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De judiska ledarna ifrågasätter Jesus fullmakt

(Matt 21:23-27; Mark 11:27-33)

20 En dag när Jesus undervisade folket i templet om evangeliet, kom översteprästerna och de skriftlärda och folkets ledare fram och frågade honom: ”Säg oss vad du har för fullmakt att göra detta, och vem det är som har gett dig den fullmakten?”

Jesus sa: ”Jag vill också ställa en fråga till er. Svara mig: Var Johannes dop från himlen eller från människorna?”

De började genast diskutera med varandra och sa: ”Om vi säger att det var från himlen, så kommer han att fråga varför vi inte trodde på honom. Men om vi säger att det var från människor, då kommer folket att stena oss. De är ju övertygade om att Johannes var en profet.” Därför svarade de till slut: ”Vi vet inte.”

Då sa Jesus till dem: ”I så fall säger inte jag heller vad jag har för fullmakt att göra detta.”

Liknelsen om mannen som arrenderade ut sin vingård

(Matt 21:33-46; Mark 12:1-12)

Sedan berättade han för folket denna liknelse: ”En man planterade en vingård och arrenderade ut den till några lantbrukare medan han själv reste bort för en längre tid. 10 När det så blev dags att skörda, sände han en av sina tjänare till lantbrukarna för att hämta den del av skörden som var hans. Men de överföll tjänaren och skickade tillbaka honom tomhänt. 11 Ägaren sände då en annan tjänare, men han blev misshandlad och förolämpad och skickades iväg tomhänt. 12 Också en tredje tjänare sändes dit, men även honom slog de blodig och kastade ut.

13 ’Vad ska jag göra?’ sa ägaren. ’Jo, jag sänder min egen älskade son. Honom visar de väl respekt för.’

14 Men när lantbrukarna fick se sonen, sa de till varandra: ’Här kommer arvtagaren. Kom så dödar vi honom, och då blir arvet vårt!’ 15 Så släpade de ut sonen ur vingården och dödade honom.”

”Vad ska nu vingårdsägaren göra med dem?” frågade Jesus. 16 ”Jo, han kommer själv dit och dödar dem och ger sedan vingården till andra.”

När de hörde detta, sa de: ”Nej! Det får aldrig hända!”

17 Men Jesus såg på dem och sa: ”Vad betyder då det som står skrivet:

’Den sten som inte dög åt byggnadsarbetarna
    har blivit en hörnsten.’[a]

18 Var och en som snubblar på den stenen blir krossad, och den som stenen faller på blir söndersmulad.[b] ”

19 De skriftlärda och översteprästerna ville arrestera Jesus genast, men de var rädda för folket. De förstod att det var dem han syftade på i liknelsen.

Ska man betala skatt till kejsaren?

(Matt 22:15-22; Mark 12:13-17)

20 Medan de väntade på sitt tillfälle, skickade de iväg några som skulle låtsas vara rättfärdiga och som var ute efter att få Jesus att säga något som de kunde arrestera honom för, för att sedan kunna överlämna honom åt landshövdingens makt och myndighet.

21 ”Mästare”, frågade de honom, ”vi vet att du har rätt när du talar och undervisar. Du låter dig inte påverkas av människor, utan lär oss i sanning Guds väg. 22 Är det rätt eller inte att betala skatt till kejsaren?”

23 Men Jesus genomskådade deras list och sa: 24 ”Visa mig en denar. Vems bild finns på den, och vems underskrift?”

”Kejsarens”, svarade de.

25 ”Då så”, sa han, ”ge kejsaren det som är hans och Gud det som är Guds.”

26 De lyckades alltså inte sätta fast honom för något han sa när folket hörde på. De förvånades över hans svar och blev alldeles tysta.

Ska de döda uppstå igen?

(Matt 22:23-33; Mark 12:18-27)

27 Sedan kom några saddukeer[c] till honom. De påstår att det inte finns någon uppståndelse, så de frågade:

28 ”Mästare, Mose skrev att om en man dör barnlös, ska hans bror gifta sig med änkan och skaffa en arvtagare åt sin bror.[d] 29 Nu fanns det sju bröder. Den äldste gifte sig och dog barnlös. 30 Bror nummer två 31 och tre gifte sig med änkan, och så fortsatte det tills alla sju hade varit gifta med henne och dött utan att lämna några barn efter sig. 32 Till slut dog också kvinnan. 33 När de nu uppstår från de döda, vems hustru blir hon då? Alla sju har ju varit gifta med henne.”

