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Leviticus 6
Lexham English Bible

Additional Laws for Burnt Offerings

6 [a] Then[b] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “When a person[c] displays infidelity[d] against Yahweh and he deceives his fellow citizen regarding[e] something entrusted or a pledge[f] or stealing or he exploits his fellow citizen, 3 or he finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely[g] in regard to[h] any one of these things by which a person[i] might commit sin, 4 and when[j] he sins and is guilty, then[k] he shall bring back the things he had stolen[l] or what he had extorted[m] or something with which he had been entrusted[n] or the lost property that he had found, 5 or regarding[o] anything about which he has sworn falsely,[p] then[q] he shall repay it according to[r] its value and shall add one-fifth of its value to it—he must give it to whom it belongs[s] on the day of his guilt offering. 6 And he must bring as his guilt offering to Yahweh a ram without defect from the flock[t] by your valuation[u] as a guilt offering to the priest, 7 and the priest shall make atonement for him before[v] Yahweh, and he shall be forgiven anything[w] from all that he might do by which he might incur guilt.”[x]

8 Then[y] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 9 “Command Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the regulation of the burnt offering: The burnt offering must remain on the hearth[z] on the altar all night until the morning, and the altar’s fire must be kept burning on it. 10 And the priest shall put on his linen robe, and he must put his linen undergarments on his body, and he shall take away the fatty ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the altar, and he shall place them[aa] beside the altar. 11 And he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and he shall bring out the fatty ashes outside the camp[ab] to a ceremonially clean place, 12 but[ac] the fire on the altar must be kept burning on it; it must not be quenched. And the priest must burn wood every morning[ad] on it,[ae] and he shall arrange the burnt offering on it,[af] and he shall turn into smoke the fat portions of the fellowship offerings on it.[ag] 13 A perpetual fire must be kept burning on the altar; it must not be quenched.

Additional Laws for Grain Offerings

14 “‘And this is the regulation of the grain offering. Aaron’s sons shall present it before[ah] Yahweh in front of[ai] the altar, 15 and he[aj] in his fist shall take away from it some of[ak] the grain offering’s finely milled flour, and some of[al] its oil and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he shall turn into smoke its token portion on the altar as an appeasing fragrance to Yahweh. 16 And Aaron and his sons must eat the remainder of it; they must eat it as unleavened bread in a holy place—in the tent of assembly’s courtyard they must eat it. 17 It must not be baked with yeast. I have given it as their share from my offerings made by fire. It is a most holy thing,[am] like the sin offering and like the guilt offering. 18 Every male among Aaron’s sons may eat it as a lasting rule among your generations from the offerings made by fire belonging to[an] Yahweh. Anything that[ao] touches them will become holy.’”

19 Then[ap] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 20 “This is the offering of Aaron and his sons that they shall present to Yahweh on the day of his being anointed: a tenth of an[aq] ephah of finely milled flour as a perpetual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 21 It must be made[ar] in[as] oil on a flat baking pan; you[at] must bring it well-mixed; you must present pieces of a grain offering’s baked goods[au] as an appeasing fragrance to Yahweh. 22 And the anointed priest taking his place from among his sons must do it. As a lasting rule, it must be turned into smoke totally for Yahweh. 23 And every grain offering of a priest must be a whole burnt offering; it must not be eaten.”

