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«Questa è la legge dell'offerta per la trasgressione; (è cosa santissima).

Nel luogo dove si scanna l'olocausto, si scannerà la vittima per la trasgressione; e il suo sangue sarà spruzzato tutt'intorno sull'altare.

Di essa presenterà tutto il grasso: rimuoverà la coda grassa, il grasso che copre gli intestini,

i due reni, il grasso che è su di essi intorno ai lombi e il lobo grasso del fegato sopra i reni.

Quindi il sacerdote li farà fumare sull'altare, come un sacrificio fatto col fuoco all'Eterno. Questo è un sacrificio per la trasgressione.

Ogni maschio tra i sacerdoti ne potrà mangiare; lo si mangerà in luogo santo; è cosa santissima.

Il sacrificio per la trasgressione è come il sacrificio per il peccato; la stessa legge vale per entrambi; la vittima con la quale il sacerdote fa l'espiazione spetta a lui.

E il sacerdote, che offre l'olocausto di qualcuno, prenderà per sé la pelle dell'olocausto che avrà offerto.

Così ogni oblazione di cibo cotta al forno, o preparata in padella o sulla griglia, sarà del sacerdote che l'ha offerta.

10 E ogni oblazione di cibo mescolata con olio o asciutta spetta a tutti i figli di Aaronne: per l'uno come per l'altro.

11 Questa è la legge del sacrificio di ringraziamento, che si porterà all'Eterno.

12 Se uno l'offre per rendimento di grazie, offrirà col sacrificio di rendimento di grazie focacce senza lievito intrise con olio, schiacciate senza lievito unte con olio e focacce di fior di farina mescolate con olio.

13 Assieme alle focacce di pane senza lievito, come sua offerta presenterà, col sacrificio di rendimento di grazie, il suo sacrificio di ringraziamento.

14 Di ogni offerta egli offrirà una focaccia come oblazione elevata all'Eterno; essa sarà del sacerdote che avrà spruzzato il sangue del sacrificio di ringraziamento.

15 La carne del sacrificio di rendimento di grazie presentato in ringraziamento sarà mangiata il giorno stesso in cui è offerta; non se ne lascerà nulla fino al mattino.

16 Ma se il sacrificio che uno offre è un voto o un'offerta spontanea, sarà mangiato il giorno in cui il sacrificio è presentato; quel che ne rimane dovrà essere mangiato l'indomani.

17 Ma quel che resta della carne del sacrificio sarà bruciato col fuoco il terzo giorno.

18 Se nel terzo giorno si mangia della carne del suo sacrificio di ringraziamento, esso non sarà accetto e non gli sarà accreditato; sarà una cosa abominevole; e colui che ne mangia, porterà la pena del suo peccato.

19 La carne che tocca una qualsiasi cosa impura non sarà mangiata; sarà bruciata col fuoco. Quanto all'altra carne, chiunque è puro ne potrà mangiare.

20 Ma la persona che, essendo impura, mangia della carne del sacrificio di ringraziamento che appartiene all'Eterno, sarà sterminata dal suo popolo.

21 Inoltre se uno tocca una qualsiasi cosa impura, (una impurità umana, un animale impuro o qualsiasi cosa abominevole e immonda) e mangia della carne del sacrificio di ringraziamento che appartiene all'Eterno, quel tale sarà sterminato dal suo popolo».

22 L'Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

23 Parla ai figli d'Israele e di' loro: Non mangerete alcun grasso di bue o di pecora o di capra.

24 Il grasso di una bestia morta naturalmente e il grasso di una bestia sbranata potrà servire per qualunque altro uso, ma non ne mangerete affatto;

25 perché chiunque infatti mangia del grasso di un animale che viene offerto in sacrifico fatto col fuoco all'Eterno, quel tale che ne mangia sarà sterminato dal suo popolo.

