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Sacrifici per i vari casi di colpevolezza

(A)«“Una persona pecca se, udite le parole di giuramento, quale testimone non dichiara ciò che ha visto o ciò che sa. Porterà la propria colpa. Quando uno, anche senza saperlo, avrà toccato qualcosa di impuro, come il cadavere di una bestia selvatica impura, di un animale domestico impuro o di un rettile impuro, rimarrà egli stesso impuro e colpevole. Quando uno, anche senza saperlo, avrà toccato un’impurità umana, qualunque di quelle impurità che rendono l’uomo impuro, appena viene a saperlo, diventa colpevole. Quando uno giura con le labbra, parlando senza riflettere, di fare qualcosa di male o di bene, proferendo con leggerezza uno di quei giuramenti che gli uomini sono soliti pronunciare, quando viene a saperlo, è colpevole delle sue azioni.

Quando uno dunque si sarà reso colpevole di una di queste cose, confesserà il peccato che ha commesso; porterà al Signore il sacrificio per la colpa, per il peccato che ha commesso. Porterà una femmina del gregge, una pecora o una capra, come sacrificio espiatorio e il sacerdote farà per lui l’espiazione del suo peccato.

Se non ha mezzi per procurarsi una pecora, porterà al Signore, come sacrificio per la colpa, per il peccato che ha commesso, due tortore o due giovani piccioni: uno come sacrificio espiatorio, l’altro come olocausto. Li porterà al sacerdote, il quale offrirà prima il sacrificio espiatorio, tagliandogli la testa vicino alla nuca, ma senza staccarla del tutto; poi spargerà del sangue del sacrificio espiatorio sopra uno dei lati dell’altare e il resto del sangue sarà fatto colare ai piedi dell’altare. Questo è un sacrificio espiatorio. 10 Dell’altro uccello farà un olocausto, secondo le norme stabilite. Così il sacerdote farà per quel tale l’espiazione del peccato che ha commesso e gli sarà perdonato.

11 Ma se non ha mezzi per procurarsi due tortore o due giovani piccioni, porterà, come sua offerta per il peccato che ha commesso, la decima parte di un efa di fior di farina, come sacrificio espiatorio, senza mettervi sopra né olio né incenso, perché è un sacrificio espiatorio. 12 Porterà la farina al sacerdote; il sacerdote ne prenderà una manciata piena come ricordo e la farà fumare sull’altare sopra i sacrifici consumati dal fuoco per il Signore. È un sacrificio espiatorio. 13 Così il sacerdote farà per quel tale l’espiazione del peccato, che quello ha commesso in uno di quei casi, e gli sarà perdonato. Il resto della farina sarà per il sacerdote, come si fa nell’oblazione”».

14 (B)Il Signore parlò ancora a Mosè e disse:

15 «Quando qualcuno commetterà un’infedeltà e peccherà involontariamente riguardo a ciò che dev’essere consacrato al Signore, porterà al Signore, come sacrificio per la colpa, un montone senza difetto, preso dal gregge, in base alla tua valutazione in sicli d’argento secondo il siclo del santuario, come sacrificio per la colpa. 16 Risarcirà il danno fatto al santuario, aggiungendovi un quinto in più, e lo darà al sacerdote. Il sacerdote farà per lui l’espiazione con il montone offerto come sacrificio per la colpa e gli sarà perdonato.

17 Quando uno peccherà facendo, senza saperlo, qualcuna delle cose che il Signore ha vietato di fare, sarà colpevole e porterà la pena della sua iniquità. 18 Presenterà al sacerdote, come sacrificio per la colpa, un montone senza difetto, scelto dal gregge, in base alla tua valutazione. Il sacerdote farà per lui l’espiazione dell’errore commesso per ignoranza e gli sarà perdonato. 19 Questo è un sacrificio per la colpa; quel tale si è realmente reso colpevole verso il Signore».

