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Jueces 1
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Israel continúa su lucha contra los cananeos(A)

1 Después de la muerte de Josué, los israelitas preguntaron al Señor:

—¿Quién de nosotros será el primero en subir y pelear contra los cananeos?

2 El Señor respondió:

—Judá será el primero en subir, puesto que ya he entregado el país en sus manos.

3 Entonces los de la tribu de Judá dijeron a sus hermanos de la tribu de Simeón: «Suban con nosotros al territorio que nos ha tocado y pelearemos contra los cananeos; después nosotros iremos con ustedes al territorio que les tocó». Y los de la tribu de Simeón los acompañaron.

4 Cuando Judá atacó, el Señor entregó en sus manos a los cananeos y a los ferezeos. En Bézec derrotaron a diez mil hombres. 5 Allí se toparon con Adoní Bézec y pelearon contra él, y derrotaron a los cananeos y a los ferezeos. 6 Adoní Bézec logró escapar, pero lo persiguieron hasta que lo capturaron, y le cortaron los pulgares de las manos y los dedos gordos de los pies.

7 Entonces Adoní Bézec exclamó: «¡Setenta reyes, cortados los pulgares de las manos y los dedos gordos de los pies, recogían migajas debajo de mi mesa! ¡Ahora Dios me ha hecho lo mismo que yo hice con ellos!». Luego lo llevaron a Jerusalén y allí murió.

8 Los de la tribu de Judá también atacaron a Jerusalén; la capturaron, hirieron a sus habitantes a filo de espada y luego incendiaron la ciudad.

9 Después la tribu de Judá fue a pelear contra los cananeos que vivían en la región montañosa, en el Néguev y en la llanura. 10 Avanzaron contra los cananeos que vivían en Hebrón, ciudad que antes se llamaba Quiriat Arbá, y derrotaron a Sesay, Ajimán y Talmay.

11 De allí avanzaron para atacar a los habitantes de Debir, ciudad que antes se llamaba Quiriat Séfer.

12 Y Caleb dijo: «A quien derrote a Quiriat Séfer y la conquiste, yo le daré por esposa a mi hija Acsa». 13 Entonces Otoniel, hijo de Quenaz y hermano menor de Caleb, la conquistó; así que Caleb le dio por esposa a su hija Acsa.

14 Cuando ella llegó, convenció a Otoniel[a] de que pidiera un terreno a su padre. Al bajar Acsa del asno, Caleb preguntó:

—¿Qué te pasa?

15 —Concédeme un gran favor —respondió ella—. Ya que me has dado tierras en el Néguev, dame también manantiales.

Fue así como Caleb dio a su hija manantiales en las zonas altas y en las bajas.

16 Los descendientes de Hobab[b] el quenita, suegro de Moisés, acompañaron a la tribu de Judá desde la Ciudad de las Palmeras[c] hasta el desierto de Judá, que está en el Néguev, cerca de Arad. Allí habitaron con la gente del lugar.

17 Después fueron los de la tribu de Judá con sus hermanos de la tribu de Simeón y derrotaron a los cananeos que vivían en Sefat, ciudad que destruyeron por completo. Desde entonces Sefat fue llamada Jormá.[d] 18 Los hombres de Judá también conquistaron las ciudades de Gaza, Ascalón y Ecrón, cada una de ellas con su propio territorio.

19 El Señor estaba con los hombres de Judá. Estos tomaron posesión de la región montañosa, pero no pudieron expulsar a los que vivían en las llanuras, porque esa gente contaba con carros de hierro. 20 Tal como lo había prometido Moisés, Caleb recibió Hebrón y expulsó de esa ciudad a los tres hijos de Anac. 21 En cambio, los de la tribu de Benjamín no lograron expulsar a los jebuseos, que vivían en Jerusalén. Por eso hasta el día de hoy los jebuseos viven con los benjamitas en Jerusalén.

22 Los de la tribu de José, por su parte, subieron contra Betel, pues el Señor estaba con ellos. 23 Enviaron espías a Betel, ciudad que antes se llamaba Luz. 24 Estos espías, al ver que un hombre salía de la ciudad, le dijeron: «Muéstranos cómo entrar en la ciudad y seremos bondadosos contigo». 25 Aquel hombre les mostró cómo entrar en la ciudad y ellos la conquistaron a filo de espada; pero al hombre y a toda su familia les perdonaron la vida. 26 Y ese hombre se fue a la tierra de los hititas, donde fundó una ciudad a la que llamó Luz, nombre que conserva hasta el día de hoy.

