Lois sur les sacrifices et les offrandes

L’Eternel appela Moïse et lui dit depuis la tente de la Rencontre : Parle aux Israélites en ces termes :

Les holocaustes

Lorsque l’un d’entre vous offrira un animal en sacrifice à l’Eternel, il apportera un animal pris parmi le gros ou le petit bétail.

Si c’est du gros bétail[a] qu’on offre en holocauste[b], on apportera un mâle sans défaut et on l’offrira à l’entrée de la tente de la Rencontre afin qu’il soit agréé par l’Eternel. Celui qui l’offre posera sa main sur la tête de l’animal[c] et celui-ci sera accepté comme victime expiatoire pour lui. Il égorgera le jeune taureau devant l’Eternel, et les descendants d’Aaron, les prêtres, en présenteront le sang[d]. Ils en aspergeront tous les côtés de l’autel qui se trouve à l’entrée de la tente de la Rencontre. Après lui avoir enlevé la peau, on découpera la victime en quartiers. Puis les descendants du prêtre Aaron allumeront le feu sur l’autel et empileront des bûches sur le feu. Ensuite, les prêtres disposeront les quartiers de viande, la tête et les parties grasses sur le bois du foyer qui est sur l’autel. On lavera à l’eau les entrailles et les pattes, puis le prêtre brûlera le tout sur l’autel. C’est un holocauste, un sacrifice consumé par le feu, à l’odeur apaisante pour l’Eternel[e].

10 Si c’est du petit bétail qu’on offre en holocauste, on présentera un agneau ou un chevreau mâle sans défaut. 11 On l’égorgera devant l’Eternel, du côté nord de l’autel, et les prêtres, descendants d’Aaron, aspergeront de son sang tous les côtés de l’autel. 12 On découpera la victime en quartiers, et le prêtre les disposera avec la tête et les parties grasses sur le bois du foyer qui est sur l’autel. 13 On lavera à l’eau les entrailles et les pattes, et le prêtre offrira le tout et le brûlera sur l’autel. C’est un holocauste, un sacrifice consumé par le feu, à l’odeur apaisante pour l’Eternel.

14 Si ce sont des oiseaux qu’on offre comme holocauste à l’Eternel, on apportera des tourterelles ou des pigeonneaux. 15 Le prêtre présentera la victime devant l’autel, lui détachera la tête qu’il brûlera sur l’autel ; il fera couler le sang contre la paroi de l’autel. 16 Il enlèvera le jabot avec son contenu et le jettera près de l’autel, du côté est, dans le dépôt des cendres. 17 Il ouvrira l’oiseau entre les ailes sans les détacher. Ensuite il le brûlera sur le bois qui est sur le foyer. C’est un holocauste, un sacrifice consumé par le feu, à l’odeur apaisante pour l’Eternel.

Footnotes

  1. 1.3 Trois sortes de victimes pouvaient être offertes en holocauste suivant la fortune de l’offrant : les taureaux pour les riches (v. 3), les moutons ou les chevreaux (v. 10) et les oiseaux (v. 14) pour les pauvres (Lv 5.7 ; 12.8 ; Lc 2.24).
  2. 1.3 Le mot holocauste rend un mot hébreu de sens inconnu et dérive d’un terme grec signifiant : « entièrement consumé ». En effet, la victime de ce sacrifice était presque entièrement brûlée. Voir Ex 29.39-42 ; Nb 28.9-10, 26-31.
  3. 1.4 L’imposition des mains représente l’identification avec l’animal qui, par ce geste, devient le substitut de l’offrant (voir 24.14 ; 16.21).
  4. 1.5 Voir Gn 9.4 ; Lv 17.10-15 ; Dt 12.16.
  5. 1.9 Autre traduction (ici comme dans tout l’Ancien Testament) : au parfum de bonne odeur pour l’Eternel.

Laws for Burnt Offerings

Then[a] Yahweh called to Moses and spoke to him from the tent of assembly, saying, “Speak to the Israelites,[b] and say to them, ‘When a person[c] from you presents an offering to Yahweh, you shall present your offering from domestic animals, from the cattle[d] or from the flock.[e] If his offering is a burnt offering from the cattle,[f] then he must present[g] an unblemished male; he must present it at the door of the tent of assembly for his acceptance before[h] Yahweh.

“‘He[i] must lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering and it will be accepted[j] for him in order to make atonement for him. He[k] must slaughter the young bull[l] before[m] Yahweh, then[n] Aaron’s sons, the priests, will present the blood and sprinkle the blood all around the altar that is at the door of the tent of assembly. Then[o] he must remove the skin of the burnt offering and cut it into its pieces. The sons of[p] Aaron the priest will put fire on the altar and arrange the wood on the fire. Then[q] Aaron’s sons, the priests, will arrange the pieces of meat,[r] the head, and the suet on the wood that is on the fire that is on the altar. Then[s] he must wash its inner parts[t] and its lower leg bones with water, and the priest will turn into smoke the whole animal on the altar as a burnt offering by fire, as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh.

