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Leviticus 23
Lexham English Bible

Yahweh’s Feasts

23 Then[a] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the Israelites,[b] and say to them, ‘The festivals of Yahweh that you shall proclaim are holy assemblies; these are my appointed times.

Yahweh’s Sabbath

3 “‘For six days work is to be done, and on the seventh day shall be a Sabbath of complete rest,[c] a holy assembly; you shall not do any work; it shall be a Sabbath for Yahweh in all your dwellings.

The Passover

4 “‘These are Yahweh’s appointed times, holy assemblies, which you shall proclaim at[d] their appointed time. 5 In the first month, on the fourteenth of the month at the evening is Yahweh’s Passover. 6 And on the fifteenth day of this month is Yahweh’s Feast of Unleavened Bread; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. 7 On the first day there shall be a holy assembly for you; you shall not do any regular work.[e] 8 And you shall present an offering for Yahweh made by fire for seven days; on the seventh day there shall be a holy assembly; you shall not do any regular work.’”[f]

The Feast of Firstfruits

9 Then[g] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the Israelites,[h] and say to them, ‘When you come to the land that I am about to give to you and you reap its harvest, then[i] you shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruit of your harvest to the priest. 11 And he shall wave the sheaf before[j] Yahweh for your acceptance; the priest shall wave it on the day after[k] the Sabbath. 12 And on the day of your waving the sheaf you shall offer[l] a yearling[m] male lamb without defect as a burnt offering to Yahweh. 13 And its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah[n] of finely milled flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire for Yahweh, an appeasing fragrance; and its libation shall be a fourth of a hin[o] of wine. 14 And you shall not eat bread or[p] roasted grain or[q] ripe grain until this very same day,[r] until you present your God’s offering. This must be a lasting statute[s] for your generations in all your dwellings.

The Feast of Weeks

15 “‘And you shall count for yourselves from the day after[t] the Sabbath, from the day of your bringing the wave offering’s sheaf—there shall be seven full weeks. 16 Until the day after[u] the seventh Sabbath you shall count fifty days; then[v] you shall present a new grain offering for Yahweh. 17 You shall bring from your dwellings for a wave offering two loaves of bread made with[w] two-tenths of an ephah[x] of finely milled flour; they must be baked with leaven—the firstfruits belonging to[y] Yahweh. 18 And, in addition to the bread, you shall present seven yearling[z] male lambs without defects and one young bull[aa] and two rams—they shall be a burnt offering for Yahweh with[ab] their grain offering and their libations, an offering made by fire, an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh. 19 And you shall offer[ac] one he-goat as a sin offering and two yearling[ad] male lambs as a sacrifice of fellowship offerings. 20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave offering before[ae] Yahweh; in addition to the two male lambs, they shall be holy for Yahweh for the priest. 21 And you shall make a proclamation[af] on this very same day;[ag] it shall be a holy assembly for you; you shall not do any regular work;[ah] this is a lasting statute[ai] in all your dwellings throughout[aj] your generations. 22 And when you[ak] reap the harvest of your[al] land, you[am] must not finish the edge of your[an] field at your reaping, and you[ao] must not glean the remnants of your[ap] harvest—you[aq] shall leave them behind for the needy and for the alien; I am Yahweh your[ar] God.’”

The Feast of Trumpets

23 Then[as] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 24 “Speak to the Israelites,[at] saying, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you must have[au] a rest period, a remembrance of the trumpet blast, a holy assembly. 25 You must not do any regular work,[av] and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh.’”

The Day of Atonement

26 Then[aw] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 27 “Surely the Day of Atonement is on the tenth day of the seventh month; it shall be a holy assembly for you, and you shall deny yourselves, and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh. 28 And you must not do any regular work[ax] on this very same day,[ay] because it is the Day of Atonement to make atonement for you before[az] Yahweh your God. 29 If there is any person who does not deny himself on this very same day,[ba] then[bb] he shall be cut off from his people. 30 As for[bc] any person who does any work on this very same day,[bd] I will exterminate that person from the midst of his people. 31 You must not do any work; it is a lasting statute[be] throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 32 It is a Sabbath of complete rest[bf] for you, and you shall deny yourselves on the ninth day of the month in the evening—from evening to evening you must observe your extraordinary[bg] Sabbath.”

