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Leviticus 27
New English Translation

Redemption of Persons Given as Votive Offerings

27 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When a man makes a special votive offering[a] based on the conversion value of a person to the Lord,[b] 3 the conversion value of the male[c] from twenty years old up to sixty years old[d] is fifty shekels by the standard of the sanctuary shekel.[e] 4 If the person is a female, the conversion value is thirty shekels. 5 If the person is from five years old up to twenty years old, the conversion value of the male is twenty shekels, and for the female ten shekels. 6 If the person is one month old up to five years old, the conversion value of the male is five shekels of silver,[f] and for the female the conversion value is three shekels of silver. 7 If the person is from sixty years old and older, if he is a male the conversion value is fifteen shekels, and for the female ten shekels. 8 If the person making the votive offering[g] is too poor to pay the conversion value, he must stand the person before the priest and the priest will establish his conversion value;[h] according to what the man who made the votive offering can afford,[i] the priest will establish his conversion value.

Redemption of Animals Given as Votive Offerings

9 “‘If what is vowed is a kind of animal from which an offering may be presented[j] to the Lord, anything which he gives to the Lord from this kind of animal[k] will be holy. 10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal[l] and its substitute will be holy. 11 If what is vowed is an unclean animal from which an offering must not be presented to the Lord, then he must stand the animal before the priest, 12 and the priest will establish its conversion value,[m] whether good or bad. According to the conversion value assessed by the priest, thus it will be. 13 If, however, the person who made the vow redeems the animal,[n] he must add one-fifth to[o] its conversion value.

Redemption of Houses Given as Votive Offerings

14 “‘If a man consecrates his house as holy to the Lord, the priest will establish its conversion value, whether good or bad. Just as the priest establishes its conversion value, thus it will stand.[p] 15 If the one who consecrates it redeems his house, he must add to it one-fifth of its conversion value in silver, and it will belong to him.[q]

Redemption of Fields Given as Votive Offerings

16 “‘If a man consecrates to the Lord some of his own landed property, the conversion value must be calculated in accordance with the amount of seed needed to sow it,[r] a homer of barley seed being priced at fifty shekels of silver.[s] 17 If he consecrates his field in the Jubilee year,[t] the conversion value will stand, 18 but if[u] he consecrates his field after the Jubilee, the priest will calculate the price[v] for him according to the years that are left until the next Jubilee year, and it will be deducted from the conversion value. 19 If, however, the one who consecrated the field redeems it,[w] he must add to it one-fifth of the conversion price[x] and it will belong to him.[y] 20 If he does not redeem the field, but sells[z] the field to someone else, he may never redeem it. 21 When it reverts[aa] in the Jubilee, the field will be holy to the Lord like a permanently dedicated field;[ab] it will become the priest’s property.[ac]

22 “‘If he consecrates to the Lord a field he has purchased,[ad] which is not part of his own landed property, 23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the Jubilee year, and he must pay[ae] the conversion value on that Jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord. 24 In the Jubilee year the field will return to the one from whom he bought it, the one to whom it belongs as landed property. 25 Every conversion value must be calculated by the standard of the sanctuary shekel;[af] twenty gerahs to the shekel.

Redemption of the Firstborn

26 “‘Surely no man may consecrate a firstborn that already belongs to the Lord as a firstborn among the animals; whether it is an ox or a sheep, it belongs to the Lord.[ag] 27 If, however,[ah] it is among the unclean animals, he may ransom it according to[ai] its conversion value and must add one-fifth to it, but if it is not redeemed it must be sold according to its conversion value.

Things Permanently Dedicated to the Lord

28 “‘Surely anything that a man permanently dedicates to the Lord[aj] from all that belongs to him, whether from people, animals, or his landed property, must be neither sold nor redeemed; anything permanently dedicated is most holy to the Lord. 29 Any human being who is permanently dedicated[ak] to the Lord[al] must not be ransomed; such a person must be put to death.