27 Pero los de la tribu de Manasés no pudieron expulsar a los de Betseán y de Tanac con sus respectivas aldeas, ni tampoco a los habitantes de Dor, Ibleam y Meguido con sus respectivas aldeas, porque los cananeos estaban decididos a permanecer en esa tierra. 28 Solo cuando Israel se hizo fuerte pudo someter a los cananeos a trabajos forzados, aunque nunca pudo expulsarlos del todo. 29 Los de la tribu de Efraín tampoco pudieron expulsar a los cananeos que vivían en Guézer, de modo que los cananeos siguieron viviendo entre ellos. 30 Los de la tribu de Zabulón, por su parte, tampoco pudieron expulsar a los cananeos que vivían en Quitrón y Nalol, y estos siguieron viviendo entre ellos, aunque fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados. 31 Tampoco los de la tribu de Aser expulsaron a los habitantes de Aco, Sidón, Ajlab, Aczib, Jelba, Afec y Rejob. 32 Por eso, como no los expulsaron, el pueblo de la tribu de Aser vivió entre los cananeos que habitaban en aquella región. 33 Tampoco los de la tribu de Neftalí expulsaron a los habitantes de Bet Semes y Bet Anat, sino que vivieron entre los cananeos que habitaban en aquella región. Sin embargo, sometieron a trabajos forzados a los que vivían en Bet Semes y Bet Anat. 34 Los amorreos obligaron a los de la tribu de Dan a vivir en la región montañosa y no les permitieron bajar a la llanura. 35 Los amorreos también estaban decididos a permanecer en el monte Jeres, en Ayalón y en Salbín. Pero cuando se acrecentó el poder de la tribu de José, los amorreos también fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados. 36 La frontera de los amorreos iba desde la cuesta de los Escorpiones hasta Selá e incluso más arriba.

Footnotes

  1. 1:14 Otoniel la convenció (LXX y Vulgata); lo convenció (TM).
  2. 1:16 Hobab. Véase 4:11.
  3. 1:16 la Ciudad de las Palmeras. Es decir, Jericó.
  4. 1:17 En hebreo, Jormá significa destrucción.
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Judges 1
New English Translation

Judah Takes the Lead

1 After Joshua died, the Israelites asked[a] the Lord, “Who should lead the invasion against the Canaanites and launch the attack?”[b] 2 The Lord said, “The men of Judah should take the lead.[c] Be sure of this! I am handing the land over to them.”[d] 3 The men of Judah said to their relatives, the men of Simeon,[e] “Invade our allotted land with us and help us attack the Canaanites.[f] Then we[g] will go with you into your allotted land.” So the men of Simeon went with them.

4 The men of Judah attacked,[h] and the Lord handed the Canaanites and Perizzites over to them. They killed 10,000 men at Bezek. 5 They met[i] Adoni-Bezek at Bezek and fought him. They defeated the Canaanites and Perizzites. 6 When Adoni-Bezek ran away, they chased him and captured him. Then they cut off his thumbs and big toes. 7 Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings, with thumbs and big toes cut off, used to lick up[j] food scraps[k] under my table. God has repaid me for what I did to them.”[l] They brought him to Jerusalem, where he died. 8 The men of Judah attacked Jerusalem and captured it. They put the sword to it and set the city on fire.

9 Later the men of Judah went down to attack the Canaanites living in the hill country, the Negev,[m] and the foothills.[n] 10 The men of Judah attacked the Canaanites living in Hebron. (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba.) They killed Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. 11 From there they attacked the people of Debir.[o] (Debir used to be called Kiriath Sepher.) 12 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher I will give my daughter Achsah as a wife.” 13 When Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother,[p] captured it, Caleb[q] gave him his daughter Achsah as a wife.