26 Inoltre non mangerete alcun sangue, né di uccelli né di quadrupedi, in nessuna delle vostre abitazioni.

27 Chiunque mangia alcun genere di sangue, sarà sterminato dal suo popolo».

28 L'Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

29 Parla ai figli d'Israele e di' loro: Chi offre all'Eterno il suo sacrificio di ringraziamento porterà la sua offerta all'Eterno, prelevandola dal suo sacrifico di ringraziamento.

30 Porterà con le proprie mani le offerte fatte col fuoco all'Eterno; porterà il grasso insieme col petto, per agitare il petto come offerta agitata davanti all'Eterno.

31 Il sacerdote farà fumare il grasso sull'altare, mentre il petto sarà di Aaronne e dei suoi figli.

32 Darete pure al sacerdote, come offerta elevata, la coscia destra dei vostri sacrifici di ringraziamento.

33 Colui dei figli di Aaronne che offre il sangue e il grasso dei sacrifici di ringraziamento avrà, come sua parte, la coscia destra.

34 Poiché dai sacrifici di ringraziamento offerti dai figli d'Israele io prendo il petto dell'offerta agitata e la coscia dell'offerta elevata, e li do al sacerdote Aaronne e ai suoi figli, come un debito perenne da parte dei figli d'Israele».

35 Questa è la parte consacrata ad Aaronne e ai suoi figli dei sacrifici fatti col fuoco all'Eterno, nel giorno in cui saranno presentati per servire all'Eterno come sacerdoti.

36 Questo l'Eterno ha ordinato ai figli d'Israele di dare loro nel giorno in cui li ha unti, come una legge perpetua per tutte le loro generazioni.

37 Questa è la legge dell'olocausto, dell'oblazione di cibo, del sacrificio per il peccato, del sacrificio per la trasgressione, della consacrazione e del sacrificio di ringraziamento,

38 legge che l'Eterno diede a Mosè sul monte Sinai, il giorno che ordinò ai figli d'Israele di presentare le loro offerte all'Eterno nel deserto di Sinai.

The Guilt Offering

“‘These are the regulations for the guilt offering,(A) which is most holy: The guilt offering is to be slaughtered in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and its blood is to be splashed against the sides of the altar. All its fat(B) shall be offered: the fat tail and the fat that covers the internal organs, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the long lobe of the liver, which is to be removed with the kidneys.(C) The priest shall burn them on the altar(D) as a food offering presented to the Lord. It is a guilt offering. Any male in a priest’s family may eat it,(E) but it must be eaten in the sanctuary area; it is most holy.(F)

“‘The same law applies to both the sin offering[a](G) and the guilt offering:(H) They belong to the priest(I) who makes atonement with them.(J) The priest who offers a burnt offering for anyone may keep its hide(K) for himself. Every grain offering baked in an oven(L) or cooked in a pan(M) or on a griddle(N) belongs to the priest who offers it, 10 and every grain offering, whether mixed with olive oil or dry, belongs equally to all the sons of Aaron.

The Fellowship Offering

11 “‘These are the regulations for the fellowship offering anyone may present to the Lord:

12 “‘If they offer it as an expression of thankfulness, then along with this thank offering(O) they are to offer thick loaves(P) made without yeast(Q) and with olive oil mixed in, thin loaves(R) made without yeast and brushed with oil,(S) and thick loaves of the finest flour well-kneaded and with oil mixed in. 13 Along with their fellowship offering of thanksgiving(T) they are to present an offering with thick loaves of bread made with yeast.(U) 14 They are to bring one of each kind as an offering, a contribution to the Lord; it belongs to the priest who splashes the blood of the fellowship offering against the altar. 15 The meat of their fellowship offering of thanksgiving must be eaten on the day it is offered; they must leave none of it till morning.(V)

16 “‘If, however, their offering is the result of a vow(W) or is a freewill offering,(X) the sacrifice shall be eaten on the day they offer it, but anything left over may be eaten on the next day.(Y) 17 Any meat of the sacrifice left over till the third day must be burned up.(Z) 18 If any meat of the fellowship offering(AA) is eaten on the third day, the one who offered it will not be accepted.(AB) It will not be reckoned(AC) to their credit, for it has become impure; the person who eats any of it will be held responsible.(AD)

19 “‘Meat that touches anything ceremonially unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned up. As for other meat, anyone ceremonially clean may eat it. 20 But if anyone who is unclean(AE) eats any meat of the fellowship offering belonging to the Lord, they must be cut off from their people.(AF) 21 Anyone who touches something unclean(AG)—whether human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean creature that moves along the ground[b]—and then eats any of the meat of the fellowship offering belonging to the Lord must be cut off from their people.’”

