

78 Through the tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us,

79 To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.

80 And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day of his shewing unto Israel.

Introduction(A)

Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled[a] among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first(B) were eyewitnesses(C) and servants of the word.(D) With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account(E) for you, most excellent(F) Theophilus,(G) so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.(H)

The Birth of John the Baptist Foretold

In the time of Herod king of Judea(I) there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah;(J) his wife Elizabeth was also a descendant of Aaron. Both of them were righteous in the sight of God, observing all the Lord’s commands and decrees blamelessly.(K) But they were childless because Elizabeth was not able to conceive, and they were both very old.

Once when Zechariah’s division was on duty and he was serving as priest before God,(L) he was chosen by lot,(M) according to the custom of the priesthood, to go into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.(N) 10 And when the time for the burning of incense came, all the assembled worshipers were praying outside.(O)

11 Then an angel(P) of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right side of the altar of incense.(Q) 12 When Zechariah saw him, he was startled and was gripped with fear.(R) 13 But the angel said to him: “Do not be afraid,(S) Zechariah; your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to call him John.(T) 14 He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice because of his birth,(U) 15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He is never to take wine or other fermented drink,(V) and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit(W) even before he is born.(X) 16 He will bring back many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 And he will go on before the Lord,(Y) in the spirit and power of Elijah,(Z) to turn the hearts of the parents to their children(AA) and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”(AB)

18 Zechariah asked the angel, “How can I be sure of this?(AC) I am an old man and my wife is well along in years.”(AD)

19 The angel said to him, “I am Gabriel.(AE) I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news. 20 And now you will be silent and not able to speak(AF) until the day this happens, because you did not believe my words, which will come true at their appointed time.”

21 Meanwhile, the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he stayed so long in the temple. 22 When he came out, he could not speak to them. They realized he had seen a vision in the temple, for he kept making signs(AG) to them but remained unable to speak.

23 When his time of service was completed, he returned home. 24 After this his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. 25 “The Lord has done this for me,” she said. “In these days he has shown his favor and taken away my disgrace(AH) among the people.”

The Birth of Jesus Foretold

26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel(AI) to Nazareth,(AJ) a town in Galilee, 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph,(AK) a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”

29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid,(AL) Mary; you have found favor with God.(AM) 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus.(AN) 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.(AO) The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,(AP) 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom(AQ) will never end.”(AR)

34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?”

35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you,(AS) and the power of the Most High(AT) will overshadow you. So the holy one(AU) to be born will be called[b] the Son of God.(AV) 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child(AW) in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. 37 For no word from God will ever fail.”(AX)

38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

39 At that time Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea,(AY) 40 where she entered Zechariah’s home and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.(AZ) 42 In a loud voice she exclaimed: “Blessed are you among women,(BA) and blessed is the child you will bear! 43 But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord(BB) should come to me? 44 As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. 45 Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!”

Mary’s Song(BC)

46 And Mary said:

“My soul glorifies the Lord(BD)
47     and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,(BE)
48 for he has been mindful
    of the humble state of his servant.(BF)
From now on all generations will call me blessed,(BG)
49     for the Mighty One has done great things(BH) for me—
    holy is his name.(BI)
50 His mercy extends to those who fear him,
    from generation to generation.(BJ)
51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;(BK)
    he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.(BL)
52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones
    but has lifted up the humble.(BM)
53 He has filled the hungry with good things(BN)
    but has sent the rich away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel,
    remembering to be merciful(BO)
55 to Abraham and his descendants(BP) forever,
    just as he promised our ancestors.”

56 Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home.

The Birth of John the Baptist

57 When it was time for Elizabeth to have her baby, she gave birth to a son. 58 Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown her great mercy, and they shared her joy.