Redemption of the Tithe

30 “‘Any tithe[am] of the land, from the grain of the land or from the fruit of the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord. 31 If a man redeems[an] part of his tithe, however, he must add one-fifth to it.[ao] 32 All the tithe of herds or flocks, everything which passes under the rod, the tenth one will be holy to the Lord.[ap] 33 The owner[aq] must not examine the animals to distinguish between good and bad, and he must not exchange it. If, however, he does exchange it,[ar] both the original animal[as] and its substitute will be holy[at] and must not be redeemed.’”

Final Colophon

34 These are the commandments which the Lord commanded Moses to tell the Israelites[au] at Mount Sinai.

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Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 27:2 tn Cf. the note on Lev 22:21. Some take this as an expression for fulfilling a vow, “to fulfill a vow” (e.g., HALOT 927-28 s.v. פלא piel and NASB; cf. NRSV “in fulfillment of a vow”) or, alternatively, “to make a vow” or “for making a vow” (HALOT 928 s.v. פלא piel [II פלא]). Perhaps it refers to the making a special vow, from the verb פָלָא (palaʾ, “to be wonderful; to be remarkable”), cf. Milgrom, Numbers [JPSTC], 44. B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 151 and 193, suggests that this is a special term for “setting aside a votive offering” (related to פָלָה, palah, “to set aside”). In general, the point of the expression seems to be that this sacrifice is a special gift to God that arose out of special circumstances in the life of the worshiper.
  2. Leviticus 27:2 tn Heb “in your valuation, persons to the Lord,” but “in your valuation” is a frozen form and, therefore, the person (“your”) does not figure into the translation (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73). Instead of offering a person to the Lord one could redeem that person with the appropriate amount of money delineated in the following verses (see the note on Lev 5:15 above and the explanation in Hartley, 480-81).
  3. Leviticus 27:3 tn Heb “your conversion value shall be [for] the male.”
  4. Leviticus 27:3 tn Heb “from a son of twenty years and until a son of sixty years.”
  5. Leviticus 27:3 tn See the note on Lev 5:15.
  6. Leviticus 27:6 tn Heb “five shekels silver.”
  7. Leviticus 27:8 tn Heb “if he.”
  8. Leviticus 27:8 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause him to be valued.”
  9. Leviticus 27:8 tn Heb “on the mouth which the hand of the one who vowed reaches.”
  10. Leviticus 27:9 tn Heb “which they may present from it an offering.” The plural active verb is sometimes best rendered in the passive (GKC 460 §144.f, g). Some medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, a ms of the Targum, and the Vulgate all have the singular verb instead (cf. similarly v. 11).
  11. Leviticus 27:9 tn Heb “from it.” The masculine suffix “it” here is used for the feminine in the MT, but one medieval Hebrew ms, some mss of Smr, the LXX, and the Syriac have the feminine. The referent (this kind of animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  12. Leviticus 27:10 tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  13. Leviticus 27:12 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause it to be valued.” See the note on v. 8 above.
  14. Leviticus 27:13 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. The referent of “he” (the person who made the vow) and “it” (the animal) have both been specified in the translation for clarity.
  15. Leviticus 27:13 tn Heb “on,” meaning “on top of, in addition to” (likewise in v. 15).
  16. Leviticus 27:14 tn The expression “it shall stand” may be a technical term for “it shall be legally valid”; cf. NLT “assessment will be final.”
  17. Leviticus 27:15 tn Heb “and it shall be to him.”
  18. Leviticus 27:16 tn Heb “a conversion value shall be to the mouth of its seed.”