20 Il Signore parlò a Mosè e disse:

21 «Quando uno peccherà e commetterà un’infedeltà verso il Signore, negando al suo prossimo un deposito da lui ricevuto, o un pegno messo nelle sue mani, o una cosa che ha rubato o estorto con frode al prossimo, 22 o una cosa smarrita che ha trovata, e mentendo a questo proposito e giurando il falso circa una delle cose nelle quali l’uomo può peccare, 23 quando avrà così peccato e si sarà reso colpevole, restituirà la cosa rubata o estorta con frode, o il deposito che gli era stato affidato, o l’oggetto smarrito che ha trovato, 24 o qualunque cosa circa la quale abbia giurato il falso. Farà la restituzione per intero e vi aggiungerà un quinto in più, consegnando ciò al proprietario il giorno stesso in cui offrirà il suo sacrificio per la colpa. 25 Porterà al sacerdote il suo sacrificio per la colpa offerto al Signore: un montone senza difetto, scelto dal gregge in base alla tua valutazione, come sacrificio per la colpa. 26 Il sacerdote farà l’espiazione per lui davanti al Signore, e gli sarà perdonato qualunque sia la cosa di cui si è reso colpevole».

'Levitico 5 ' not found for the version: La Bibbia della Gioia.

“‘If anyone sins because they do not speak up when they hear a public charge to testify(A) regarding something they have seen or learned about, they will be held responsible.(B)

“‘If anyone becomes aware that they are guilty—if they unwittingly touch anything ceremonially unclean (whether the carcass of an unclean animal, wild or domestic, or of any unclean creature that moves along the ground)(C) and they are unaware that they have become unclean,(D) but then they come to realize their guilt; or if they touch human uncleanness(E) (anything that would make them unclean)(F) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realize their guilt; or if anyone thoughtlessly takes an oath(G) to do anything, whether good or evil(H) (in any matter one might carelessly swear about) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realize their guilt— when anyone becomes aware that they are guilty in any of these matters, they must confess(I) in what way they have sinned. As a penalty for the sin they have committed, they must bring to the Lord a female lamb or goat(J) from the flock as a sin offering[a];(K) and the priest shall make atonement(L) for them for their sin.

“‘Anyone who cannot afford(M) a lamb(N) is to bring two doves or two young pigeons(O) to the Lord as a penalty for their sin—one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. They are to bring them to the priest, who shall first offer the one for the sin offering. He is to wring its head from its neck,(P) not dividing it completely,(Q) and is to splash(R) some of the blood of the sin offering against the side of the altar;(S) the rest of the blood must be drained out at the base of the altar.(T) It is a sin offering. 10 The priest shall then offer the other as a burnt offering in the prescribed way(U) and make atonement(V) for them for the sin they have committed, and they will be forgiven.(W)

11 “‘If, however, they cannot afford(X) two doves or two young pigeons,(Y) they are to bring as an offering for their sin a tenth of an ephah[b](Z) of the finest flour(AA) for a sin offering. They must not put olive oil or incense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12 They are to bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful of it as a memorial[c] portion(AB) and burn it on the altar(AC) on top of the food offerings presented to the Lord. It is a sin offering. 13 In this way the priest will make atonement(AD) for them for any of these sins they have committed, and they will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong to the priest,(AE) as in the case of the grain offering.(AF)’”

The Guilt Offering

14 The Lord said to Moses: 15 “When anyone is unfaithful to the Lord by sinning unintentionally(AG) in regard to any of the Lord’s holy things, they are to bring to the Lord as a penalty(AH) a ram(AI) from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel.[d](AJ) It is a guilt offering.(AK) 16 They must make restitution(AL) for what they have failed to do in regard to the holy things, pay an additional penalty of a fifth of its value(AM) and give it all to the priest. The priest will make atonement for them with the ram as a guilt offering, and they will be forgiven.

17 “If anyone sins and does what is forbidden in any of the Lord’s commands, even though they do not know it,(AN) they are guilty and will be held responsible.(AO) 18 They are to bring to the priest as a guilt offering(AP) a ram from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value. In this way the priest will make atonement for them for the wrong they have committed unintentionally, and they will be forgiven.(AQ) 19 It is a guilt offering; they have been guilty of[e] wrongdoing against the Lord.”(AR)

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 5:6 Or purification offering; here and throughout this chapter
  2. Leviticus 5:11 That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms
  3. Leviticus 5:12 Or representative
  4. Leviticus 5:15 That is, about 2/5 ounce or about 12 grams
  5. Leviticus 5:19 Or offering; atonement has been made for their

Special Types of Accidental Sins

“‘If a person ·is ordered to tell in court [L hears a public oath and he has been a witness of] what he has seen or what he knows and he does not ·tell the court [L make it known], he is guilty of sin.