59 On the eighth day they came to circumcise(BQ) the child, and they were going to name him after his father Zechariah, 60 but his mother spoke up and said, “No! He is to be called John.”(BR)

61 They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who has that name.”

62 Then they made signs(BS) to his father, to find out what he would like to name the child. 63 He asked for a writing tablet, and to everyone’s astonishment he wrote, “His name is John.”(BT) 64 Immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue set free, and he began to speak,(BU) praising God. 65 All the neighbors were filled with awe, and throughout the hill country of Judea(BV) people were talking about all these things. 66 Everyone who heard this wondered about it, asking, “What then is this child going to be?” For the Lord’s hand was with him.(BW)

Zechariah’s Song

67 His father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit(BX) and prophesied:(BY)

68 “Praise be to the Lord, the God of Israel,(BZ)
    because he has come to his people and redeemed them.(CA)
69 He has raised up a horn[c](CB) of salvation for us
    in the house of his servant David(CC)
70 (as he said through his holy prophets of long ago),(CD)
71 salvation from our enemies
    and from the hand of all who hate us—
72 to show mercy to our ancestors(CE)
    and to remember his holy covenant,(CF)
73     the oath he swore to our father Abraham:(CG)
74 to rescue us from the hand of our enemies,
    and to enable us to serve him(CH) without fear(CI)
75     in holiness and righteousness(CJ) before him all our days.

76 And you, my child, will be called a prophet(CK) of the Most High;(CL)
    for you will go on before the Lord to prepare the way for him,(CM)
77 to give his people the knowledge of salvation
    through the forgiveness of their sins,(CN)
78 because of the tender mercy of our God,
    by which the rising sun(CO) will come to us from heaven
79 to shine on those living in darkness
    and in the shadow of death,(CP)
to guide our feet into the path of peace.”(CQ)

80 And the child grew and became strong in spirit[d];(CR) and he lived in the wilderness until he appeared publicly to Israel.

Footnotes

  1. Luke 1:1 Or been surely believed
  2. Luke 1:35 Or So the child to be born will be called holy,
  3. Luke 1:69 Horn here symbolizes a strong king.
  4. Luke 1:80 Or in the Spirit

De geboorte van Johannes de Doper aangekondigd

Beste Theofilus, er zijn al verscheidene boeken over het leven van Jezus Christus geschreven. Men is daarbij steeds uitgegaan van wat de eerste leerlingen en andere ooggetuigen hebben verteld. Toch dacht ik dat het nuttig zou zijn alles nog eens nauwkeurig na te gaan en u daarvan een geordend verslag uit te brengen. U zult zien dat het volledig overeenstemt met wat u is geleerd.

Mijn verhaal begint bij de Joodse priester Zacharias, die leefde in de tijd dat Herodes koning van Judea was. Hij behoorde tot de priesterafdeling van Abia. Zijn vrouw Elisabeth kwam net als hijzelf uit het priestergeslacht van Aäron. Zacharias en Elisabeth waren goede mensen, die zich stipt aan Gods wetten hielden. Zij hadden geen kinderen, omdat Elisabeth onvruchtbaar was. Op het moment dat dit verhaal begint, waren zij allebei al erg oud.

Op een dag had Zacharias dienst in de tempel, omdat zijn afdeling aan de beurt was. Er werd altijd om geloot wie het heiligdom van God zou binnengaan om wierook te branden. Deze keer was het lot op Zacharias gevallen. 10 Terwijl hij in het heiligdom bezig was, stonden op het tempelplein vele mensen te bidden. 11 Plotseling zag Zacharias een engel van de Here staan, rechts van het altaar waarop de wierook werd gebrand. 12 Hij wist niet wat hem overkwam en werd bang. 13 De engel zei: ‘Wees niet bang, Zacharias. Ik ben gekomen om u te vertellen dat God uw gebed heeft verhoord. Uw vrouw Elisabeth zal een zoon krijgen en u moet hem Johannes noemen. 14 Hij zal u en vele andere mensen heel erg blij maken. 15 Uw zoon zal een groot man zijn in de ogen van de Here. Hij mag geen druppel wijn of sterke drank drinken en al voor zijn geboorte zal hij vol zijn van de Heilige Geest. 16 Hij zal vele Joden ervan overtuigen dat zij moeten terugkeren tot de Here, hun God. 17 Hij zal een bijzondere man zijn, een boodschapper met dezelfde geest en kracht als de profeet Elia. Hij zal ouders en kinderen verzoenen en de ongehoorzamen weer op het pad van de rechtvaardigheid brengen. Zo vormt hij een volk dat gereedstaat voor God.’ 18 Zacharias zei tegen de engel: ‘Moet ik dat zomaar geloven? Ik ben immers al oud en mijn vrouw ook!’

