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Leviticus 19:1-19
New English Translation

Religious and Social Regulations

19 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Speak to the whole congregation of the Israelites and tell them, ‘You must be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy. 3 Each of you must respect his mother and his father,[a] and you must keep my Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God. 4 Do not turn to idols,[b] and you must not make for yourselves gods of cast metal. I am the Lord your God.

Eating the Peace Offering

5 “‘When you sacrifice a peace-offering sacrifice to the Lord, you must sacrifice it so that it is accepted for you.[c] 6 It must be eaten on the day of your sacrifice and on the following day,[d] but what is left over until the third day must be burned up.[e] 7 If, however, it is eaten[f] on the third day, it is spoiled;[g] it will not be accepted, 8 and the one who eats it will bear his punishment for iniquity[h] because he has profaned[i] what is holy to the Lord.[j] That person will be cut off from his people.[k]

Leaving the Gleanings

9 “‘When you gather in the harvest[l] of your land, you must not completely harvest the corner of your field,[m] and you must not gather up the gleanings of your harvest. 10 You must not pick your vineyard bare,[n] and you must not gather up the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You must leave them for the poor and the resident foreigner.[o] I am the Lord your God.

Dealing Honestly

11 “‘You must not steal, you must not tell lies, and you must not deal falsely with your fellow citizen.[p] 12 You must not swear falsely[q] in my name, so that you do not profane[r] the name of your God. I am the Lord. 13 You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against your neighbor.[s] You must not withhold[t] the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning. 14 You must not curse a deaf person or put a stumbling block in front of a blind person.[u] You must fear[v] your God; I am the Lord.

Justice, Love, and Propriety

15 “‘You[w] must not deal unjustly in judgment:[x] You must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich.[y] You must judge your fellow citizen fairly.[z] 16 You must not go about as a slanderer among your people.[aa] You must not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is at stake.[ab] I am the Lord. 17 You must not hate your brother in your heart. You must surely reprove your fellow citizen so that you do not incur sin on account of him.[ac] 18 You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge against[ad] any of your people,[ae] but you must love your neighbor as yourself.[af] I am the Lord. 19 You must keep my statutes. You must not allow two different kinds of your animals to breed together,[ag] you must not sow your field with two different kinds of seed, and you must not wear[ah] a garment made of two different kinds of material.[ai]