Eating Fat and Blood Forbidden

22 The Lord said to Moses, 23 “Say to the Israelites: ‘Do not eat any of the fat of cattle, sheep or goats.(AH) 24 The fat of an animal found dead or torn by wild animals(AI) may be used for any other purpose, but you must not eat it. 25 Anyone who eats the fat of an animal from which a food offering may be[c] presented to the Lord must be cut off from their people. 26 And wherever you live, you must not eat the blood(AJ) of any bird or animal. 27 Anyone who eats blood(AK) must be cut off from their people.’”

The Priests’ Share

28 The Lord said to Moses, 29 “Say to the Israelites: ‘Anyone who brings a fellowship offering to the Lord is to bring part of it as their sacrifice to the Lord. 30 With their own hands they are to present the food offering to the Lord; they are to bring the fat, together with the breast, and wave the breast before the Lord as a wave offering.(AL) 31 The priest shall burn the fat on the altar,(AM) but the breast belongs to Aaron and his sons.(AN) 32 You are to give the right thigh of your fellowship offerings to the priest as a contribution.(AO) 33 The son of Aaron who offers the blood and the fat of the fellowship offering shall have the right thigh as his share. 34 From the fellowship offerings of the Israelites, I have taken the breast that is waved and the thigh(AP) that is presented and have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons(AQ) as their perpetual share from the Israelites.’”

35 This is the portion of the food offerings presented to the Lord that were allotted to Aaron and his sons on the day they were presented to serve the Lord as priests. 36 On the day they were anointed,(AR) the Lord commanded that the Israelites give this to them as their perpetual share for the generations to come.

37 These, then, are the regulations for the burnt offering,(AS) the grain offering,(AT) the sin offering, the guilt offering, the ordination offering(AU) and the fellowship offering, 38 which the Lord gave Moses(AV) at Mount Sinai(AW) in the Desert of Sinai on the day he commanded the Israelites to bring their offerings to the Lord.(AX)

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 7:7 Or purification offering; also in verse 37
  2. Leviticus 7:21 A few Hebrew manuscripts, Samaritan Pentateuch, Syriac and Targum (see 5:2); most Hebrew manuscripts any unclean, detestable thing
  3. Leviticus 7:25 Or offering is

Eternal One (to Moses): Here are the instructions for the ritual of the guilt offering; it is most sacred. The slaughter of the guilt offering must take place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, and the priest must splatter its blood against the sides of the altar. Then the priest is to offer all of its fat, the fat tail, the fat covering and surrounding the organs, the two kidneys and the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver (which he is to remove along with the kidneys). The priest must offer it all up on the altar as a fire-offering to Me. It is a guilt offering. Every man who is a priest may eat of it, as long as he eats in a holy place; it is most sacred.

The guilt offering is similar to the purification offering for sin. The instructions are the same for both rituals. The priest who makes the atoning sacrifice is allowed to have some of it. Also, the priest who presents anyone’s burnt offering gets to keep the skin from what he has offered for himself. In the same way, any grain offering that is oven-baked or cooked in a pan or griddle belongs to the priest who offered it. 10 Any other grain offering—whether it is dry or mixed with oil—is to be shared equally among Aaron’s sons after the ritual is completed.

There are three kinds of peace offerings described: (a) thanksgiving, expressing gratitude for God’s favor; (b) votive, fulfilling a promise made to God; (c) freewill, made out of appreciation but not obligation.

