Kehillah in Corinth I 11
Orthodox Jewish Bible
11 Become imitators of me as I also am an imitator of Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach.
2 Now, I commend you that in all things you have remembered me and you hold fast to the masoret torat haShlichim just as I transmitted and handed them over to you.
3 But I want you to have da’as that Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach is the rosh (head) of every one of the Bnei Adam, and the rosh of an isha is the ben Adam (Man, Ba’al) [BERESHIS 3:16], and the rosh of Moshiach is Hashem. [BERESHIS 3:16]
4 Every ben Adam davening or speaking forth a nevu’ah (prophecy) having anything hanging down over his rosh brings bushah (shame) upon his rosh.
5 But every isha davening or speaking forth a nevu’ah (prophecy) in shul, begile rosh (with head uncovered), brings bushah (shame) upon her rosh, for it is one and the same thing to uncover the rosh as it is for the rosh of the isha having been shaved. [DEVARIM 21:12]
6 For, if an isha is not covered, also let her be shorn. But als (since) it is in fact a thing of bushah (shame) for an isha to be shorn or to be shaved, let her be covered.
7 For a ben Adam indeed ought not to be covered on the rosh, being the demut HASHEM (BERESHIS 1:26) and the kavod Hashem, and the Isha being the kavod (glory), the glorious reflection of Adam. [BERESHIS 1:26; 5:1; 9:6]
8 For Adam is not out of the Isha but Isha out of Adam (Man) [BERESHIS 2:21-23].
9 Indeed, Adam was not created because of the Isha, but the Isha because of Adam (Man) [BERESHIS 2:18].
10 Because of this, the Isha ought to have a kesut rosh (head covering) of marut (authority, discipline) on her rosh because of the malachim.
11 However, neither is Isha without Adam (Man) nor Adam (Man) without Isha in Hashem.
12 For just as the Isha comes out of Adam (Man) [BERESHIS 2:21-23], so also the ben Adam (Man) comes through the Isha [Gn 3:15-16] but all things are of Hashem [BERESHIS 1:1; TEHILLIM 24:1; 50:12; 89:11].
13 You yourselves be the dayan (judge): is it fitting for an isha to offer tefillos to Hashem [in shul] begile rosh (with head uncovered)?
14 Does not teva (nature) itself give you the shiur (lesson) that if a ben Adam wears a long hair-do of a lady’s coiffure, it is a dishonor to him?
15 But if an isha wears a long hairdo of a lady’s coiffure, it is her kavod (SHIR HASHIRIM 4:1)? Because the long hair has been given to her instead of the sterntichel (kerchief) or kesut rosh (head covering).
16 But if anyone presumes in his thinking to be contentious, we have no such minhag, nor do the kehillot of Hashem [throughout the world].
17 But in giving the divrei Torah that follows I give no commendation [11:2], because when you assemble as the shul of Moshiach, it is not for the better that you assemble, but for the worse.
18 Ershtins (first of all), indeed when you come together as the kehillah [SHEMOT 12:6] (I hear) there exist machlokot (divisions 1:10) and schisms among you, and partly I believe it.
19 For it is necessary also for kitot (sects) of minut (heresy), of kefirah (heresy, denial) to be among you that also the approved ones may become manifest among you [DEVARIM 13:3].
20 Therefore, your farbrengen gatherings in one kahal (community) are not for the purpose of having Moshiach’s Tish.
21 For each one rushes ahead with his own seudah (meal). One is hungerik (hungry), one has passed out in his schnapps.
22 Hey, you people, do you not have houses in which to eat and to drink? Or do you despise the Kehillah (congregation) of G-d? And do you bring bushah (shame), even humiliation, on the ones having nothing? What should I say to you? Will I commend you? In this I do not commend you people!
23 For I received from Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach Adoneinu that which also I transmitted and handed on to you, that Adoneinu Yehoshua, on the very lailah (night) in which he was betrayed, took the Pesach matzoh,
24 And, having made the HaMotzi, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach offered the betzi’at halechem (breaking of the bread) and said, "ZEH HU VESARI HANNIVTZA BA’ADCHEM; ZOT ASU L’ZIKRONI. ("This is my flesh, which is broken on your behalf. Do this in memory of me.")
25 In like manner, after eating the [Pesach] seudah, also [after the bracha over] the [Kiddush] Cup, Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach said, "This [Kiddush] Kos (Cup) is the BRIT CHADASHA [YIRMEYAH 31:31; 32:40] in my DAHM (blood SHEMOT 24:6-8; ZECHARYAH 9:11). This do, as often as you drink, in ZIKARON (remembrance YEHOSHUA 4:7) of me."
26 For as often as you eat this Pesach matzoh and drink from this Pesach Kiddush Cup, you do proclaim the mavet [YESHAYAH 53:8 9; DANIEL 9:26] of Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach Adoneinu until the Bias HaMoshiach.
27 Therefore, whoever eats the Pesach matzoh or drinks the Kiddush Cup of [Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach] Adoneinu unworthily will be guilty and answerable for the basar and the dahm of [Rebbe, Melech HaMoshiach] Adoneinu.
28 But let a ben Adam apply cheshbon hanefesh to himself and in that manner let him eat of the Pesach matzoh and let him drink of the Pesach Kiddush Cup.
29 For the one eating and drinking is the one eating and drinking mishpat to himself when not discerning the basar (body).
30 Because of this, many among you are weak and there are cholim (sick) and a number are sleeping the sleep of the mesim.
31 But if we were judging ourselves [in teshuva], we would not be brought into mishpat (judgment). [TEHILLIM 32:5]
32 But, being brought into mishpat (judgment) by Hashem, we are being disciplined, that we may not be condemned [to Onesh Gehinnom] with the Olam Hazeh. [TEHILLIM 115:5; 118:18; MISHLE 3:11,12]
33 Therefore, Achim b’Moshiach of mine, when you have your farbrengen gatherings and you gather for Tish, wait for one another.