  19. Leviticus 27:16 tn Heb “seed of a homer of barley in fifty shekels of silver.”
  20. Leviticus 27:17 tn Heb “from the year of the jubilee.” For the meaning of “jubilee,” see the note on Lev 25:10 above.
  21. Leviticus 27:18 tn Heb “And if.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here.
  22. Leviticus 27:18 tn Heb “the silver.”
  23. Leviticus 27:19 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems [finite verb] the field, the one who consecrated it.” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
  24. Leviticus 27:19 tn Heb “the silver of the conversion value.”
  25. Leviticus 27:19 tn Heb “and it shall rise to him.” See HALOT 1087 s.v. קום 7 for the rendering offered here, but see also the note on the end of v. 14 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 476, 478).
  26. Leviticus 27:20 tn Heb “and if he sells.”
  27. Leviticus 27:21 tn Heb “When it goes out” (cf. Lev 25:25-34).
  28. Leviticus 27:21 tn Heb “like the field of the permanent dedication.” The Hebrew word חֵרֶם (kherem) is a much discussed term. In this and the following verses it refers in a general way to the fact that something is permanently devoted to the Lord and therefore cannot be redeemed (cf. v. 20b). See J. A. Naudé, NIDOTTE 2:276-77; N. Lohfink, TDOT 5:180-99, esp. pp. 184, 188, and 198-99; and the numerous explanations in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 483-85.
  29. Leviticus 27:21 tn Heb “to the priest it shall be his property.”
  30. Leviticus 27:22 tn Heb “his field of purchase,” which is to be distinguished from his own ancestral “landed property” (cf. v. 16 above).
  31. Leviticus 27:23 tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).
  32. Leviticus 27:25 tn See the note on Lev 5:15.
  33. Leviticus 27:26 tn Heb “to the Lord it is.”
  34. Leviticus 27:27 tn Heb “And if.”
  35. Leviticus 27:27 tn Heb “in” or “by.”
  36. Leviticus 27:28 tn Heb “Surely, any permanently dedicated [thing] which a man shall permanently dedicate to the Lord.” The Hebrew term חֵרֶם (kherem) refers to things that are devoted permanently to the Lord (see the note on v. 21 above).
  37. Leviticus 27:29 tn Heb “permanently dedicated from among men.”
  38. Leviticus 27:29 tn The words “to the Lord” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied for clarity.
  39. Leviticus 27:30 tn On the “tithe” system in Israel, see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:1035-55 and esp. pp. 1041-42 on Lev 27:30-33.
  40. Leviticus 27:31 tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] a man redeems [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
  41. Leviticus 27:31 tn Heb “its one-fifth on it.”
  42. Leviticus 27:32 sn The tithed animal was the tenth one that passed under the shepherd’s rod or staff as they were being counted (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 485, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 200).
  43. Leviticus 27:33 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner of the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  44. Leviticus 27:33 tn Heb “And if exchanging [infinitive absolute] he exchanges it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
  45. Leviticus 27:33 tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  46. Leviticus 27:33 tn Heb “it shall be and its substitute shall be holy.”
  47. Leviticus 27:34 tn Most of the commentaries and English versions translate, “which the Lord commanded Moses for the children of Israel.” The preposition אֶל (ʾel), however, does not usually mean “for.” In this book it is commonly used when the Lord commands Moses “to speak [un]to” a person or group of persons (see, e.g., Lev 1:2; 4:2, etc.). The translation “to tell” here reflects this pattern in the book of Leviticus.
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Leviticus 27
Lexham English Bible