Additional Laws for Sin Offerings

24 Then[av] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 25 “Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, ‘This is the regulation of the sin offering: In the place where the sin offering is slaughtered, the sin offering must be slaughtered before[aw] Yahweh; it is a most holy thing.[ax] 26 The priest who offers the sin offering[ay] must eat it in a holy place—in the tent of assembly’s courtyard. 27 Anything that[az] touches its flesh will become holy, and when some of[ba] its blood spatters on a[bb] garment, what was spattered on it you[bc] shall wash in a holy place. 28 And a clay vessel in which it was boiled must be broken, but[bd] if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then[be] it shall be thoroughly scoured and rinsed with water. 29 Any male among the priests may eat it; it is a most holy thing.[bf] 30 But[bg] any sin offering from which some of[bh] its blood is brought to the tent of assembly to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten; it must be burned in the fire.’”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 6:1 Leviticus 6:1–30 in the English Bible is 5:20–6:23 in the Hebrew Bible
  2. Leviticus 6:1 Or “And”
  3. Leviticus 6:2 Or “a soul”
  4. Leviticus 6:2 Literally “acts unfaithfully infidelity” or “is unfaithful in unfaithfulness”
  5. Leviticus 6:2 Literally “in”
  6. Leviticus 6:2 Literally “a pledge of a hand”
  7. Leviticus 6:3 Literally “in accordance with deception”
  8. Leviticus 6:3 Literally “on” or “upon”
  9. Leviticus 6:3 Literally “the man”
  10. Leviticus 6:4 Literally “and it will be when”
  11. Leviticus 6:4 Or “and”
  12. Leviticus 6:4 Literally “the robbed things that he had stolen”
  13. Leviticus 6:4 Literally “the extortion that he had extorted”
  14. Leviticus 6:4 Literally “something entrusted that had been entrusted to him”
  15. Leviticus 6:5 Literally “from”
  16. Leviticus 6:5 Literally “in accordance with deception”
  17. Leviticus 6:5 Or “and”
  18. Leviticus 6:5 Literally “in”
  19. Leviticus 6:5 Literally “to whom it is to him”
  20. Leviticus 6:6 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  21. Leviticus 6:6 See 5:15 and 18
  22. Leviticus 6:7 Literally “to the faces of”
  23. Leviticus 6:7 Literally “one”
  24. Leviticus 6:7 Literally “which he might do for incurring guilt by it”
  25. Leviticus 6:8 Or “And”
  26. Leviticus 6:9 Literally “It shall be the burnt offering on a hearth”
  27. Leviticus 6:10 Hebrew “him/it”—plural required by the English “fatty ashes”
  28. Leviticus 6:11 Literally “to from an outside place of the camp”
  29. Leviticus 6:12 Or “and”
  30. Leviticus 6:12 Literally “in the morning in the morning”
  31. Leviticus 6:12 Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms)
  32. Leviticus 6:12 Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms)
  33. Leviticus 6:12 Antecedent for this 3fs suffix is “fire” (“altar” is ms)
  34. Leviticus 6:14 Literally “to the faces of”
  35. Leviticus 6:14 Literally “to the faces of”
  36. Leviticus 6:15 That is, the priest; understood by context and 3ms verb
  37. Leviticus 6:15 Literally “from”
  38. Leviticus 6:15 Literally “from”
  39. Leviticus 6:17 Literally “a holiness of holinesses”
  40. Leviticus 6:18 Literally “of”
  41. Leviticus 6:18 Or “Everyone who”
  42. Leviticus 6:19 Or “And”
  43. Leviticus 6:20 Hebrew “the”
  44. Leviticus 6:21 Or “prepared”
  45. Leviticus 6:21 Or “with”
  46. Leviticus 6:21 Singular masculine
  47. Leviticus 6:21 Or “broken bits” (JPS, NET, NIV)
  48. Leviticus 6:24 Or “And”
  49. Leviticus 6:25 Literally “to the faces of”
  50. Leviticus 6:25 Literally “a holiness of holinesses”
  51. Leviticus 6:26 Literally “one who offers it a sin offering”
  52. Leviticus 6:27 Or “Everyone who”
  53. Leviticus 6:27 Literally “from”
  54. Leviticus 6:27 Hebrew “the”
  55. Leviticus 6:27 Singular masculine
  56. Leviticus 6:28 Or “and”
  57. Leviticus 6:28 Or “and”
  58. Leviticus 6:29 Literally “a holiness of holinesses”
  59. Leviticus 6:30 Or “And”
  60. Leviticus 6:30 Literally “from”
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Leviticus 6
New English Translation

Trespass by Deception and False Oath

6 (5:20)[a] Then the Lord spoke to Moses:[b] 2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass[c] against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen[d] in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen,[e] 3 or has found something lost and denies it and swears falsely[f] concerning any one of the things that someone might do to sin[g]— 4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty[h] then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust,[i] or the lost thing that he had found, 5 or anything about which he swears falsely.[j] He must restore it in full[k] and add one-fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty.[l] 6 Then he must bring his guilt offering to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels,[m] for a guilt offering to the priest. 7 So the priest will make atonement[n] on his behalf before the Lord and he will be forgiven[o] for whatever he has done to become guilty.”[p]

Sacrificial Instructions for the Priests: The Burnt Offering

8 (6:1)[q] Then the Lord spoke to Moses:[r] 9 “Command Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the burnt offering. The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth[s] on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar must be kept burning on it.[t] 10 Then the priest must put on his linen robe and must put linen leggings[u] over his bare flesh, and he must take up the fatty ashes of the burnt offering that the fire consumed on the altar,[v] and he must place them[w] beside the altar. 11 Then he must take off his clothes and put on other clothes, and he must bring the fatty ashes outside the camp to a ceremonially clean[x] place, 12 but the fire which is on the altar must be kept burning on it.[y] It must not be extinguished. So the priest must kindle wood on it morning by morning, and he must arrange the burnt offering on it and offer the fat of the peace offering up in smoke on it. 13 A continual fire must be kept burning on the altar. It must not be extinguished.