14 One time Achsah[r] came and charmed her father[s] so she could ask him for some land. When she got down from her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What would you like?” 15 She answered, “Please give me a special present.[t] Since you have given me land in the Negev, now give me springs of water.” So Caleb gave her both the upper and lower springs.[u]

16 Now the descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the people of Judah from the city of date palm trees[v] to Arad in the wilderness of Judah,[w] located in the Negev.[x] They went and lived with the people of Judah.[y]

17 The men of Judah went with their brothers the men of Simeon[z] and defeated the Canaanites living in Zephath. They wiped out Zephath.[aa] So people now call the city Hormah.[ab] 18 The men of Judah captured Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron, and the territory surrounding each of these cities.[ac]

19 The Lord was with the men of Judah. They conquered[ad] the hill country, but they could not[ae] conquer the people living in the coastal plain, because they had chariots with iron-rimmed wheels.[af] 20 Caleb received[ag] Hebron, just as Moses had promised. He drove out the three Anakites. 21 The men of Benjamin, however, did not conquer the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. The Jebusites live with the people of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this very day.[ah]

Partial Success

22 When the men[ai] of Joseph attacked[aj] Bethel, the Lord was with them. 23 When the men of Joseph spied out Bethel (it used to be called Luz), 24 the spies spotted[ak] a man leaving the city. They said to him, “If you show us a secret entrance into the city, we will reward you.” 25 He showed them a secret entrance into the city, and they put the city to the sword. But they let the man and his extended family leave safely. 26 He[al] moved to Hittite country and built a city. He named it Luz, and it has kept that name to this very day.

27 The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shean, Taanach, or their surrounding towns. Nor did they conquer the people living in Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo or their surrounding towns.[am] The Canaanites managed[an] to remain in those areas.[ao] 28 Whenever Israel was strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them.

29 The men of Ephraim did not conquer the Canaanites living in Gezer. The Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.

30 The men of Zebulun did not conquer the people living in Kitron and Nahalol.[ap] The Canaanites lived among them and were forced to do hard labor.

31 The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco or Sidon, nor did they conquer Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob.[aq] 32 The people of Asher live among the Canaanites residing in the land because they did not conquer them.

33 The men of Naphtali did not conquer the people living in Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath.[ar] They live among the Canaanites residing in the land. The Canaanites[as] living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced to do hard labor for them.

34 The Amorites forced the people of Dan to live in the hill country. They did not allow them to live in[at] the coastal plain. 35 The Amorites managed[au] to remain in Har Heres,[av] Aijalon, and Shaalbim. Whenever the tribe of Joseph was strong militarily,[aw] the Amorites were forced to do hard labor. 36 The border of Amorite territory ran from the Scorpion Ascent[ax] to Sela and on up.[ay]