34 Jesus svarade saddukeerna: ”Den här tidsålderns människor gifter sig och blir bortgifta. 35 De som anses värdiga att få vara med i den kommande tidsåldern och uppstå från de döda, de ska inte gifta sig eller bli bortgifta. 36 De kan inte heller dö, utan ska vara som änglarna. De är Guds barn, för de har uppstått. 37 Att de döda uppstår bevisar också Mose när han talar om törnbusken. Han kallar Herren för Abrahams, Isaks och Jakobs Gud.[e] 38 Gud är alltså inte en gud för döda, utan för levande. Alla är levande för honom.”

39 ”Det var bra svarat, Mästare”, sa några av de skriftlärda. 40 Och sedan vågade ingen ställa några fler frågor till honom.

Är Messias ättling till David?

(Matt 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37)

41 Sedan frågade Jesus dem: ”Hur kan man säga att Messias är Davids Son? 42 David själv skrev ju i Psaltaren:

’Herren sa till min Herre:
    Sätt dig på min högra sida,
43 tills jag har lagt dina fiender
    som en pall under dina fötter.’[f]

44 David kallar honom för Herre, hur skulle han då kunna vara Davids Son?”

Jesus varnar för de religiösa ledarnas dubbelmoral

(Matt 23:1-7; Mark 12:38-39)

45 Medan folket lyssnade sa Jesus till sina lärjungar: 46 ”Akta er för de skriftlärda, som älskar att gå omkring i långa dräkter och gärna vill bli hälsade på torgen, ta plats på främsta raden i synagogan och sitta vid honnörsborden under festerna. 47 De äter änkorna ur husen och ber långa böner för syns skull. De kommer att straffas desto hårdare.”

Footnotes

  1. 20:17 Se Ps 118:22. Jesus förklarar här att profetiorna om Messias handlar om honom.
  2. 20:18 Jfr Dan 2:34 och Jes 8:14-15.
  3. 20:27 Se not till Matt 16:1.
  4. 20:28 Se 5 Mos 25:5-6; den förstfödde sonen skulle ärva den avlidne.
  5. 20:37 Se 2 Mos 3:6.
  6. 20:43 Se Ps 110:1.

Откъде идва властта на Исус

(Мат. 21:23-27; Мк. 11:27-33)

20 Един ден Исус беше в храма, поучаваше хората и им съобщаваше Благата вест за Божието царство. Главните свещеници заедно със законоучителите и старейшините дойдоха при него и го попитаха: „Кажи ни, с чия власт вършиш всичко това? Кой ти я даде?“

Исус им отговори: „Аз също ще ви задам един въпрос. Кажете ми: Йоановото кръщение от Бога ли беше или от хората?“

Те започнаха да обсъждат помежду си: „Ако отговорим: „От Бога“, той ще каже: „Защо тогава не му повярвахте?“ Ако пък кажем: „От хората“, целият народ ще ни убие с камъни, защото вярва, че Йоан е пророк.“ Затова отговориха: „Не знаем.“

Тогава Исус им каза: „И аз няма да ви кажа с чия власт върша всичко това.“

Бог изпраща своя Син

(Мат. 21:33-46; Мк. 12:1-12)

После Исус започна да разказва следната притча: „Един човек засадил лозе, дал го под наем на лозари и заминал за дълго. 10 Когато дошло време за гроздобер, той изпратил един от слугите си при лозарите, за да получи своя дял от реколтата. Но те го набили и го изгонили с празни ръце. 11 Тогава изпратил друг слуга. Но и към него лозарите се отнесли грубо, набили го и го изгонили с празни ръце. 12 Изпратил трети слуга, когото лозарите също наранили и изхвърлили. 13 Тогава стопанинът на лозето си казал: „Какво да правя? Ще изпратя своя любим син. Може би към него ще се отнесат с уважение.“ 14 Но когато видели сина му, лозарите си казали: „Това е наследникът. Да го убием, за да стане лозето наше!“ 15 И те изхвърлили сина от лозето и го убили.