10 “‘But if his offering is from the flock,[u] from the sheep or from the goats for a burnt offering, he must present[v] an unblemished[w] male. 11 He[x] must slaughter it on the north side of the altar before[y] Yahweh; then[z] Aaron’s sons, the priests, will sprinkle its blood all around the altar. 12 Then[aa] he must cut it into pieces along with its head and its suet; and the priest will arrange them on the wood that is on the fire that is on the altar. 13 Then[ab] he must wash the inner parts[ac] and the lower leg bones with water and the priest shall present the whole animal and will turn it[ad] into smoke on the altar; it is a burnt offering by fire as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh.

14 “‘But if his offering for Yahweh is a burnt offering from the birds, then he must present his offering from the turtledoves or from the young doves.[ae] 15 The priest[af] will present it at the altar and must wring off its head and turn it into smoke on the altar, and its blood will be drained out on the wall[ag] of the altar. 16 He[ah] must remove its crop with its plumage and throw it to the east beside the altar on the place of the fatty ashes. 17 Then[ai] he must tear it apart by its wings but must not sever it; then[aj] the priest will turn it into smoke on the altar. It is a burnt offering by fire as an appeasing fragrance for Yahweh.’”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 1:1 Or “And”
  2. Leviticus 1:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  3. Leviticus 1:2 Or “man”—the singular noun is generic, thus the “you” and “your” in the remainder of the verse are all plural
  4. Leviticus 1:2 Or “herd”
  5. Leviticus 1:2 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  6. Leviticus 1:3 Or “herd”
  7. Leviticus 1:3 Hebrew “present it”
  8. Leviticus 1:3 Literally “to the face of”
  9. Leviticus 1:4 Or “And he”
  10. Leviticus 1:4 Same root word as “acceptance” in v. 3
  11. Leviticus 1:5 Or “And he”
  12. Leviticus 1:5 Literally “the son of the herd” or “the son of the cattle”
  13. Leviticus 1:5 Literally “to the face of”
  14. Leviticus 1:5 Or “and”
  15. Leviticus 1:6 Or “And”
  16. Leviticus 1:7 Or “And the sons of”
  17. Leviticus 1:8 Or “And”
  18. Leviticus 1:8 Verse 6 in the context uses the same word with reference to the meat
  19. Leviticus 1:9 Or “And”
  20. Leviticus 1:9 Or “entrails”
  21. Leviticus 1:10 The Hebrew term refers collectively to both sheep and goats (small livestock animals)
  22. Leviticus 1:10 Hebrew “present it”
  23. Leviticus 1:10 Same word as in v. 3
  24. Leviticus 1:11 Or “And he”
  25. Leviticus 1:11 Literally “to the face of”
  26. Leviticus 1:11 Or “and”
  27. Leviticus 1:12 Or “And”
  28. Leviticus 1:13 Or “And”
  29. Leviticus 1:13 Or “entrails”
  30. Leviticus 1:13 Understood direct object
  31. Leviticus 1:14 Literally “the sons of the dove”
  32. Leviticus 1:15 Or “And the priest”
  33. Leviticus 1:15 Or “side”
  34. Leviticus 1:16 Or “And he”
  35. Leviticus 1:17 Or “And”
  36. Leviticus 1:17 Or “and”

The Burnt Offering

The Lord called to Moses(A) and spoke to him from the tent of meeting.(B) He said, “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When anyone among you brings an offering to the Lord,(C) bring as your offering an animal from either the herd or the flock.(D)

“‘If the offering is a burnt offering(E) from the herd,(F) you are to offer a male without defect.(G) You must present it at the entrance to the tent(H) of meeting so that it will be acceptable(I) to the Lord. You are to lay your hand on the head(J) of the burnt offering,(K) and it will be accepted(L) on your behalf to make atonement(M) for you. You are to slaughter(N) the young bull(O) before the Lord, and then Aaron’s sons(P) the priests shall bring the blood and splash it against the sides of the altar(Q) at the entrance to the tent of meeting. You are to skin(R) the burnt offering and cut it into pieces.(S) The sons of Aaron the priest are to put fire on the altar and arrange wood(T) on the fire. Then Aaron’s sons the priests shall arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat,(U) on the wood(V) that is burning on the altar. You are to wash the internal organs and the legs with water,(W) and the priest is to burn all of it(X) on the altar.(Y) It is a burnt offering,(Z) a food offering,(AA) an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(AB)

10 “‘If the offering is a burnt offering from the flock, from either the sheep(AC) or the goats,(AD) you are to offer a male without defect. 11 You are to slaughter it at the north side of the altar(AE) before the Lord, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall splash its blood against the sides of the altar.(AF) 12 You are to cut it into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including the head and the fat,(AG) on the wood that is burning on the altar. 13 You are to wash the internal organs and the legs with water,(AH) and the priest is to bring all of them and burn them(AI) on the altar.(AJ) It is a burnt offering,(AK) a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.

14 “‘If the offering to the Lord is a burnt offering of birds, you are to offer a dove or a young pigeon.(AL) 15 The priest shall bring it to the altar, wring off the head(AM) and burn it on the altar; its blood shall be drained out on the side of the altar.(AN) 16 He is to remove the crop and the feathers[a] and throw them down east of the altar where the ashes(AO) are. 17 He shall tear it open by the wings, not dividing it completely,(AP) and then the priest shall burn it on the wood(AQ) that is burning on the altar. It is a burnt offering, a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 1:16 Or crop with its contents; the meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.