Eternal One (to Moses): 11 Here are the instructions for the various kinds of the peace offerings that one may offer to Me. 12 If someone offers a sacrifice out of thanksgiving, then in addition to the sacrifice he must offer loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil, unleavened wafers topped with oil, and loaves of the finest flour mixed with oil. 13 Along with the peace offerings for thanksgiving, a person must include loaves of leavened bread. 14 He must present one of each kind of bread as a gift to Me; it will belong to the priest who officiates the sacrifice and splatters the blood of the peace offerings against the sides of the altar.

15 The meat of the sacrifice for the thanksgiving peace offering must be eaten on the day it is offered. None of it is to be left over for the next day. 16 If the sacrifice for a peace offering accompanies a vow or comes simply as an act of free will, it is to be eaten on the day it is offered; but if any remains on the next day, it may still be eaten. 17 But all the meat from the sacrifice left over on the third day is to be burned completely so that none is left. 18 If any of the leftover meat from the peace offering is eaten on the third day, then the person who offered it will not be accepted and will receive no benefit from the sacrifice. By then it has become foul, and the person who eats from it will bear his guilt and suffer the consequences.

19 Do not eat meat that comes in contact with any impure thing. Burn it up completely. As for any remaining meat that is pure, people who are ritually clean may eat it. 20 Any person who eats meat from the sacrifice of My peace offering during a time when he is impure must be cut off from his people. 21 Also a person who comes into contact with something impure—whether it pertains to human or animal impurity or some totally detestable creatures—and then eats some of the meat from the sacrifice of My peace offerings must be cut off from his people.

As hard as it may be for us to understand, being “cut off from your people” is another way of saying “death penalty.” God is tough on disobedience because sin and impurity is a contagion that can ruin and ultimately destroy His people. To deal with these matters decisively requires decisive action. Like a deadly disease, sin has to be quarantined.

22 The Eternal One continued to Moses.

Eternal One: 23 Go, talk with the Israelites, and tell them not to eat any fat from an ox, sheep, or goat. 24 If an animal dies a natural death or is killed by another animal, then you are allowed to make use of its fat, but under no condition are you allowed to eat any of it. 25 Whoever eats animal fat from a fire-offering to Me must be cut off from his people. 26 Be sure not to consume any animal or bird blood regardless of where you live. 27 Anyone who consumes animal or bird blood must be cut off from his people.

28 The Eternal One continued speaking to Moses.

Eternal One: 29 Go, talk with the Israelites, and tell them that anyone who offers a peace offering to Me must bring it from the sacrifice of his peace offerings. 30 He is to present the fire-offerings to Me with his own hands. Bring the fat along with the breast so that the breast can be lifted up as a wave offering to Me. 31 The officiating priest is to offer the fat as smoke on the altar, but the breast will belong to Aaron and his sons. 32 The right thigh from the sacrifice of your peace offerings is to go to the priest as your contribution to his service. 33 The right thigh will be the portion set aside for the son of Aaron who officiates at the sacrifice and presents the fat and blood of the peace offerings. 34 For I, the Eternal One, have taken the breast from the wave offering and the thigh as a gift from the sacrifices brought by the people of Israel as peace offerings, and I have handed them over to Aaron the priest and his sons. This is for all time their rightful portion of the offering from the people of Israel. 35 From the first day they are brought forward as priests in My service, this is the portion set aside for Aaron and his sons taken from the fire-offerings presented to Me. 36 From the day when I anointed and consecrated them as priests, I directed this gift be made to them by the people of Israel. This is their rightful portion for all time and throughout all generations.

The wave offering is a particularly solemn moment in the ceremony when the priest lifts and waves the sacrifice before God. Afterward, the portions waved became property of the priests.

37 These are the instructions for the burnt offering, grain offering, purification offering for sin, guilt offering, ordination offering, and peace offering. 38 The Eternal gave these instructions to Moses on Mount Sinai the same day He told the Israelites to bring their offerings to Him in the desert.