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Notas al pie

  1. Leviticus 19:3 tn Heb “A man his mother and his father you [plural] shall fear.” The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain Targum mss reverse the order, “his father and his mother.” The term “fear” is subject to misunderstanding by the modern reader, so “respect” has been used in the translation. Cf. NAB, NRSV “revere”; NASB “reverence.”
  2. Leviticus 19:4 sn Regarding the difficult etymology and meaning of the term for “idols” (אֱלִילִים, ʾelilim), see B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 126; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 304; N. H. Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers (NBC), 89; and Judith M. Hadley, NIDOTTE 1:411. It appears to be a diminutive play on words with אֵל (ʾel, “god; God”) and, perhaps at the same time, recalls a common Semitic word for “worthless; weak; powerless; nothingness.” Snaith suggests a rendering of “worthless godlings.”
  3. Leviticus 19:5 tn Heb “for your acceptance”; cf. NIV, NLT “it will be accepted on your behalf.”
  4. Leviticus 19:6 tn Heb “from the following day” (HALOT 572 s.v. מָחֳרָת 2.b).
  5. Leviticus 19:6 tn Heb “shall be burned with fire”; KJV “shall be burnt in the fire.” Because “to burn with fire” is redundant in contemporary English the present translation simply has “must be burned up.”
  6. Leviticus 19:7 tn Heb “And if being eaten [infinitive absolute] it is eaten [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
  7. Leviticus 19:7 tn Or “desecrated,” or “defiled,” or “forbidden.” For this difficult term see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:422, on Lev 7:18.
  8. Leviticus 19:8 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
  9. Leviticus 19:8 sn Regarding “profaned,” see the note on Lev 10:10 above.
  10. Leviticus 19:8 tn Heb “the holiness of the Lord.”
  11. Leviticus 19:8 sn On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.
  12. Leviticus 19:9 tn Heb “And in your harvesting the harvest.”
  13. Leviticus 19:9 tn Heb “you shall not complete the corner of your field to harvest.”
  14. Leviticus 19:10 tn Heb “And you shall not deal severely with your vineyard.”
  15. Leviticus 19:10 sn On the Hebrew ger (גֵּר) “resident foreigner” see notes at Exod 12:19 and Deut 29:11. On the privilege of gleaning see also Lev 23:22; Deut 14:29; 24:19-21.
  16. Leviticus 19:11 tn Heb “you shall not deal falsely a man with his fellow citizen.”
  17. Leviticus 19:12 tn Heb “And you shall not swear to the falsehood.”
  18. Leviticus 19:12 tn Heb “and you shall not profane”; NAB “thus profaning.”
  19. Leviticus 19:13 tn Heb “You shall not oppress your neighbor and you shall not rob.”
  20. Leviticus 19:13 tn Heb “hold back with you”; perhaps “hold back for yourself” (cf. NRSV “keep for yourself”).
  21. Leviticus 19:14 tn Heb “You shall not curse a deaf [person] and before a blind [person] you shall not put a stumbling block.”
  22. Leviticus 19:14 tn Heb “And you shall fear.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV) regard the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) as adversative in force here (“but”).
  23. Leviticus 19:15 tc Smr has the singular rather than the plural “you” of the MT, which brings this verb form into line with the ones surrounding it.
  24. Leviticus 19:15 tn Heb “You shall not do injustice in judgment” (NASB similar); cf. NIV “do not pervert justice.”
  25. Leviticus 19:15 tn Heb “You shall not lift up faces of poor [people] and you shall not honor faces of great.”
  26. Leviticus 19:15 tn Heb “In righteousness you shall judge your fellow citizen.”
  27. Leviticus 19:16 tn The term רָכִיל (rakhil) is traditionally rendered “slanderer” here (so NASB, NIV, NRSV; see also J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 304, 316), but the exact meaning is uncertain (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129). It is sometimes related to I רָכַל (rakhal, “to go about as a trader [or “merchant”]”; BDB 940 s.v. רָכַל), and taken to refer to cutthroat business dealings, but there may be a II רָכַל, the meaning of which is dubious (HALOT 1237 s.v. II *רכל). Some would render it “to go about as a spy.”
  28. Leviticus 19:16 tn Heb “You shall not stand on the blood of your neighbor.” This part of the verse is also difficult to interpret. The rendering here suggests that one will not allow a neighbor to be victimized, whether in court (cf. v. 15) or in any other situation (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129).
  29. Leviticus 19:17 tn Heb “and you will not lift up on him sin.” The meaning of the line is somewhat obscure. It means either (1) that one should rebuke one’s neighbor when he sins lest one also becomes guilty, which is the way it is rendered here (see NIV, NRSV, NEB, JB; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129-30, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 303, and the discussion on pp. 316-17), or (2) one may rebuke one’s neighbor without incurring sin just as long as he does not hate him in his heart (see the first part of the verse; cf. NASB, NAB).
  30. Leviticus 19:18 tn Heb “and you shall not retain [anger?].” This line seems to refer to the retaining or maintaining of some vengeful feelings toward someone. Compare the combination of the same terms for taking vengeance and maintaining wrath against enemies in Nahum 1:2 (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305).
  31. Leviticus 19:18 tn Heb “the sons of your people.”
  32. Leviticus 19:18 sn Some scholars make a distinction between the verb אָהֵב (ʾahev, “to love”) with the direct object and the more unusual construction with the preposition ל (lamed) as it is here and in Lev 19:34 and 2 Chr 19:2 only. If there is a distinction, the construction here probably calls for direct and helpful action toward one’s neighbor (see the discussion in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305, and esp. 317-18). Such love stands in contrast to taking vengeance or bearing a grudge against someone and, in NT terms, amounts to fulfilling the so-called “golden rule” (Matt 7:12).
  33. Leviticus 19:19 tn Heb “Your animals, you shall not cross-breed two different kinds.”
  34. Leviticus 19:19 tn Heb “you shall not cause to go up on you.”
  35. Leviticus 19:19 sn Cf. Deut 22:11 where the Hebrew term translated “two different kinds” (כִּלְאַיִם, kilʾayim) refers to a mixture of linen and wool woven together in a garment.
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Leviticus 19:1-19
New International Version

Various Laws

19 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the entire assembly of Israel(A) and say to them: ‘Be holy because I, the Lord your God,(B) am holy.(C)

3 “‘Each of you must respect your mother and father,(D) and you must observe my Sabbaths.(E) I am the Lord your God.(F)

4 “‘Do not turn to idols or make metal gods for yourselves.(G) I am the Lord your God.(H)

5 “‘When you sacrifice a fellowship offering to the Lord, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf. 6 It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it or on the next day; anything left over until the third day must be burned up.(I) 7 If any of it is eaten on the third day, it is impure and will not be accepted.(J) 8 Whoever eats it will be held responsible(K) because they have desecrated what is holy(L) to the Lord; they must be cut off from their people.(M)

9 “‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges(N) of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.(O) 10 Do not go over your vineyard a second time(P) or pick up the grapes that have fallen.(Q) Leave them for the poor and the foreigner.(R) I am the Lord your God.

11 “‘Do not steal.(S)

“‘Do not lie.(T)

“‘Do not deceive one another.(U)

12 “‘Do not swear falsely(V) by my name(W) and so profane(X) the name of your God. I am the Lord.

13 “‘Do not defraud or rob(Y) your neighbor.(Z)

“‘Do not hold back the wages of a hired worker(AA) overnight.(AB)

14 “‘Do not curse the deaf or put a stumbling block in front of the blind,(AC) but fear your God.(AD) I am the Lord.

15 “‘Do not pervert justice;(AE) do not show partiality(AF) to the poor or favoritism to the great,(AG) but judge your neighbor fairly.(AH)

16 “‘Do not go about spreading slander(AI) among your people.

“‘Do not do anything that endangers your neighbor’s life.(AJ) I am the Lord.

17 “‘Do not hate a fellow Israelite in your heart.(AK) Rebuke your neighbor frankly(AL) so you will not share in their guilt.

18 “‘Do not seek revenge(AM) or bear a grudge(AN) against anyone among your people,(AO) but love your neighbor(AP) as yourself.(AQ) I am the Lord.

19 “‘Keep my decrees.(AR)

“‘Do not mate different kinds of animals.

“‘Do not plant your field with two kinds of seed.(AS)

“‘Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of material.(AT)

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