Instructions About Vows

27 Then[a] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the Israelites,[b] and say[c] to them, ‘When a man makes a vow according to your[d] proper value of persons to Yahweh, 3 if[e] your proper value is for a male[f] from twenty years of age[g] up to[h] sixty years of age,[i] then[j] your proper value shall be fifty shekels of money according to the sanctuary’s shekel. 4 But[k] if it is for a female, then[l] your proper value shall be thirty shekels. 5 And if from five years of age[m] up to[n] twenty years of age,[o] then[p] your proper value shall be twenty shekels for the male and ten shekels for the female. 6 And if from a month of age[q] up to[r] five years of age,[s] then[t] your proper value shall be five shekels of money for the male, and your proper value for the female shall be three shekels of money. 7 And if from sixty years of age[u] and above: if a male, then[v] your proper value shall be fifteen shekels; and for the female, ten shekels. 8 But[w] if he is poorer than your proper value, then[x] he shall present himself before[y] the priest, and the priest shall set a value on him; the priest shall value him according to[z] what the person who made a vow can afford.[aa]

9 “‘And if it is a domestic animal from which they present an offering for Yahweh, all that he gives from it for Yahweh shall be a holy object. 10 He shall not replace it, nor shall he exchange it, either good with bad or bad with good; and if he indeed exchanges a domestic animal with a domestic animal, then[ab] it and its substitution shall be a holy object.[ac] 11 But[ad] if it is any unclean animal from which they may not present an offering for Yahweh, then[ae] he shall present the animal before[af] the priest. 12 And the priest shall set a value on it, either good or bad;[ag] as the priest sets your proper value, so it shall be. 13 And if he indeed wants to redeem it, then[ah] he shall add a fifth of it onto your proper value.

14 “‘And if a man consecrates his house as a holy object for Yahweh, then[ai] the priest shall set a value on it, either good or bad;[aj] just as the priest sets a value on it, so it shall remain. 15 But[ak] if the one who consecrates it wants to redeem his house, then[al] he shall add a fifth of your proper value’s money onto it, and it shall be his.

16 “‘And if a man consecrates some of[am] his property’s fields[an] for Yahweh, then[ao] your proper value shall be in accordance with its seed requirements:[ap] a homer of barley seed for fifty shekels of money. 17 If he consecrates his field from the Year of Jubilee, it shall stand as your proper value. 18 But[aq] if he consecrates his field after the Jubilee, then[ar] the priest shall calculate the money for him according to the number of years[as] that are left over until the Year of Jubilee; and it shall be deducted from your proper value. 19 And if he indeed redeems the field that is consecrated, then[at] he shall add a fifth of your proper value’s money onto it, and it shall stand for[au] him. 20 And if he does not redeem the field and if he sells the field to another man, it may not be redeemed again, 21 and the field shall be a holy object for Yahweh when it goes out[av] in the Jubilee, like a devoted[aw] field; it shall be the priest’s property.[ax]

22 “‘And if he consecrates for Yahweh his acquired[ay] field that is not the field of his inherited possession, 23 then[az] the priest shall calculate for him the amount[ba] of your proper value until the year of the Jubilee, and he shall give your proper value on that day as a holy object for Yahweh. 24 In the Year of the Jubilee the field shall return to the one who bought it from him, to the one whose property the land is. 25 And every proper value of yours shall be in the sanctuary’s shekel—the shekel shall be twenty gerahs.

26 “‘However, a man shall not consecrate a firstborn among livestock, which belongs as firstborn to Yahweh; whether an ox or[bb] small livestock, it is for Yahweh. 27 And if it is among the unclean animals, then[bc] he shall ransom it according to your proper value, and he shall add a fifth of its value onto it; and if it is not redeemed, then[bd] it shall be sold according to your proper value. 28 However, anything devoted[be] that a man has devoted to Yahweh from all that he has,[bf] from human or[bg] animal, or[bh] from the field of his property, may not be sold, and it may not be redeemed; anything devoted is a most holy thing[bi] for Yahweh. 29 Anyone devoted who is devoted from human beings[bj] cannot be ransomed—he shall surely be put to death.

30 “‘And any tithe of the land from the land’s seed or from the fruit of the trees is for Yahweh; it is a holy object for Yahweh. 31 And if a man indeed redeems from his tithe, he shall add a fifth of its value onto it. 32 As for[bk] every tithe of cattle or[bl] of the flock,[bm] all which crosses under the rod, the tenth shall be a holy object for Yahweh. 33 He shall not inspect between the good and the bad, and he shall not exchange it; but[bn] if he indeed exchanges it, then[bo] it and its substitution shall be[bp] a holy object—it shall not be redeemed.’”

