The Priestly Ministry Begins

It came to pass on the (A)eighth day that Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel. And he said to Aaron, “Take for yourself a young (B)bull as a sin offering and a ram as a burnt offering, without blemish, and offer them before the Lord. And to the children of Israel you shall speak, saying, (C)‘Take a kid of the goats as a sin offering, and a calf and a lamb, both of the first year, without blemish, as a burnt offering, also a bull and a ram as peace offerings, to sacrifice before the Lord, and (D)a grain offering mixed with oil; for (E)today the Lord will appear to you.’ ”

So they brought what Moses commanded before the tabernacle of meeting. And all the congregation drew near and stood [a]before the Lord. Then Moses said, “This is the thing which the Lord commanded you to do, and the glory of the Lord will appear to you.” And Moses said to Aaron, “Go to the altar, (F)offer your sin offering and your burnt offering, and make atonement for yourself and for the people. (G)Offer the offering of the people, and make atonement for them, as the Lord commanded.”

Aaron therefore went to the altar and killed the calf of the sin offering, which was for himself. Then the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him. And he dipped his finger in the blood, put it on the horns of the altar, and poured the blood at the base of the altar. 10 (H)But the fat, the kidneys, and the fatty lobe from the liver of the sin offering he burned on the altar, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 11 (I)The flesh and the hide he burned with fire outside the camp.

12 And he killed the burnt offering; and Aaron’s sons presented to him the blood, (J)which he sprinkled all around on the altar. 13 (K)Then they presented the burnt offering to him, with its pieces and head, and he burned them on the altar. 14 (L)And he washed the entrails and the legs, and burned them with the burnt offering on the altar.

15 (M)Then he brought the people’s offering, and took the goat, which was the sin offering for the people, and killed it and offered it for sin, like the first one. 16 And he brought the burnt offering and offered it (N)according to the [b]prescribed manner. 17 Then he brought the grain offering, took a handful of it, and burned it on the altar, (O)besides the burnt sacrifice of the morning.

18 He also killed the bull and the ram as (P)sacrifices of peace offerings, which were for the people. And Aaron’s sons presented to him the blood, which he sprinkled all around on the altar, 19 and the fat from the bull and the ram—the fatty tail, what covers the entrails and the kidneys, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver; 20 and they put the fat on the breasts. (Q)Then he burned the fat on the altar; 21 but the breasts and the right thigh Aaron waved (R)as a wave offering before the Lord, as Moses had commanded.

22 Then Aaron lifted his hand toward the people, (S)blessed them, and came down from offering the sin offering, the burnt offering, and peace offerings. 23 And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of meeting, and came out and blessed the people. Then the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people, 24 and (T)fire came out from before the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar. When all the people saw it, they (U)shouted and fell on their (V)faces.

The Profane Fire of Nadab and Abihu

10 Then (W)Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, (X)each took his censer and put fire in it, put incense on it, and offered (Y)profane fire before the Lord, which He had not commanded them. So (Z)fire went out from the Lord and devoured them, and they died before the Lord. And Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord spoke, saying:

‘By those (AA)who come near Me
I must be regarded as holy;
And before all the people
I must be glorified.’ ”

So Aaron held his peace.

Then Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them, “Come near, (AB)carry your brethren from [c]before the sanctuary out of the camp.” So they went near and carried them by their tunics out of the camp, as Moses had said.

And Moses said to Aaron, and to Eleazar and Ithamar, his sons, “Do not [d]uncover your heads nor tear your clothes, lest you die, and (AC)wrath come upon all the people. But let your brethren, the whole house of Israel, [e]bewail the burning which the Lord has kindled. (AD)You shall not go out from the door of the tabernacle of meeting, lest you die, (AE)for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon you.” And they did according to the word of Moses.

Conduct Prescribed for Priests

Then the Lord spoke to Aaron, saying: (AF)“Do not drink wine or intoxicating drink, you, nor your sons with you, when you go into the tabernacle of meeting, lest you die. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations, 10 that you may (AG)distinguish between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean, 11 (AH)and that you may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the Lord has spoken to them by the hand of Moses.”

12 And Moses spoke to Aaron, and to Eleazar and Ithamar, his sons who were left: (AI)“Take the grain offering that remains of the offerings made by fire to the Lord, and eat it without leaven beside the altar; (AJ)for it is most holy. 13 You shall eat it in a (AK)holy place, because it is your [f]due and your sons’ due, of the sacrifices made by fire to the Lord; for (AL)so I have been commanded. 14 (AM)The breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the heave offering you shall eat in a clean place, you, your sons, and your (AN)daughters with you; for they are your due and your sons’ (AO)due, which are given from the sacrifices of peace offerings of the children of Israel. 15 (AP)The thigh of the heave offering and the breast of the wave offering they shall bring with the offerings of fat made by fire, to offer as a wave offering before the Lord. And it shall be yours and your sons’ with you, by a statute forever, as the Lord has commanded.”