След всичко това какво ще направи с тях собственикът на лозето? 16 Ще дойде и ще убие тези лозари, а след това ще даде лозето на други.“

Като чуха това, хората казаха: „Дано това никога да не се случи!“ 17 Но Исус ги погледна и каза: „Какво тогава означава Писанието:

„Камъкът, който зидарите отхвърлиха,
    стана крайъгълен камък“?(A)

18 Който падне върху този камък, ще се разбие на парчета и ако този камък падне върху някого, ще го смаже.“

19 Законоучителите и главните свещеници искаха да хванат Исус още в този момент, защото разбраха, че тази притча се отнася за тях, но се страхуваха от народа.

Някои водачи се опитват да подведат Исус

(Мат. 22:15-22; Мк. 12:13-17)

20 Затова изчакваха удобен момент да го заловят. Те изпратиха при него шпиони, които се преструваха на искрени, за да се хванат за някоя негова дума и да го предадат на пълномощията и властта на губернатора. 21 И така, тези хора попитаха Исус: „Учителю, знаем, че това, което казваш и поучаваш, е правилно, че си безпристрастен към хората и вярно поучаваш истината за Божия път. 22 Кажи ни, редно ли е да плащаме данък на цезаря или не?“

23 Но Исус знаеше, че се опитват да го подведат и им каза: 24 „Дайте ми един динарий. Чии са това изображение и това име?“ Те отговориха: „На цезаря.“

25 Исус им каза: „Тогава давайте цезаровото на цезаря, а Божието — на Бога.“

26 Те не можаха с хитрост да накарат Исус да каже нещо пред хората, което би могло да се използва против него, и смаяни от отговора му, млъкнаха.

Някои садукеи се опитват да подведат Исус

(Мат. 22:23-33; Мк. 12:18-27)

27 Няколко садукеи (садукеите отричат възкресението) дойдоха при Исус и го попитаха: 28 „Учителю, Моисей е написал, че ако женен мъж умре, без да е имал деца, тогава брат му трябва да се ожени за вдовицата и те трябва да имат деца, за да продължат рода на умрелия брат.[a] 29 Имало седем братя. Първият се оженил, но умрял бездетен. 30 След това вторият, 31 после третият от братята се оженили за тази жена. Същото се случило и с останалите — всички те умрели, без да оставят деца. 32 Последна умряла жената. 33 Всеки един от седемте братя бил женен за нея. Тогава, чия жена ще бъде тя след възкръсението?“

34 Исус им отговори: „В този свят хората се женят и омъжват. 35 Но онези, които бъдат счетени за достойни да възкръснат от мъртвите и да живеят в онзи свят, няма да се женят или омъжват. 36 Те ще бъдат като ангели и за тях вече няма да има смърт. Те са деца на Бога, защото са били възкресени от мъртвите. 37 А че мъртвите възкръсват, го каза ясно още Моисей, когато говореше за горящия храст[b] и нарече Господа „Бога на Авраам, Бога на Исаак и Бога на Яков“[c]. 38 Той не е Бог на мъртвите, а на живите, защото всички хора, които принадлежат на Бога, са живи.“

39 Някои от законоучителите казаха: „Добре отговори, Учителю.“ 40 Оттогава никой вече не се осмели да му задава други въпроси.

Давидов син ли е Месията

(Мат. 22:41-46; Мк. 12:35-37)

41 Тогава Исус каза: „Защо хората говорят, че Месията е Давидов син? 42 Самият Давид казва в книгата на Псалмите:

„Господ каза на моя Господ:
Седни от дясната ми страна,
43     докато подчиня твоите врагове на властта ти.“[d](B)

44 И тъй, Давид го нарича „Господ“. Тогава как може Месията да е негов син?“

Предупреждение към законоучителите

(Мат. 23:1-36; Мк. 12:38-40; Лк. 11:37-54)