34 These are the commands that Yahweh commanded Moses for the Israelites[bq] on Mount Sinai.[br]

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Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 27:1 Or “And”
  2. Leviticus 27:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  3. Leviticus 27:2 Or “and you shall say”
  4. Leviticus 27:2 Singular when modifying “proper value” throughout the entire chapter
  5. Leviticus 27:3 Or “and”
  6. Leviticus 27:3 Hebrew “the male”
  7. Leviticus 27:3 Literally “a son of twenty years”
  8. Leviticus 27:3 Or “and up to”
  9. Leviticus 27:3 Literally “a son of sixty years”
  10. Leviticus 27:3 Or “and”
  11. Leviticus 27:4 Or “And”
  12. Leviticus 27:4 Or “and”
  13. Leviticus 27:5 Literally “a son of five years”
  14. Leviticus 27:5 Or “and up to”
  15. Leviticus 27:5 Literally “a son of twenty years”
  16. Leviticus 27:5 Or “and”
  17. Leviticus 27:6 Literally “a son of a month”
  18. Leviticus 27:6 Or “and up to”
  19. Leviticus 27:6 Literally “a son of five years”
  20. Leviticus 27:6 Or “and”
  21. Leviticus 27:7 Literally “a son of sixty years”
  22. Leviticus 27:7 Or “and”
  23. Leviticus 27:8 Or “And”
  24. Leviticus 27:8 Or “and”
  25. Leviticus 27:8 Literally “to the faces of”
  26. Leviticus 27:8 Literally “on a mouth of”
  27. Leviticus 27:8 Literally “his hand produces”
  28. Leviticus 27:10 Or “and”
  29. Leviticus 27:10 Literally “it shall be and its substitution shall be holy”
  30. Leviticus 27:11 Or “And”
  31. Leviticus 27:11 Or “and”
  32. Leviticus 27:11 Literally “to the faces of”
  33. Leviticus 27:12 Literally “between good and between bad”
  34. Leviticus 27:13 Or “and”
  35. Leviticus 27:14 Or “and”
  36. Leviticus 27:14 Literally “between good and between bad”
  37. Leviticus 27:15 Or “And”
  38. Leviticus 27:15 Or “and”
  39. Leviticus 27:16 Literally “from”
  40. Leviticus 27:16 Collective singular; Hebrew “field”
  41. Leviticus 27:16 Or “and”
  42. Leviticus 27:16 Literally “to the number of its seed”
  43. Leviticus 27:18 Or “And”
  44. Leviticus 27:18 Or “and”
  45. Leviticus 27:18 Literally “on the mouth of the years”
  46. Leviticus 27:19 Or “and”
  47. Leviticus 27:19 Or “remain for” or “belong to”
  48. Leviticus 27:21 Or “is released” or “reverts”
  49. Leviticus 27:21 Or “permanently set apart”; a different Hebrew word than previously translated “consecrated” in this chapter
  50. Leviticus 27:21 Literally “to/for the priest it shall be his property”
  51. Leviticus 27:22 Or “purchased”
  52. Leviticus 27:23 Or “and”
  53. Leviticus 27:23 Literally “number”
  54. Leviticus 27:26 Literally “whether” or “if”
  55. Leviticus 27:27 Or “and”
  56. Leviticus 27:27 Or “and”
  57. Leviticus 27:28 Or “permanently set apart”; a different Hebrew word than previously translated “consecrated” in this chapter
  58. Leviticus 27:28 Literally “from all that is for him”
  59. Leviticus 27:28 Or “and”
  60. Leviticus 27:28 Or “and”
  61. Leviticus 27:28 Literally “a holy thing of holy things”
  62. Leviticus 27:29 Literally “the human”
  63. Leviticus 27:32 Or “And”
  64. Leviticus 27:32 Or “and”
  65. Leviticus 27:32 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  66. Leviticus 27:33 Or “and”
  67. Leviticus 27:33 Or “and”
  68. Leviticus 27:33 Literally “it shall be and its substitution shall be”
  69. Leviticus 27:34 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  70. Leviticus 27:34 Literally “the mountain of Sinai”
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