16 Then Moses made careful inquiry about (AQ)the goat of the sin offering, and there it was—burned up. And he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron who were left, saying, 17 (AR)“Why have you not eaten the sin offering in a holy place, since it is most holy, and God has given it to you to bear (AS)the guilt of the congregation, to make atonement for them before the Lord? 18 See! (AT)Its blood was not brought inside [g]the holy place; indeed you should have eaten it in a holy place, (AU)as I commanded.”

19 And Aaron said to Moses, “Look, (AV)this day they have offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the Lord, and such things have befallen me! If I had eaten the sin offering today, (AW)would it have been accepted in the sight of the Lord?” 20 So when Moses heard that, he was content.

Foods Permitted and Forbidden(AX)

11 Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying to them, “Speak to the children of Israel, saying, (AY)‘These are the animals which you may eat among all the animals that are on the earth: Among the animals, whatever divides the hoof, having cloven hooves and chewing the cud—that you may eat. Nevertheless these you shall (AZ)not eat among those that chew the cud or those that have cloven hooves: the camel, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is [h]unclean to you; the [i]rock hyrax, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is [j]unclean to you; the hare, because it chews the cud but does not have cloven hooves, is unclean to you; and the swine, though it divides the hoof, having cloven hooves, yet does not chew the cud, (BA)is unclean to you. Their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch. (BB)They are unclean to you.

(BC)‘These you may eat of all that are in the water: whatever in the water has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers—that you may eat. 10 But all in the seas or in the rivers that do not have fins and scales, all that move in the water or any living thing which is in the water, they are [k]an (BD)abomination to you. 11 They shall be an abomination to you; you shall not eat their flesh, but you shall regard their carcasses as an abomination. 12 Whatever in the water does not have fins or scales—that shall be an abomination to you.

13 (BE)‘And these you shall regard as an abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the buzzard, 14 the kite, and the falcon after its kind; 15 every raven after its kind, 16 the ostrich, the short-eared owl, the sea gull, and the hawk after its kind; 17 the little owl, the fisher owl, and the screech owl; 18 the white owl, the jackdaw, and the carrion vulture; 19 the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

20 ‘All flying insects that creep on all fours shall be an abomination to you. 21 Yet these you may eat of every flying insect that creeps on all fours: those which have jointed legs above their feet with which to leap on the earth. 22 These you may eat: (BF)the locust after its kind, the destroying locust after its kind, the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind. 23 But all other flying insects which have four feet shall be an abomination to you.

Unclean Animals

24 ‘By these you shall become [l]unclean; whoever touches the carcass of any of them shall be unclean until evening; 25 whoever carries part of the carcass of any of them (BG)shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening: 26 The carcass of any animal which divides the foot, but is not cloven-hoofed or does not chew the cud, is unclean to you. Everyone who touches it shall be unclean. 27 And whatever goes on its paws, among all kinds of animals that go on all fours, those are unclean to you. Whoever touches any such carcass shall be unclean until evening. 28 Whoever carries any such carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. It is unclean to you.

29 ‘These also shall be unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the earth: the mole, (BH)the mouse, and the large lizard after its kind; 30 the gecko, the monitor lizard, the sand reptile, the sand lizard, and the chameleon. 31 These are unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever (BI)touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening. 32 Anything on which any of them falls, when they are dead shall be [m]unclean, whether it is any item of wood or clothing or skin or sack, whatever item it is, in which any work is done, (BJ)it must be put in water. And it shall be unclean until evening; then it shall be clean. 33 Any (BK)earthen vessel into which any of them falls (BL)you shall break; and whatever is in it shall be unclean: 34 in such a vessel, any edible food upon which water falls becomes unclean, and any drink that may be drunk from it becomes unclean. 35 And everything on which a part of any such carcass falls shall be unclean; whether it is an oven or cooking stove, it shall be broken down; for they are unclean, and shall be unclean to you. 36 Nevertheless a spring or a cistern, in which there is plenty of water, shall be clean, but whatever touches any such carcass becomes unclean. 37 And if a part of any such carcass falls on any planting seed which is to be sown, it remains clean. 38 But if water is put on the seed, and if a part of any such carcass falls on it, it becomes [n]unclean to you.

39 ‘And if any animal which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be (BM)unclean until evening. 40 (BN)He who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. He also who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

41 ‘And every creeping thing that creeps on the earth shall be [o]an abomination. It shall not be eaten. 42 Whatever crawls on its belly, whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet among all creeping things that creep on the earth—these you shall not eat, for they are an abomination. 43 (BO)You shall not make [p]yourselves [q]abominable with any creeping thing that creeps; nor shall you make yourselves unclean with them, lest you be defiled by them. 44 For I am the Lord your (BP)God. You shall therefore consecrate yourselves, and (BQ)you shall be holy; for I am holy. Neither shall you defile yourselves with any creeping thing that creeps on the earth. 45 (BR)For I am the Lord who brings you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. (BS)You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.