Footnotes

  1. Judges 1:1 tn The Hebrew verb translated “asked” (שָׁאַל, shaʾal) refers here to consulting the Lord through a prophetic oracle; cf. NAB “consulted.”
  2. Judges 1:1 tn Heb “Who should first go up for us against the Canaanites to attack them?”
  3. Judges 1:2 tn Heb “Judah should go up.”
  4. Judges 1:2 tn The Hebrew exclamation הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally, “Behold”), translated “Be sure of this,” draws attention to the following statement. The verb form in the following statement (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the Lord speaks of it as a “done deal.”
  5. Judges 1:3 tn Heb “Judah said to Simeon, his brother.”
  6. Judges 1:3 tn Heb “Come up with me into our allotted land and let us attack the Canaanites.”
  7. Judges 1:3 tn Heb “I.” The Hebrew pronoun is singular, agreeing with the collective singular “Judah” earlier in the verse. English style requires a plural pronoun here, however.
  8. Judges 1:4 tn Heb “Judah went up.”
  9. Judges 1:5 tn Or “found.”
  10. Judges 1:7 tn Elsewhere this verb usually carries the sense of “to gather; to pick up; to glean,” but “lick up” seems best here in light of the peculiar circumstances described by Adoni-Bezek.
  11. Judges 1:7 tn The words “food scraps” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
  12. Judges 1:7 tn Heb “Just as I did, so God has repaid me.” Note that the phrase “to them” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what is meant.
  13. Judges 1:9 sn The Negev is the area of central, southern Judah, south of the hill country and Beer Sheba and west of the rift valley.
  14. Judges 1:9 sn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the region between the Judean hill country and the Mediterranean coastal plain.
  15. Judges 1:11 tn Heb “they went from there against the inhabitants of Debir.” The LXX reads the verb as “they went up,” which suggests that the Hebrew text translated by the LXX read וַיַּעַל (vayyaʿal) rather than the MT’s וַיֵּלֶךְ (vayyelekh). It is possible that this is the text to be preferred in v. 11. Cf. Josh 15:15.
  16. Judges 1:13 tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel was Caleb’s nephew; so CEV).
  17. Judges 1:13 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Caleb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  18. Judges 1:14 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Achsah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  19. Judges 1:14 tn Heb “him.” The pronoun could refer to Othniel, in which case one would translate, “she incited him [Othniel] to ask her father for a field.” This is problematic, however, for Achsah, not Othniel, makes the request in v. 15. The LXX has “he [Othniel] urged her to ask her father for a field.” This appears to be an attempt to reconcile the apparent inconsistency and probably does not reflect the original text. If Caleb is understood as the referent of the pronoun, the problem disappears. For a fuller discussion of the issue, see P. G. Mosca, “Who Seduced Whom? A Note on Joshua 15:18 // Judges 1:14, ” CBQ 46 (1984): 18-22. The translation takes Caleb to be the referent, specified as “her father.”
  20. Judges 1:15 tn Elsewhere the Hebrew word בְרָכָה (verakhah) is often translated “blessing,” but here it refers to a gift (as in Gen 33:11; 1 Sam 25:27; 30:26; 2 Kgs 5:15).
  21. Judges 1:15 tn Some translations regard the expressions “springs of water” (גֻּלֹּת מָיִם, gullot mayim) and “springs” (גֻּלֹּת) as place names here (cf. NRSV).
  22. Judges 1:16 sn The city of date palm trees refers to Jericho. See Deut 34:3.
  23. Judges 1:16 tc Part of the Greek ms tradition lacks the words “of Judah.”
  24. Judges 1:16 tn Heb “[to] the wilderness of Judah in the Negev, Arad.”
  25. Judges 1:16 tn The phrase “of Judah” is supplied here in the translation. Some ancient textual witnesses read, “They went and lived with the Amalekites.” This reading, however, is probably influenced by 1 Sam 15:6 (see also Num 24:20-21).
  26. Judges 1:17 tn Heb “Judah went with Simeon, his brother.”
  27. Judges 1:17 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the city of Zephath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  28. Judges 1:17 sn The name Hormah (חָרְמָה, khormah) sounds like the Hebrew verb translated “wipe out” (חָרַם, kharam).
  29. Judges 1:18 tn Heb “The men of Judah captured Gaza and its surrounding territory, Ashkelon and its surrounding territory, and Ekron and its surrounding territory.”
  30. Judges 1:19 tn Or “seized possession of”; or “occupied.”
  31. Judges 1:19 tc Several textual witnesses support the inclusion of this verb.
  32. Judges 1:19 tn Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255, and the article by R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.
  33. Judges 1:20 tn Heb “they gave to Caleb.”
  34. Judges 1:21 sn The statement to this very day reflects the perspective of the author, who must have written prior to David’s conquest of the Jebusites (see 2 Sam 5:6-7).
  35. Judges 1:22 tn Heb “house.” This is a metonymy for the warriors from the tribe.
  36. Judges 1:22 tn Heb “went up.”
  37. Judges 1:24 tn Heb “saw.”
  38. Judges 1:26 tn Heb “the man.”
  39. Judges 1:27 tn Heb “The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shean and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, the people living in Dor and its surrounding towns, the people living in Ibleam and its surrounding towns, or the people living in Megiddo and its surrounding towns.”
  40. Judges 1:27 tn Or “were determined.”
  41. Judges 1:27 tn Heb “in this land.”
  42. Judges 1:30 tn Heb “the people living in Kitron and the people living in Nahalol.”
  43. Judges 1:31 tn Heb “The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco, the people living in Sidon, Ahlab, Acco, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob.”
  44. Judges 1:33 tn Heb “the people living in Beth Shemesh or the people living in Beth Anath.”
  45. Judges 1:33 tn The term “Canaanites” is supplied here both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
  46. Judges 1:34 tn Heb “come down into.”
  47. Judges 1:35 tn Or “were determined.”
  48. Judges 1:35 tn Or “Mount Heres”; the term הַר (har) means “mount” or “mountain” in Hebrew.
  49. Judges 1:35 tn Heb “Whenever the hand of the tribe of Joseph was heavy.”
  50. Judges 1:36 tn Or “the Ascent of Scorpions” (עַקְרַבִּים [ʿaqrabbim] means “scorpions” in Hebrew).
  51. Judges 1:36 tn Or “Amorite territory started at the Pass of the Scorpions at Sela and then went on up.”
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