The Grain Offering of the Common Person

14 “‘This is the law of the grain offering. The sons of Aaron are to present it[z] before the Lord in front of the altar, 15 and the priest[aa] must take up with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering[ab] and some of its olive oil, and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he must offer its memorial portion[ac] up in smoke on the altar[ad] as a soothing aroma to the Lord.[ae] 16 Aaron and his sons are to eat what is left over from it. It must be eaten unleavened in a holy place; they are to eat it in the courtyard of the Meeting Tent. 17 It must not be baked with yeast.[af] I have given it as their portion from my gifts. It is most holy,[ag] like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it. It is a perpetual allotted portion[ah] throughout your generations[ai] from the gifts of the Lord. Anyone who touches these gifts[aj] must be holy.’”[ak]

The Grain Offering of the Priests

19 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:[al] 20 “This is the offering of Aaron and his sons which they must present to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah[am] of choice wheat flour[an] as a continual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 21 It must be made with olive oil on a griddle and you must bring it well soaked,[ao] so you must present a grain offering of broken pieces[ap] as a soothing aroma to the Lord. 22 The high priest who succeeds him[aq] from among his sons must do it. It is a perpetual statute; it must be offered up in smoke as a whole offering to the Lord. 23 Every grain offering of a priest must be a whole offering; it must not be eaten.”

The Sin Offering

24 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:[ar] 25 “Tell Aaron and his sons, ‘This is the law of the sin offering. In the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered the sin offering must be slaughtered before the Lord. It is most holy.[as] 26 The priest who offers it for sin is to eat it. It must be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the Meeting Tent. 27 Anyone who touches its meat must be holy, and whoever spatters some of its blood on a garment[at] must wash[au] whatever he spatters it on in a holy place. 28 Any clay vessel it is boiled in must be broken, and if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then that vessel[av] must be rubbed out and rinsed in water. 29 Any male among the priests may eat it. It is most holy.[aw] 30 But any sin offering from which some of its blood is brought into the Meeting Tent to make atonement in the sanctuary must not be eaten. It must be burned up in the fire.[ax]