“‘Or someone might touch something unclean, such as the dead body of an unclean wild animal or an unclean farm animal or an unclean crawling animal [11:24–28, 32–40]. Even if he does not know that he touched it, he will still be unclean and guilty of sin.

“‘Someone might touch human uncleanness—anything that makes someone unclean—and not know it. But when he learns about it, he will be guilty.

“‘Or someone might make a promise before the Lord ·without thinking [rashly]. It might be a [rash] promise to do something bad or something good; it might be about anything. Even if he forgets about it, when he remembers, he will be guilty [Deut. 23:22–23; Eccl. 5:4].

“‘When anyone is guilty of any of these things, he must ·tell how he sinned [L confess his sin]. He must bring an offering to the Lord as a penalty for sin; it must be a female lamb or goat from the flock. The priest will ·perform the acts to remove that person’s sin so he will belong to the Lord [L make atonement for his sin].

“‘But if the person cannot afford a lamb, he must bring two ·doves [turtledoves] or two young pigeons to the Lord as the penalty for his sin. One bird must be for a ·sin [or purification] offering [4:3], and the other must be for a whole burnt offering [1:1–17]. He must bring them to the priest, who will first offer the one for the ·sin [or purification] offering [4:3]. He will ·pull [wring] the bird’s head from its neck, but he will not ·pull it completely off [sever it]. He must ·sprinkle [dash] the blood from the ·sin [purification] offering [4:3] on the side of the altar, and then he must pour the rest of the blood at the ·bottom [base; foundation] of the altar; it is a ·sin [or purification] offering [4:3]. 10 Then the priest must offer the second bird as a whole burnt offering, as the ·law [regulation] says [1:14–17]. In this way the priest ·will remove the person’s sin so he will belong to the Lord, and the Lord will forgive him [L makes atonement for him and he is forgiven].

11 “‘If the person cannot afford two ·doves [turtledoves] or two pigeons, he must bring about ·two quarts of [L one-tenth of an ephah of] ·fine [choice] flour as an ·offering for sin [purification offering; 4:3]. He must not put oil or ·incense [frankincense] on the flour, because it is a ·sin [or purification] offering. 12 He must bring the flour to the priest. The priest will take a handful of the flour as a memorial offering and burn it on the altar on top of the offerings made by fire to the Lord; it is a ·sin [or purification] offering [4:3]. 13 In this way the priest ·will remove the person’s sins so he will belong to the Lord, and the Lord will forgive him [L makes atonement for him and he will be forgiven]. What is left of the sin offering belongs to the priest, like the ·grain [L gift; tribute] offering [2:10].’”

The Penalty Offering

14 The Lord said to Moses, 15 “If a person ·accidentally [inadvertently; unintentionally; 4:2] sins and ·does something against [is unfaithful/disloyal toward] the holy things of the Lord, he must bring from the flock a male sheep ·that has nothing wrong with it [unblemished]. This will be his ·penalty [guilt; reparation] offering to the Lord. Its value in silver must be correct as set by the Holy Place measure. It is a ·penalty [guilt; reparation] offering. 16 That person must pay for the sin he did against the holy thing, adding one-fifth to its value. Then he must give it all to the priest. In this way the priest will ·remove the person’s sin so he will belong to the Lord [make atonement for him], by using the male sheep as the ·penalty [guilt; reparation] offering. And ·the Lord will forgive the person [L he will be forgiven].

17 “If a person sins and does something the Lord has commanded not to be done, even if he does not know it, he is still guilty. He is responsible for his sin. 18 He must bring the priest a male sheep from the flock, one that ·has nothing wrong with it [is unblemished] and that is worth the correct amount. It will be a ·penalty [guilt; reparation] offering. Though the person sinned without knowing it, with this offering the priest will ·remove the sin so the person will belong to the Lord, and the Lord will forgive him [make atonement for him and he will be forgiven]. 19 The person is guilty of doing wrong, so he must give the ·penalty [guilt; reparation] offering to the Lord.”