45 Докато всички хора го слушаха, Исус каза на учениците си: 46 „Пазете се от законоучителите! Те обичат да се разхождат пременени с дългите си роби, за да изглеждат важни. Обичат да ги поздравяват по пазарите, да заемат най-предните столове в синагогите и най-почетните места при празненствата. 47 Отнемат имуществото на вдовици, а после за пред хората казват дълги молитви. Те ще получат по-сурово наказание.“

Footnotes

  1. Лука 20:28 Вж. Вт. 25:5-6.
  2. Лука 20:37 горящия храст Вж. Изх. 3:1-12.
  3. Лука 20:37 Бога … Яков Думи, взети от Изх. 3:6.
  4. Лука 20:43 докато … властта ти Букв.: „докато направя враговете ти столче за краката ти“.

The Question about Jesus' Authority(A)

20 One day when Jesus was in the Temple teaching the people and preaching the Good News, the chief priests and the teachers of the Law, together with the elders, came and said to him, “Tell us, what right do you have to do these things? Who gave you such right?”

Jesus answered them, “Now let me ask you a question. Tell me, did John's right to baptize come from God or from human beings?”

They started to argue among themselves, “What shall we say? If we say, ‘From God,’ he will say, ‘Why, then, did you not believe John?’ But if we say, ‘From human beings,’ this whole crowd here will stone us, because they are convinced that John was a prophet.” So they answered, “We don't know where it came from.”

And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you, then, by what right I do these things.”

The Parable of the Tenants in the Vineyard(B)

(C)Then Jesus told the people this parable: “There was once a man who planted a vineyard, rented it out to tenants, and then left home for a long time. 10 When the time came to gather the grapes, he sent a slave to the tenants to receive from them his share of the harvest. But the tenants beat the slave and sent him back without a thing. 11 So he sent another slave; but the tenants beat him also, treated him shamefully, and sent him back without a thing. 12 Then he sent a third slave; the tenants wounded him, too, and threw him out. 13 Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my own dear son; surely they will respect him!’ 14 But when the tenants saw him, they said to one another, ‘This is the owner's son. Let's kill him, and his property will be ours!’ 15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

“What, then, will the owner of the vineyard do to the tenants?” Jesus asked. 16 “He will come and kill those men, and turn the vineyard over to other tenants.”

When the people heard this, they said, “Surely not!”

17 (D)Jesus looked at them and asked, “What, then, does this scripture mean?

‘The stone which the builders rejected as worthless
    turned out to be the most important of all.’

18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be cut to pieces; and if that stone falls on someone, that person will be crushed to dust.”

The Question about Paying Taxes(E)

19 The teachers of the Law and the chief priests tried to arrest Jesus on the spot, because they knew that he had told this parable against them; but they were afraid of the people. 20 So they looked for an opportunity. They bribed some men to pretend they were sincere, and they sent them to trap Jesus with questions, so that they could hand him over to the authority and power of the Roman Governor. 21 These spies said to Jesus, “Teacher, we know that what you say and teach is right. We know that you pay no attention to anyone's status, but teach the truth about God's will for people. 22 Tell us, is it against our Law for us to pay taxes to the Roman Emperor, or not?”

23 But Jesus saw through their trick and said to them, 24 “Show me a silver coin. Whose face and name are these on it?”

“The Emperor's,” they answered.

25 So Jesus said, “Well, then, pay to the Emperor what belongs to the Emperor, and pay to God what belongs to God.”

26 There before the people they could not catch him in a thing, so they kept quiet, amazed at his answer.

The Question about Rising from Death(F)

27 (G)Then some Sadducees, who say that people will not rise from death, came to Jesus and said, 28 (H)“Teacher, Moses wrote this law for us: ‘If a man dies and leaves a wife but no children, that man's brother must marry the widow so that they can have children who will be considered the dead man's children.’ 29 Once there were seven brothers; the oldest got married and died without having children. 30 Then the second one married the woman, 31 and then the third. The same thing happened to all seven—they died without having children. 32 Last of all, the woman died. 33 Now, on the day when the dead rise to life, whose wife will she be? All seven of them had married her.”