19 Toen zei de engel: ‘Ik ben Gabriël en leef heel dicht bij God. Hij heeft mij naar u toegestuurd om u dit te vertellen, maar u wilt mij niet geloven. 20 Daarom zult u vanaf nu niet meer kunnen spreken. Pas als het kind geboren is, zult u weer kunnen spreken. Want wat ik heb gezegd, zal precies op tijd uitkomen.’ 21 Ondertussen stonden de mensen buiten op Zacharias te wachten. Zij vroegen zich af waarom hij zo lang in het heiligdom bleef. 22 Eindelijk kwam hij naar buiten, maar hij zei niets. Hij kon geen woord uitbrengen. Uit zijn gebaren konden zij opmaken dat hij in het heiligdom een engel had gezien. 23 Zacharias bleef in de tempel tot zijn dienst voorbij was en ging toen naar huis terug. 24 Kort daarna werd Elisabeth zwanger. Vijf maanden lang kwam zij niet onder de mensen. 25 ‘Wat is de Here goed voor mij!’ juichte zij. ‘Hij heeft de schande van mij weggenomen dat ik geen kinderen had.’

De geboorte van Jezus aangekondigd

26 Toen Elisabeth in haar zesde maand was, stuurde God de engel Gabriël naar Nazareth, een stad in Galilea. 27 Hij moest bij Maria zijn, een jonge vrouw die verloofd was met een zekere Jozef, die nog van koning David afstamde. 28 Gabriël kwam bij haar binnen en zei: ‘Ik wens u vrede toe! U bent een gelukkige vrouw. De Here zij met u!’ 29 Maria raakte daardoor in de war en werd bang. Zij vroeg zich af wat hij bedoelde. 30 ‘Wees niet bang, Maria,’ zei de engel, ‘want God heeft besloten u heel bijzonder te zegenen. 31 U zult zwanger worden en een zoon krijgen, die u de naam Jezus moet geven. 32 Hij zal een groot man zijn en Zoon van de Allerhoogste worden genoemd. God, de Here, zal Hem de troon van zijn voorvader David geven. 33 Hij zal voor altijd over het volk Israël regeren en aan zijn regering zal geen einde komen.’

34 ‘Maar hoe kan ik een kind krijgen?’ vroeg Maria. ‘Ik ben nog maagd.’ 35 De engel antwoordde: ‘De Heilige Geest zal over u komen. U zult zwanger worden door de kracht van God. Daarom zal uw Kind heilig zijn en de Zoon van God worden genoemd. 36 Ik heb nog meer nieuws. Het is over uw oude tante Elisabeth. U weet dat zij geen kinderen kon krijgen, maar nu verwacht zij een zoon. Zij is al in haar zesde maand. 37 Voor God is niets onmogelijk. Wat Hij zegt, gebeurt.’

38 ‘Goed,’ zei Maria, ‘de Here mag met mij doen wat Hij wil. Ik hoop dat het zo zal gaan als u mij hebt gezegd.’ Daarop ging de engel weg.

39 Kort daarop reisde Maria zo vlug zij kon naar het bergland van Judea om Elisabeth te bezoeken. 40 Zij ging het huis van Zacharias binnen en groette Elisabeth. 41 Toen Elisabeth de groet van Maria hoorde, begon het kind in haar buik te trappelen. En Elisabeth zelf werd vol van de Heilige Geest. 42 Zij jubelde het uit en zei tegen Maria: ‘Jij bent de meest gezegende vrouw van de hele wereld en jouw kind draagt Gods zegen.

43 Wat een eer dat de moeder van mijn Here bij mij op bezoek komt. 44 Want toen je binnenkwam en ik je stem hoorde, begon het kind in mijn buik te trappelen van blijdschap. 45 Jij hebt geloofd dat God zou doen wat Hij zei. Wat een geluk!’

