Lamentations 2:12
New English Translation
ל (Lamed)
12 Children[a] say to their mothers,[b]
“Where are food and drink?”[c]
They faint[d] like a wounded warrior
in the city squares.
They die slowly[e]
in their mothers’ arms.[f]
Footnotes
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “they”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “to their mother,” understood as a collective singular.
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “Where is bread and wine?” The terms “bread” and “wine” are synecdoches of specific (= bread, wine) for general (= food, drink).
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “as they faint,” or “when they faint.”
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “as their life is poured out.” The term בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ (behishtappekh), Hitpael infinitive construct + the preposition בּ (bet), from שָׁפַךְ (shafakh, “to pour out”), may be rendered “as they expire” (BDB 1050 s.v. שָׁפַךְ), referring to the process of dying. Note the repetition of the word “pour out” with various direct objects in this poem at 2:4, 11, 12, and 19.
- Lamentations 2:12 tn Heb “chest, lap.”
Lamentations 2:21
New English Translation
ש (Sin/Shin)
21 The young boys and old men
lie dead on the ground in the streets.
My young women[a] and my young men
have fallen by the sword.
You killed them when you were angry;[b]
you slaughtered them without mercy.[c]
Footnotes
- Lamentations 2:21 tn Heb “virgins.” The term “virgin” probably functions as a metonymy of association for single young women.
- Lamentations 2:21 tn Heb “in the day of your anger.” The construction בָּיוֹם (bayom, “in the day of…”) is a common Hebrew idiom, meaning “when…” (e.g., Gen 2:4; Lev 7:35; Num 3:1; Deut 4:15; 2 Sam 22:1; Pss 18:1; 138:3; Zech 8:9). This temporal idiom refers to a general time period but uses the term “day” as a forceful rhetorical device to emphasize the vividness and drama of the event, depicting it as occurring within a single day. In the ancient Near East, military-minded kings often referred to a successful campaign as “the day of X” in order to portray themselves as powerful conquerors who, as it were, could inaugurate and complete a victorious military campaign within the span of one day.
- Lamentations 2:21 tc The MT reads לֹא חָמָלְתָּ (loʾ khamalta, “You showed no mercy”). However, many medieval Hebrew mss and most of the ancient versions (Aramaic Targum, Syriac Peshitta and Latin Vulgate) read וְלֹא חָמָלְתָּ (veloʾ khamalta, “and You showed no mercy”).
Lamentations 4:7
New English Translation
ז (Zayin)
7 Our consecrated ones[a] were brighter than snow,
whiter than milk;
their bodies more ruddy than corals,
their hair[b] like lapis lazuli.[c]
Footnotes
- Lamentations 4:7 tn Heb “Nazirites” (so KJV). The Nazirites were consecrated under a vow to refrain from wine, contact with the dead, and cutting their hair. In Gen 49:26 and Deut 33:16, Joseph, who was not a Nazirite, is called the “Nazir” of his brothers. From context, many translate this as “prince” (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), though the nuance is uncertain. If it is valid, then princes might be understood in this context as well.
- Lamentations 4:7 tn The noun גִּזְרָה (gizrah) is used primarily in Ezekiel 41-42 (7 of its 9 uses), where it refers to a separated area of the temple complex described in Ezekiel’s vision. It is not used of people other than here. Probably based on the reference to a precious stone, BDB 160 s.v. 1 postulated that it refers to the cutting or polishing of precious stones, but this is conjecture. The English versions handle this variously. D. R. Hillers suggests beards, hair, or eyebrows, relying on other ancient Near Eastern comparisons between lapis lazuli and the body (Lamentations [AB], 81).
- Lamentations 4:7 sn Lapis lazuli is a dark-blue semiprecious stone.
Lamentations 4:8
New English Translation
ח (Khet)
8 Now their appearance[a] is darker than soot;
they are not recognized in the streets.
Their skin has shriveled on their bones;
it is dried up, like tree bark.
Footnotes
- Lamentations 4:8 tn Heb “their outline” or “their form.” The Hebrew noun תֹּאַר (toʾar, “outline, form”) is related to the Phoenician noun תֹּאַר (toʾar, “something gazed at”) and the Aramaic verb תָּאַר (taʾar, “to gaze at”). It is used in reference to the forms of a woman (Gen 29:17; Deut 21:11; 1 Sam 25:3; Esth 2:7) and a man (Gen 39:11; Judg 8:18; 1 Sam 16:18; 28:14; 1 Kgs 1:6; 1 Chr 17:17; Isa 52:14; 53:2). Here it occurs in a metonymical sense: “appearance.”
Lamentations 5:10
New English Translation
10 Our skin is as hot as an oven
due to a fever from hunger.[a]
Footnotes
- Lamentations 5:10 tn Heb “because of the burning heat of famine.”
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