34 Jesus answered them, “The men and women of this age marry, 35 but the men and women who are worthy to rise from death and live in the age to come will not then marry. 36 They will be like angels and cannot die. They are the children of God, because they have risen from death. 37 (I)And Moses clearly proves that the dead are raised to life. In the passage about the burning bush he speaks of the Lord as ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38 He is the God of the living, not of the dead, for to him all are alive.”

39 Some of the teachers of the Law spoke up, “A good answer, Teacher!” 40 For they did not dare ask him any more questions.

The Question about the Messiah(J)

41 Jesus asked them, “How can it be said that the Messiah will be the descendant of David? 42 (K)For David himself says in the book of Psalms,

‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    Sit here at my right side
43     until I put your enemies as a footstool under your feet.’

44 David called him ‘Lord’; how, then, can the Messiah be David's descendant?”

Jesus Warns against the Teachers of the Law(L)

45 As all the people listened to him, Jesus said to his disciples, 46 “Be on your guard against the teachers of the Law, who like to walk around in their long robes and love to be greeted with respect in the marketplace; who choose the reserved seats in the synagogues and the best places at feasts; 47 who take advantage of widows and rob them of their homes, and then make a show of saying long prayers! Their punishment will be all the worse!”

The Authority of Jesus Questioned(A)

20 One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts(B) and proclaiming the good news,(C) the chief priests and the teachers of the law, together with the elders, came up to him. “Tell us by what authority you are doing these things,” they said. “Who gave you this authority?”(D)

He replied, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me: John’s baptism(E)—was it from heaven, or of human origin?”

They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’ But if we say, ‘Of human origin,’ all the people(F) will stone us, because they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”(G)

So they answered, “We don’t know where it was from.”

Jesus said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”

The Parable of the Tenants(H)

He went on to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard,(I) rented it to some farmers and went away for a long time.(J) 10 At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants so they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 He sent another servant, but that one also they beat and treated shamefully and sent away empty-handed. 12 He sent still a third, and they wounded him and threw him out.

13 “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my son, whom I love;(K) perhaps they will respect him.’

14 “But when the tenants saw him, they talked the matter over. ‘This is the heir,’ they said. ‘Let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15 So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16 He will come and kill those tenants(L) and give the vineyard to others.”

When the people heard this, they said, “God forbid!”

17 Jesus looked directly at them and asked, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone’[a]?(M)

18 Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”(N)

19 The teachers of the law and the chief priests looked for a way to arrest him(O) immediately, because they knew he had spoken this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people.(P)

Paying Taxes to Caesar(Q)

20 Keeping a close watch on him, they sent spies, who pretended to be sincere. They hoped to catch Jesus in something he said,(R) so that they might hand him over to the power and authority of the governor.(S) 21 So the spies questioned him: “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach what is right, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.(T) 22 Is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”

23 He saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24 “Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

25 He said to them, “Then give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s,(U) and to God what is God’s.”

26 They were unable to trap him in what he had said there in public. And astonished by his answer, they became silent.

The Resurrection and Marriage(V)

27 Some of the Sadducees,(W) who say there is no resurrection,(X) came to Jesus with a question. 28 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(Y) 29 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died childless. 30 The second 31 and then the third married her, and in the same way the seven died, leaving no children. 32 Finally, the woman died too. 33 Now then, at the resurrection whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

34 Jesus replied, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35 But those who are considered worthy of taking part in the age to come(Z) and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, 36 and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels. They are God’s children,(AA) since they are children of the resurrection. 37 But in the account of the burning bush, even Moses showed that the dead rise, for he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’[b](AB) 38 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.”

39 Some of the teachers of the law responded, “Well said, teacher!” 40 And no one dared to ask him any more questions.(AC)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AD)

41 Then Jesus said to them, “Why is it said that the Messiah is the son of David?(AE) 42 David himself declares in the Book of Psalms:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
43 until I make your enemies
    a footstool for your feet.”’[c](AF)

44 David calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

45 While all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 46 “Beware of the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AG) 47 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

Footnotes

  1. Luke 20:17 Psalm 118:22
  2. Luke 20:37 Exodus 3:6
  3. Luke 20:43 Psalm 110:1