46 Maria antwoordde: ‘Ik prijs de Here met mijn hele hart! 47 Ik kan mijn blijdschap niet op! 48 God, mijn Redder, heeft aan mij gedacht. En ik ben maar een gewone vrouw. Nu zullen de mensen altijd en overal zeggen dat ik bevoorrecht ben, 49 want de machtige, heilige God heeft grote dingen voor mij gedaan. 50 Hij is altijd goed voor mensen, die ontzag voor Hem hebben. 51 Hij heeft laten zien hoe groot en machtig Hij is. Hij heeft hoogmoedige mensen in verwarring gebracht 52 en vorsten van hun troon gestoten. Maar gewone mensen zijn door Hem op een voetstuk gezet. 53 Hij heeft hongerigen overladen met het goede en rijken met lege handen weggestuurd. 54 Hij heeft zijn knecht Israël geholpen. 55 Hij is zijn belofte niet vergeten, want hij had Abraham en zijn kinderen beloofd altijd goed voor hen te zijn.’

56 Maria bleef ongeveer drie maanden bij Elisabeth. Toen ging zij terug naar huis. 57 De dag kwam dat Elisabeths kind geboren werd en het was een jongen. 58 Natuurlijk kwamen haar buren en familieleden het al gauw te weten. Iedereen was blij omdat de Here zo goed voor haar was geweest. 59 Toen het kind acht dagen oud was, werd naar Joods gebruik zijn voorhuid weggesneden en kreeg hij zijn naam. Ieder die bij deze plechtigheid aanwezig was, dacht dat het kind net als zijn vader Zacharias zou heten. 60 Maar Elisabeth zei: ‘Nee! Hij moet Johannes heten.’ 61 ‘Johannes? Er is toch niemand in de hele familie die zo heet!’ zei men. 62 Ze vroegen de vader wat hij ervan vond. 63 Hij maakte hun duidelijk dat hij iets wilde hebben om op te schrijven. 64 Tot ieders verbazing schreef hij: ‘Zijn naam is Johannes.’ Op hetzelfde moment kon hij weer spreken en begon hij God te prijzen. 65 Dit maakte diepe indruk op de mensen. Overal in het bergland van Judea werd erover gesproken. 66 Ieder die het nieuws hoorde, nam het ter harte en zei: ‘Wat zal er van dat kind worden?’ Want het was duidelijk dat de Here iets bijzonders met hem voorhad. 67 Zacharias werd vol van de Heilige Geest, die hem liet zeggen: 68 ‘Prijs de Here, de God van Israël. Hij heeft zijn volk bezocht en gered. 69 Hij heeft ons een machtige Redder gestuurd uit het geslacht van zijn dienaar David, 70 zoals Hij lang geleden door zijn heilige profeten had beloofd. 71 Hij heeft ons iemand gestuurd die ons zal redden uit de handen van onze vijanden, van allen die ons haten. 72 Hij is goed voor onze voorouders geweest. 73 Hij heeft zijn plechtige belofte aan Abraham niet vergeten. 74 Hij heeft ons het voorrecht gegeven Hem te dienen zonder angst, bevrijd uit de handen van onze vijanden. 75 Wij mogen bij Hem horen en doen wat Hij zegt, heel ons leven lang.

76 En jij, kind, jij zult een profeet van de Allerhoogste God worden genoemd. Jij zult voor de Redder uitgaan om zijn volk voor te bereiden op zijn komst. 77 Jij zult hun vertellen dat zij gered kunnen worden door de vergeving van hun zonden. 78 Want het hart van onze God loopt over van liefde en goedheid. Een hemels licht zal op ons schijnen, 79 zodat de mensen die in het donker en de schaduw van de dood zitten, weer kunnen zien en wij op de weg van de vrede worden gebracht.’

80 De jonge Johannes groeide op en werd sterk gemaakt door de Heilige Geest. Hij hield zich op in dorre streken en bleef daar tot de dag dat hij in het openbaar in Israël optrad.