The Law of the Trespass Offering

‘Likewise (A)this is the law of the trespass offering (it is most holy): In the place where they kill the burnt offering they shall kill the trespass offering. And its blood he shall sprinkle all around on the altar. And he shall offer from it all its fat. The fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them by the flanks, and the fatty lobe attached to the liver above the kidneys, he shall remove; and the priest shall burn them on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord. It is a trespass offering. (B)Every male among the priests may eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. (C)It is most holy. (D)The trespass offering is like the sin offering; there is one law for them both: the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it. And the priest who offers anyone’s burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered. Also (E)every grain offering that is baked in the oven and all that is prepared in the covered pan, or [a]in a pan, shall be the priest’s who offers it. 10 Every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.

The Law of Peace Offerings

11 (F)‘This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings which he shall offer to the Lord: 12 If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer, with the sacrifice of thanksgiving, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers (G)anointed with oil, or cakes of blended flour mixed with oil. 13 Besides the cakes, as his offering he shall offer (H)leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offering. 14 And from it he shall offer one cake from each offering as a heave offering to the Lord. (I)It shall belong to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering.

15 (J)‘The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day it is offered. He shall not leave any of it until morning. 16 But (K)if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offers his sacrifice; but on the next day the remainder of it also may be eaten; 17 the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day must be burned with fire. 18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be (L)imputed to him; it shall be an (M)abomination to him who offers it, and the person who eats of it shall bear [b]guilt.

19 ‘The flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire. And as for the clean flesh, all who are [c]clean may eat of it. 20 But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the (N)Lord, (O)while he is unclean, that person (P)shall be cut off from his people. 21 Moreover the person who touches any unclean thing, such as (Q)human uncleanness, an (R)unclean animal, or any (S)abominable[d] unclean thing, and who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace offering that belongs to the Lord, that person (T)shall be cut off from his people.’ ”

Fat and Blood May Not Be Eaten

22 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 23 “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: (U)‘You shall not eat any fat, of ox or sheep or goat. 24 And the fat of an animal that dies naturally, and the fat of what is torn by wild beasts, may be used in any other way; but you shall by no means eat it. 25 For whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire to the Lord, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people. 26 (V)Moreover you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, whether of bird or beast. 27 Whoever eats any blood, that person shall be cut off from his people.’ ”

The Portion of Aaron and His Sons

28 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 29 “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: (W)‘He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offering to the Lord shall bring his offering to the Lord from the sacrifice of his peace offering. 30 (X)His own hands shall bring the offerings made by fire to the Lord. The fat with the breast he shall bring, that the (Y)breast may be waved as a wave offering before the Lord. 31 (Z)And the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the (AA)breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’. 32 (AB)Also the right thigh you shall give to the priest as a heave offering from the sacrifices of your peace offerings. 33 He among the sons of Aaron, who offers the blood of the peace offering and the fat, shall have the right thigh for his part. 34 For (AC)the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the heave offering I have taken from the children of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons from the children of Israel by a statute forever.’ ”

35 This is the consecrated portion for Aaron and his sons, from the offerings made by fire to the Lord, on the day when Moses presented them to [e]minister to the Lord as priests. 36 The Lord commanded this to be given to them by the children of Israel, (AD)on the day that He anointed them, by a statute forever throughout their generations.

37 This is the law (AE)of the burnt offering, (AF)the grain offering, (AG)the sin offering, (AH)the trespass offering, (AI)the consecrations, and (AJ)the sacrifice of the peace offering, 38 which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day when He commanded the children of Israel (AK)to offer their offerings to the Lord in the Wilderness of Sinai.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 7:9 on a griddle
  2. Leviticus 7:18 his iniquity
  3. Leviticus 7:19 pure
  4. Leviticus 7:21 So with MT, LXX, Vg.; Sam., Syr., Tg. swarming thing (cf. 5:2)
  5. Leviticus 7:35 serve