46 ‘This is the law [r]of the animals and the birds and every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth, 47 (BT)to distinguish between the unclean and the clean, and between the animal that may be eaten and the animal that may not be eaten.’ ”

Notas al pie

  1. Leviticus 9:5 in the presence of
  2. Leviticus 9:16 ordinance
  3. Leviticus 10:4 in front of
  4. Leviticus 10:6 An act of mourning
  5. Leviticus 10:6 weep bitterly
  6. Leviticus 10:13 portion
  7. Leviticus 10:18 The Most Holy Place when capitalized
  8. Leviticus 11:4 impure
  9. Leviticus 11:5 rock badger
  10. Leviticus 11:5 impure
  11. Leviticus 11:10 detestable
  12. Leviticus 11:24 impure
  13. Leviticus 11:32 impure
  14. Leviticus 11:38 impure
  15. Leviticus 11:41 detestable
  16. Leviticus 11:43 Lit. your souls
  17. Leviticus 11:43 impure
  18. Leviticus 11:46 concerning

The Priests Begin Their Ministry

On the eighth day(A) Moses summoned Aaron and his sons and the elders(B) of Israel. He said to Aaron, “Take a bull calf for your sin offering[a] and a ram for your burnt offering, both without defect, and present them before the Lord. Then say to the Israelites: ‘Take a male goat(C) for a sin offering,(D) a calf(E) and a lamb(F)—both a year old and without defect—for a burnt offering, and an ox[b](G) and a ram for a fellowship offering(H) to sacrifice before the Lord, together with a grain offering mixed with olive oil. For today the Lord will appear to you.(I)’”

They took the things Moses commanded to the front of the tent of meeting, and the entire assembly came near and stood before the Lord. Then Moses said, “This is what the Lord has commanded you to do, so that the glory of the Lord(J) may appear to you.”

Moses said to Aaron, “Come to the altar and sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself and the people;(K) sacrifice the offering that is for the people and make atonement for them, as the Lord has commanded.(L)

So Aaron came to the altar and slaughtered the calf as a sin offering(M) for himself. His sons brought the blood to him,(N) and he dipped his finger into the blood and put it on the horns of the altar; the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of the altar.(O) 10 On the altar he burned the fat, the kidneys and the long lobe of the liver from the sin offering, as the Lord commanded Moses; 11 the flesh and the hide(P) he burned up outside the camp.(Q)

12 Then he slaughtered the burnt offering.(R) His sons handed him the blood,(S) and he splashed it against the sides of the altar. 13 They handed him the burnt offering piece by piece, including the head, and he burned them on the altar.(T) 14 He washed the internal organs and the legs and burned them on top of the burnt offering on the altar.(U)

15 Aaron then brought the offering that was for the people.(V) He took the goat for the people’s sin offering and slaughtered it and offered it for a sin offering as he did with the first one.

16 He brought the burnt offering and offered it in the prescribed way.(W) 17 He also brought the grain offering, took a handful of it and burned it on the altar in addition to the morning’s burnt offering.(X)

18 He slaughtered the ox and the ram as the fellowship offering for the people.(Y) His sons handed him the blood, and he splashed it against the sides of the altar. 19 But the fat portions of the ox and the ram—the fat tail, the layer of fat, the kidneys and the long lobe of the liver— 20 these they laid on the breasts, and then Aaron burned the fat on the altar. 21 Aaron waved the breasts and the right thigh before the Lord as a wave offering,(Z) as Moses commanded.

22 Then Aaron lifted his hands toward the people and blessed them.(AA) And having sacrificed the sin offering, the burnt offering and the fellowship offering, he stepped down.

23 Moses and Aaron then went into the tent of meeting.(AB) When they came out, they blessed the people; and the glory of the Lord(AC) appeared to all the people. 24 Fire(AD) came out from the presence of the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fat portions on the altar. And when all the people saw it, they shouted for joy and fell facedown.(AE)

The Death of Nadab and Abihu

10 Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu(AF) took their censers,(AG) put fire in them(AH) and added incense;(AI) and they offered unauthorized fire before the Lord,(AJ) contrary to his command.(AK) So fire came out(AL) from the presence of the Lord and consumed them,(AM) and they died before the Lord.(AN) Moses then said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord spoke of when he said:

“‘Among those who approach me(AO)
    I will be proved holy;(AP)
in the sight of all the people
    I will be honored.(AQ)’”

Aaron remained silent.

Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan,(AR) sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel,(AS) and said to them, “Come here; carry your cousins outside the camp,(AT) away from the front of the sanctuary.(AU) So they came and carried them, still in their tunics,(AV) outside the camp, as Moses ordered.

Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar,(AW) “Do not let your hair become unkempt[c](AX) and do not tear your clothes,(AY) or you will die and the Lord will be angry with the whole community.(AZ) But your relatives, all the Israelites, may mourn(BA) for those the Lord has destroyed by fire. Do not leave the entrance to the tent of meeting(BB) or you will die, because the Lord’s anointing oil(BC) is on you.” So they did as Moses said.

Then the Lord said to Aaron, “You and your sons are not to drink wine(BD) or other fermented drink(BE) whenever you go into the tent of meeting, or you will die. This is a lasting ordinance(BF) for the generations to come, 10 so that you can distinguish between the holy and the common, between the unclean and the clean,(BG) 11 and so you can teach(BH) the Israelites all the decrees the Lord has given them through Moses.(BI)

12 Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain offering(BJ) left over from the food offerings prepared without yeast and presented to the Lord and eat it beside the altar,(BK) for it is most holy. 13 Eat it in the sanctuary area,(BL) because it is your share and your sons’ share of the food offerings presented to the Lord; for so I have been commanded.(BM) 14 But you and your sons and your daughters may eat the breast(BN) that was waved and the thigh that was presented. Eat them in a ceremonially clean place;(BO) they have been given to you and your children as your share of the Israelites’ fellowship offerings. 15 The thigh(BP) that was presented and the breast that was waved must be brought with the fat portions of the food offerings, to be waved before the Lord as a wave offering.(BQ) This will be the perpetual share for you and your children, as the Lord has commanded.”

16 When Moses inquired about the goat of the sin offering[d](BR) and found that it had been burned up, he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and asked, 17 “Why didn’t you eat the sin offering(BS) in the sanctuary area? It is most holy; it was given to you to take away the guilt(BT) of the community by making atonement for them before the Lord. 18 Since its blood was not taken into the Holy Place,(BU) you should have eaten the goat in the sanctuary area, as I commanded.(BV)

19 Aaron replied to Moses, “Today they sacrificed their sin offering and their burnt offering(BW) before the Lord, but such things as this have happened to me. Would the Lord have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today?” 20 When Moses heard this, he was satisfied.

Clean and Unclean Food(BX)

11 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat:(BY) You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.

“‘There are some that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, but you must not eat them.(BZ) The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. The hyrax, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. And the pig,(CA) though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.(CB)

“‘Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales. 10 But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales—whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water—you are to regard as unclean.(CC) 11 And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean.(CD) 12 Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.(CE)

13 “‘These are the birds you are to regard as unclean and not eat because they are unclean: the eagle,[e] the vulture, the black vulture, 14 the red kite, any kind(CF) of black kite, 15 any kind of raven,(CG) 16 the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17 the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, 18 the white owl,(CH) the desert owl, the osprey, 19 the stork,(CI) any kind(CJ) of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.(CK)

20 “‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you.(CL) 21 There are, however, some flying insects that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. 22 Of these you may eat any kind of locust,(CM) katydid, cricket or grasshopper. 23 But all other flying insects that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.

24 “‘You will make yourselves unclean by these;(CN) whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.(CO) 25 Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash their clothes,(CP) and they will be unclean till evening.(CQ)

26 “‘Every animal that does not have a divided hoof or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean. 27 Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 28 Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.(CR) These animals are unclean for you.

29 “‘Of the animals that move along the ground, these are unclean for you:(CS) the weasel, the rat,(CT) any kind of great lizard, 30 the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon. 31 Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening. 32 When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth.(CU) Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean. 33 If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot.(CV) 34 Any food you are allowed to eat that has come into contact with water from any such pot is unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean. 35 Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean. 36 A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean. 37 If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. 38 But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

39 “‘If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies,(CW) anyone who touches its carcass(CX) will be unclean till evening. 40 Anyone who eats some of its carcass(CY) must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.(CZ) Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.

41 “‘Every creature that moves along the ground is to be regarded as unclean; it is not to be eaten. 42 You are not to eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is unclean. 43 Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures.(DA) Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them. 44 I am the Lord your God;(DB) consecrate yourselves(DC) and be holy,(DD) because I am holy.(DE) Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves along the ground.(DF) 45 I am the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt(DG) to be your God;(DH) therefore be holy, because I am holy.(DI)

46 “‘These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. 47 You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.(DJ)’”

Notas al pie

  1. Leviticus 9:2 Or purification offering; here and throughout this chapter
  2. Leviticus 9:4 The Hebrew word can refer to either male or female; also in verses 18 and 19.
  3. Leviticus 10:6 Or Do not uncover your heads
  4. Leviticus 10:16 Or purification offering; also in verses 17 and 19
  5. Leviticus 11:13 The precise identification of some of the birds, insects and animals in this chapter is uncertain.