The Feast of Booths

33 Then[bh] Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 34 “Speak to the Israelites,[bi] saying, ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, this shall be the Feast of Booths for seven days for Yahweh. 35 On the first day there shall be a holy assembly; you must not do any regular work.[bj] 36 For seven days you must present an offering made by fire to Yahweh. On the eighth day it shall be a holy assembly for you, and you shall present an offering made by fire to Yahweh; it is a celebration; you must not do any regular work.[bk]

Summary

37 “‘These are Yahweh’s festivals, which you must proclaim, holy assemblies to present an offering made by fire to Yahweh—burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and libations, each on its proper day[bl]— 38 besides[bm] Yahweh’s Sabbaths and besides[bn] your gifts and besides[bo] your vows and besides[bp] all your freewill offerings that you give to Yahweh.

39 “‘Surely on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, at your gathering the land’s produce, you shall hold Yahweh’s festival for seven days; on the first day there shall be a rest period and on the eighth day a rest period. 40 And on the first day you shall take for yourselves the first fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees and branches[bq] of a leafy tree and of a brook’s poplar trees, and you shall rejoice before[br] Yahweh your God for seven days. 41 And you must hold it as a festival for Yahweh for seven days in the year; it shall be a lasting statute[bs] throughout your generations; in the seventh month you must hold it. 42 You must live in the booths for seven days; all the natives in Israel must live in the booths, 43 so that your generations shall know that I made the Israelites[bt] live in booths when I brought them from the land of Egypt; I am Yahweh your God.’”

44 Thus[bu] Moses announced to the Israelites[bv] Yahweh’s appointed times.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 23:1 Or “And”
  2. Leviticus 23:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  3. Leviticus 23:3 Literally “a Sabbath of ‘Sabbathation.’” “Sabbathation” is not a real word, but it is devised as an attempt to convey the sounds of the related nouns in the Hebrew phrase
  4. Leviticus 23:4 Or “on”
  5. Leviticus 23:7 Literally “all work of labor”
  6. Leviticus 23:8 Literally “all work of labor”
  7. Leviticus 23:9 Or “And”
  8. Leviticus 23:10 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  9. Leviticus 23:10 Or “and”
  10. Leviticus 23:11 Literally “to the faces of”
  11. Leviticus 23:11 Literally “from the next day of”
  12. Leviticus 23:12 Or “sacrifice”; literally “do” or “make”
  13. Leviticus 23:12 Literally “a son of its year”
  14. Leviticus 23:13 Supplied by context
  15. Leviticus 23:13 Hebrew “the hin”
  16. Leviticus 23:14 Or “and”
  17. Leviticus 23:14 Or “and”
  18. Leviticus 23:14 Literally “the exactly of this day”
  19. Leviticus 23:14 Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”
  20. Leviticus 23:15 Literally “from the next day of”
  21. Leviticus 23:16 Literally “from the next day of”
  22. Leviticus 23:16 Or “and”
  23. Leviticus 23:17 Literally “they shall be”
  24. Leviticus 23:17 Supplied by context
  25. Leviticus 23:17 Literally “to”
  26. Leviticus 23:18 Literally “a son of its year”
  27. Leviticus 23:18 Literally “a bull a son of cattle”
  28. Leviticus 23:18 Or “and”
  29. Leviticus 23:19 Or “sacrifice”; literally “do” or “make”
  30. Leviticus 23:19 Literally “a son of its year”
  31. Leviticus 23:20 Literally “to the faces of”
  32. Leviticus 23:21 Literally “you shall proclaim”
  33. Leviticus 23:21 Literally “the exactly of this day”
  34. Leviticus 23:21 Literally “all work of labor”
  35. Leviticus 23:21 Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”
  36. Leviticus 23:21 Or “for”
  37. Leviticus 23:22 Plural
  38. Leviticus 23:22 Plural
  39. Leviticus 23:22 Singular
  40. Leviticus 23:22 Singular
  41. Leviticus 23:22 Singular
  42. Leviticus 23:22 Singular
  43. Leviticus 23:22 Singular
  44. Leviticus 23:22 Plural
  45. Leviticus 23:23 Or “And”
  46. Leviticus 23:24 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  47. Leviticus 23:24 Literally “it must be for yourselves”
  48. Leviticus 23:25 Literally “all work of labor”
  49. Leviticus 23:26 Or “And”
  50. Leviticus 23:28 Literally “all work of labor”
  51. Leviticus 23:28 Literally “the exactly of this day”
  52. Leviticus 23:28 Literally “to the faces of”
  53. Leviticus 23:29 Literally “the exactly of this day”
  54. Leviticus 23:29 Or “and”
  55. Leviticus 23:30 Or “And”
  56. Leviticus 23:30 Literally “the exactly of this day”
  57. Leviticus 23:31 Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”
  58. Leviticus 23:32 Literally “a Sabbath of ‘Sabbathation.’” “Sabbathation” is not a real word, but it is devised as an attempt to convey the sounds of the related nouns in the Hebrew phrase
  59. Leviticus 23:32 Supplied from the immediate context within this verse
  60. Leviticus 23:33 Or “And”
  61. Leviticus 23:34 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  62. Leviticus 23:35 Literally “work of labor”
  63. Leviticus 23:36 Literally “all work of labor”
  64. Leviticus 23:37 Literally “a thing of a day on its day”
  65. Leviticus 23:38 Literally “from to alone”
  66. Leviticus 23:38 Literally “from to alone”
  67. Leviticus 23:38 Literally “from to alone”
  68. Leviticus 23:38 Literally “from to alone”
  69. Leviticus 23:40 Collective singular
  70. Leviticus 23:40 Literally “to the faces of”
  71. Leviticus 23:41 Literally “a statute of eternity” or “a statute of long duration”
  72. Leviticus 23:43 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  73. Leviticus 23:44 Or “And”
  74. Leviticus 23:44 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
Close NLT