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 6:1 sn Beginning with 6:1, the verse numbers through 6:30 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 6:1 ET = 5:20 HT, 6:2 ET = 5:21 HT, 6:8 ET = 6:1 HT, etc., through 6:30 ET = 6:23 HT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the English text and Hebrew text are again the same.
  2. Leviticus 6:1 sn This paragraph is Lev 6:1-7 in the English Bible but Lev 5:20-26 in the Hebrew text. The quotation introduced by v. 1 extends from Lev 6:2 (5:21 HT) through 6:7 (5:26 HT), encompassing the third main section of guilt offering regulations. Compare the notes on Lev 1:1; 4:1; and 5:14 above.
  3. Leviticus 6:2 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, maʿal). See the note on 5:15.
  4. Leviticus 6:2 tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.”
  5. Leviticus 6:2 tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.”
  6. Leviticus 6:3 tn Heb “and swears on falsehood”; cf. CEV “deny something while under oath.”
  7. Leviticus 6:3 tn Heb “on one from all which the man shall do to sin in them.”
  8. Leviticus 6:4 tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.
  9. Leviticus 6:4 tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”
  10. Leviticus 6:5 tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.”
  11. Leviticus 6:5 tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84).
  12. Leviticus 6:5 tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338).
  13. Leviticus 6:6 tn The words “into silver shekels” are supplied here. See the full expression in Lev 5:15, and compare 5:18. Cf. NRSV “or its equivalent”; NLT “or the animal’s equivalent value in silver.”
  14. Leviticus 6:7 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
  15. Leviticus 6:7 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
  16. Leviticus 6:7 tn Heb “on one from all which he does to become guilty in it”; NAB “whatever guilt he may have incurred.”
  17. Leviticus 6:8 sn Lev 6:8 in the English Bible = 6:1 in the Hebrew text. See also the note on 6:1.
  18. Leviticus 6:8 sn The following paragraphs are Lev 6:8-30 in the English Bible but 6:1-23 in the Hebrew text. This initial verse makes the special priestly regulations for the people’s burnt and grain offerings into a single unit (i.e., Lev 6:8-18 [6:1-11 HT]; cf. Lev 1-2 above). Note also the separate introductions for various priestly regulations in Lev 6:19 [12 HT], 24 [17 HT], and for the common people in Lev 7:22, 28 below.
  19. Leviticus 6:9 tn Heb “It is the burnt offering on the hearth.”
  20. Leviticus 6:9 tn Heb “in it.” In this context “in it” apparently refers to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar.
  21. Leviticus 6:10 tn The exact nature of this article of the priest’s clothing is difficult to determine. Cf. KJV, ASV “breeches”; NAB “drawers”; NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “undergarments”; NCV “underclothes”; CEV “underwear”; TEV “shorts.”
  22. Leviticus 6:10 tn Heb “he shall lift up the fatty ashes which the fire shall consume the burnt offering on the altar.”
  23. Leviticus 6:10 tn Heb “it,” referring the “fatty ashes” as a single unit.
  24. Leviticus 6:11 tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness of the place involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.
  25. Leviticus 6:12 tn Heb “in it,” apparently referring to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar (cf. the note on v. 9).
  26. Leviticus 6:14 tn Heb “offering it, the sons of Aaron.” The verb is a Hiphil infinitive absolute, which is used here in place of the finite verb as either a jussive (GKC 346 §113.cc, “let the sons of Aaron offer”) or more likely an injunctive in light of the verbs that follow (Joüon 2:430 §123.v, “the sons of Aaron shall/must offer”).
  27. Leviticus 6:15 tn Heb “and he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. The “he” refers to the officiating priest. A similar shift between singular and plural occurs in Lev 1:7-9, but see the note on Lev 1:7 and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 89 for the possibility of a textual defect.
  28. Leviticus 6:15 tn Heb “shall take up from it with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering.”
  29. Leviticus 6:15 sn See the note on Lev 2:2.
  30. Leviticus 6:15 tc Smr reading, which includes the locative ה (he, translated “on” the altar), is preferred here. This is the normal construction with the verb “offer up in smoke” in Lev 1-7 (see the note on Lev 1:9).
  31. Leviticus 6:15 tn Heb “and he shall offer up in smoke [on] the altar a soothing aroma, its memorial portion, to the Lord.”
  32. Leviticus 6:17 tn Heb “It must not be baked leavened” (cf. Lev 2:11). The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.
  33. Leviticus 6:17 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is”; cf. NAB “most sacred.”
  34. Leviticus 6:18 tn Or “a perpetual regulation”; cf. NASB “a permanent ordinance”; NRSV “as their perpetual due.”
  35. Leviticus 6:18 tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come.”
  36. Leviticus 6:18 tn Heb “touches them”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In this context “them” must refer to the “gifts” of the Lord.
  37. Leviticus 6:18 tn Or “anyone/anything that touches them shall become holy” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:443-56). The question is whether this refers to the contagious nature of holy objects (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) or whether it simply sets forth a demand that anyone who touches the holy gifts of the Lord must be a holy person (cf. CEV). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:900-902.
  38. Leviticus 6:19 sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT] above.
  39. Leviticus 6:20 sn A tenth of an ephah is about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306).
  40. Leviticus 6:20 tn For the rendering “choice wheat flour” see the note on Lev 2:1.
  41. Leviticus 6:21 tn The term rendered here “well soaked” (see, e.g., NRSV; the Hebrew term is מֻרְבֶּכֶת, murbekhet) occurs only three times (here; 7:12, and 1 Chr 23:29), and is sometimes translated “well-mixed” (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT; NASB “well stirred”; NAB “well kneaded”). The meaning is uncertain (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:399-400), but in Lev 7:12 it stands parallel to already prepared grain offerings either “mixed” (the Hebrew term is בְּלוּלֹת (belulot), not מֻרְבֶּכֶת as in Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT]) or anointed with oil.
  42. Leviticus 6:21 tn Heb “broken bits [?] of a grain offering of pieces,” but the meaning of the Hebrew term rendered here “broken bits” (תֻּפִינֵי, tufine) is quite uncertain. Some take it from the Hebrew verb “to break up, to crumble” (פַּת [pat]; e.g., the Syriac, NAB, NIV, NLT “broken” pieces) and others from “to bake” (אָפַה, ʾafah; e.g., NRSV “baked pieces”). For a good summary of other proposed options, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90. Compare Lev 2:5-6 for the general regulations regarding this manner of grain offering. Similar but less problematic terminology is used there.
  43. Leviticus 6:22 tn Heb “And the anointed priest under him.”
  44. Leviticus 6:24 sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT].
  45. Leviticus 6:25 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is.” Cf. NAB “most sacred”; CEV “very sacred”; TEV “very holy.”
  46. Leviticus 6:27 tn Heb “on the garment”; NCV “on any clothes”; CEV “on the clothes of the priest.”
  47. Leviticus 6:27 tc The translation “you must wash” is based on the MT as it stands (cf. NASB, NIV). Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Ps.-J., and the Vulgate have a third person masculine singular passive form (Pual), “[the garment] must be washed” (cf. NAB, NRSV, NLT). This could also be supported from the verbs in the following verse, and it requires only a repointing of the Hebrew text with no change in consonants. See the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90 and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:404.
  48. Leviticus 6:28 tn Heb “it”; the words “that vessel” are supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.
  49. Leviticus 6:29 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is” (also in 7:1).
  50. Leviticus 6:30 tn Heb “burned with fire,” an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means “burned up,” “burned up entirely.”
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