34 If anyone is so hungerik (hungry 11:21) [that he cannot wait], in his home let him eat, lest for mishpat you have kehillah. And as far as the hemshech (remaining part) is concerned, whenever I come I will set b’seder (in order).
1 Corinthians 11
New English Translation
11 1 Be imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ.
Women’s Head Coverings
2 I praise you[a] because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions just as I passed them on to you. 3 But I want you to know that Christ is the head of every man, and the man is the head of a woman,[b] and God is the head of Christ. 4 Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered disgraces his head. 5 But any woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered disgraces her head, for it is one and the same thing as having a shaved head. 6 For if a woman will not cover her head, she should cut off her hair. But if it is disgraceful for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, she should cover her head. 7 For a man should not have his head covered, since he is the image and glory of God. But the woman is the glory of the man. 8 For man did not come from woman, but woman from man. 9 Neither was man created for the sake of woman, but woman for man. 10 For this reason a woman should have a symbol of authority[c] on her head, because of the angels.[d] 11 In any case, in the Lord woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman. 12 For just as woman came from man, so man comes through woman. But all things come from God. 13 Judge for yourselves: Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? 14 Does not nature[e] itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace for him, 15 but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? For her hair is given to her for a covering.[f] 16 If anyone intends to quarrel about this, we have no other practice, nor do the churches of God.
The Lord’s Supper
17 Now in giving the following instruction I do not praise you, because you come together not for the better but for the worse. 18 For in the first place, when you come together as a church I hear there are divisions among you, and in part I believe it. 19 For there must in fact be divisions among you, so that those of you who are approved may be evident.[g] 20 Now when you come together at the same place, you are not really eating the Lord’s Supper. 21 For when it is time to eat, everyone proceeds with his own supper. One is hungry and another becomes drunk. 22 Do you not have houses so that you can eat and drink? Or are you trying to show contempt for the church of God by shaming those who have nothing? What should I say to you? Should I praise you? I will not praise you for this!
23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 24 and after he had given thanks he broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 25 In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, every time you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26 For every time you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes.
27 For this reason, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 A person should examine himself first,[h] and in this way[i] let him eat the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For the one who eats and drinks without careful regard[j] for the body eats and drinks judgment against himself. 30 That is why many of you are weak and sick, and quite a few are dead.[k] 31 But if we examined ourselves, we would not be judged. 32 But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned with the world. 33 So then, my brothers and sisters,[l] when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that when you assemble it does not lead to judgment. I will give directions about other matters when I come.
Footnotes
- 1 Corinthians 11:2 tc The Western and Byzantine texts, as well as one or two Alexandrian mss (D F G Ψ 33 M latt sy), combine in reading ἀδελφοί (adelphoi, “brothers”) here, while the Alexandrian witnesses (P46 א A B C P 81 630 1175 1739 1881 2464 co) largely lack the address. The addition of ἀδελφοί is apparently a motivated reading, however, for scribes would have naturally wanted to add it to ἐπαινῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς (epainō de humas, “now I praise you”), especially as this begins a new section. On the other hand, it is difficult to explain how the shorter reading could have arisen from the longer one. Thus, on both internal and external grounds, the shorter reading is strongly preferred.
- 1 Corinthians 11:3 tn Or “the husband is the head of his wife.” The same Greek words translated “man” and “woman” can mean, as determined by context, “husband” and “wife” respectively. Such an approach is followed by NAB, TEV, NRSV, and NLT (with some variations).
- 1 Corinthians 11:10 sn Paul does not use a word specifying what type of “covering” is meant (veil, hat, etc.). The Greek word he uses here (ἐξουσία exousia; translated symbol of authority) could be (1) a figure of speech that may substitute the result (the right to participate in worship) for the appropriate appearance that makes it possible (the covered head). Or (2) it refers to the outward symbol (having the head covered) as representing the inward attitude the woman is to possess (deference to male leadership in the church).
- 1 Corinthians 11:10 sn Paul does not explain this reference to the angels, and its point is not entirely clear. It seems to reflect an awareness that angels are witnesses to church life (cf. Eph 3:10) and would be particularly sensitive to resistance against God’s created order.
- 1 Corinthians 11:14 sn Paul does not mean nature in the sense of “the natural world” or “Mother Nature.” It denotes “the way things are” because of God’s design.
- 1 Corinthians 11:15 sn No word for veil or head covering occurs in vv. 3-14 (see the note on authority in v. 10). That the hair is regarded by Paul as a covering in v. 15 is not necessarily an argument that the hair is the same as the head covering that he is describing in the earlier verses (esp. v. 10). Throughout this unit of material, Paul points out the similarities of long hair with a head covering. But his doing so seems to suggest that the two are not to be identified with each other. Precisely because they are similar they do not appear to be identical (cf. vv. 5, 6, 7, 10, 13). If head covering = long hair, then what does v. 6 mean (“For if a woman will not cover her head, she should cut off her hair”)? This suggests that the covering is not the same as the hair itself.
- 1 Corinthians 11:19 tn Grk “those approved may be evident among you.”
- 1 Corinthians 11:28 tn The word “first” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. It has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- 1 Corinthians 11:28 tn Grk “in this manner.”
- 1 Corinthians 11:29 tn The word more literally means, “judging between, recognizing, distinguishing.”
- 1 Corinthians 11:30 tn Grk “are asleep.” The verb κοιμάω (koimaō) literally means “sleep,” but it is often used in the Bible as a euphemism for the death of a believer.
- 1 Corinthians 11:33 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:10.
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