Leviticus 23
New Living Translation

The Appointed Festivals

23 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. These are the Lord’s appointed festivals, which you are to proclaim as official days for holy assembly.

3 “You have six days each week for your ordinary work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath day of complete rest, an official day for holy assembly. It is the Lord’s Sabbath day, and it must be observed wherever you live.

4 “In addition to the Sabbath, these are the Lord’s appointed festivals, the official days for holy assembly that are to be celebrated at their proper times each year.

Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread

5 “The Lord’s Passover begins at sundown on the fourteenth day of the first month.[a] 6 On the next day, the fifteenth day of the month, you must begin celebrating the Festival of Unleavened Bread. This festival to the Lord continues for seven days, and during that time the bread you eat must be made without yeast. 7 On the first day of the festival, all the people must stop their ordinary work and observe an official day for holy assembly. 8 For seven days you must present special gifts to the Lord. On the seventh day the people must again stop all their ordinary work to observe an official day for holy assembly.”

Celebration of First Harvest

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, 10 “Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. When you enter the land I am giving you and you harvest its first crops, bring the priest a bundle of grain from the first cutting of your grain harvest. 11 On the day after the Sabbath, the priest will lift it up before the Lord so it may be accepted on your behalf. 12 On that same day you must sacrifice a one-year-old male lamb with no defects as a burnt offering to the Lord. 13 With it you must present a grain offering consisting of four quarts[b] of choice flour moistened with olive oil. It will be a special gift, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. You must also offer one quart[c] of wine as a liquid offering. 14 Do not eat any bread or roasted grain or fresh kernels on that day until you bring this offering to your God. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live.

The Festival of Harvest

15 “From the day after the Sabbath—the day you bring the bundle of grain to be lifted up as a special offering—count off seven full weeks. 16 Keep counting until the day after the seventh Sabbath, fifty days later. Then present an offering of new grain to the Lord. 17 From wherever you live, bring two loaves of bread to be lifted up before the Lord as a special offering. Make these loaves from four quarts of choice flour, and bake them with yeast. They will be an offering to the Lord from the first of your crops. 18 Along with the bread, present seven one-year-old male lambs with no defects, one young bull, and two rams as burnt offerings to the Lord. These burnt offerings, together with the grain offerings and liquid offerings, will be a special gift, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 19 Then you must offer one male goat as a sin offering and two one-year-old male lambs as a peace offering.

20 “The priest will lift up the two lambs as a special offering to the Lord, together with the loaves representing the first of your crops. These offerings, which are holy to the Lord, belong to the priests. 21 That same day will be proclaimed an official day for holy assembly, a day on which you do no ordinary work. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live.[d]

22 “When you harvest the crops of your land, do not harvest the grain along the edges of your fields, and do not pick up what the harvesters drop. Leave it for the poor and the foreigners living among you. I am the Lord your God.”

The Festival of Trumpets

23 The Lord said to Moses, 24 “Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. On the first day of the appointed month in early autumn,[e] you are to observe a day of complete rest. It will be an official day for holy assembly, a day commemorated with loud blasts of a trumpet. 25 You must do no ordinary work on that day. Instead, you are to present special gifts to the Lord.”

The Day of Atonement

26 Then the Lord said to Moses, 27 “Be careful to celebrate the Day of Atonement on the tenth day of that same month—nine days after the Festival of Trumpets.[f] You must observe it as an official day for holy assembly, a day to deny yourselves[g] and present special gifts to the Lord. 28 Do no work during that entire day because it is the Day of Atonement, when offerings of purification are made for you, making you right with[h] the Lord your God. 29 All who do not deny themselves that day will be cut off from God’s people. 30 And I will destroy anyone among you who does any work on that day. 31 You must not do any work at all! This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation wherever you live. 32 This will be a Sabbath day of complete rest for you, and on that day you must deny yourselves. This day of rest will begin at sundown on the ninth day of the month and extend until sundown on the tenth day.”

The Festival of Shelters

33 And the Lord said to Moses, 34 “Give the following instructions to the people of Israel. Begin celebrating the Festival of Shelters[i] on the fifteenth day of the appointed month—five days after the Day of Atonement.[j] This festival to the Lord will last for seven days. 35 On the first day of the festival you must proclaim an official day for holy assembly, when you do no ordinary work. 36 For seven days you must present special gifts to the Lord. The eighth day is another holy day on which you present your special gifts to the Lord. This will be a solemn occasion, and no ordinary work may be done that day.

37 (“These are the Lord’s appointed festivals. Celebrate them each year as official days for holy assembly by presenting special gifts to the Lord—burnt offerings, grain offerings, sacrifices, and liquid offerings—each on its proper day. 38 These festivals must be observed in addition to the Lord’s regular Sabbath days, and the offerings are in addition to your personal gifts, the offerings you give to fulfill your vows, and the voluntary offerings you present to the Lord.)

39 “Remember that this seven-day festival to the Lord—the Festival of Shelters—begins on the fifteenth day of the appointed month,[k] after you have harvested all the produce of the land. The first day and the eighth day of the festival will be days of complete rest. 40 On the first day gather branches from magnificent trees[l]—palm fronds, boughs from leafy trees, and willows that grow by the streams. Then celebrate with joy before the Lord your God for seven days. 41 You must observe this festival to the Lord for seven days every year. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed in the appointed month[m] from generation to generation. 42 For seven days you must live outside in little shelters. All native-born Israelites must live in shelters. 43 This will remind each new generation of Israelites that I made their ancestors live in shelters when I rescued them from the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.”

44 So Moses gave the Israelites these instructions regarding the annual festivals of the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. 23:5 This day in the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred in late March, April, or early May.
  2. 23:13a Hebrew 2⁄10 of an ephah [4.4 liters]; also in 23:17.
  3. 23:13b Hebrew 1⁄4 of a hin [1 liter].
  4. 23:21 This celebration, called the Festival of Harvest or the Festival of Weeks, was later called the Festival of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). It is celebrated today as Shavuot (or Shabuoth).
  5. 23:24 Hebrew On the first day of the seventh month. This day in the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred in September or October. This festival is celebrated today as Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year.
  6. 23:27a Hebrew on the tenth day of the seventh month; see 23:24 and the note there. This day in the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar occurred in September or October. It is celebrated today as Yom Kippur.
  7. 23:27b Or to fast; similarly in 23:29, 32.
  8. 23:28 Or when atonement is made for you before.
  9. 23:34a Or Festival of Booths, or Festival of Tabernacles. This was earlier called the Festival of the Final Harvest or Festival of Ingathering (see Exod 23:16b). It is celebrated today as Sukkot (or Succoth).
  10. 23:34b Hebrew on the fifteenth day of the seventh month; see 23:27a and the note there.
  11. 23:39 Hebrew on the fifteenth day of the seventh month.
  12. 23:40 Or gather fruit from majestic trees.
  13. 23:41 Hebrew the seventh month.
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Leviticus 22
Leviticus 24
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