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Deborah Summons Barak

The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight[a] after Ehud’s death. The Lord turned them over to[b] King Jabin of Canaan, who ruled in Hazor.[c] The general of his army was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth Haggoyim.[d] The Israelites cried out for help to the Lord, because Sisera[e] had 900 chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,[f] and he cruelly[g] oppressed the Israelites for twenty years.

Now Deborah, a prophetess,[h] wife of Lappidoth, was[i] leading[j] Israel at that time. She would sit[k] under the Date Palm Tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the Ephraimite hill country. The Israelites would come up to her to have their disputes settled.[l]

She summoned[m] Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali. She said to him, “Is it not true that the Lord God of Israel is commanding you? Go, march to Mount Tabor! Take with you 10,000 men from Naphtali and Zebulun. I will bring Sisera, the general of Jabin’s army, to you at the Kishon River, along with his chariots and huge army.[n] I will hand him over to you.” Barak said to her, “If you go with me, I will go. But if you do not go with me, I will not go.” She said, “I will indeed go with you. But you will not gain fame[o] on the expedition you are undertaking,[p] for the Lord will turn Sisera over to a woman.”[q] Deborah got up and went with Barak to Kedesh. 10 Barak summoned men from Zebulun and Naphtali to Kedesh, and 10,000 men followed him;[r] Deborah went up with him as well. 11 Now Heber the Kenite had moved away[s] from the Kenites, the descendants of Hobab, Moses’ father-in-law. He lived[t] near the great tree in Zaanannim near Kedesh.

12 When Sisera heard[u] that Barak son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor, 13 he[v] ordered[w] all his chariotry—900 chariots with iron-rimmed wheels—and all the troops he had with him to go from Harosheth Haggoyim to the Kishon River. 14 Deborah said to Barak, “Spring into action,[x] for this is the day the Lord is handing Sisera over to you![y] Has the Lord not taken the lead?”[z] So Barak went down from Mount Tabor with 10,000 men following him. 15 The Lord routed[aa] Sisera, all his chariotry, and all his army with the edge of the sword.[ab] Sisera jumped out of[ac] his chariot and ran away on foot. 16 Now Barak chased the chariots and the army all the way to Harosheth Haggoyim. Sisera’s whole army died[ad] by the edge of the sword; not even one survived![ae]

17 Now Sisera ran away on foot to the tent of Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite, for King Jabin of Hazor and the family of Heber the Kenite had made a peace treaty.[af] 18 Jael came out to welcome Sisera. She said to him, “Stop and rest,[ag] my lord. Stop and rest with me. Don’t be afraid.” So Sisera[ah] stopped to rest in her tent, and she put a blanket over him. 19 He said to her, “Give me a little water to drink, because I’m thirsty.” She opened a goatskin container of milk and gave him some milk to drink. Then she covered him up again. 20 He said to her, “Stand watch at the entrance to the tent. If anyone comes along and asks you, ‘Is there a man here?’ say, ‘No.’” 21 Then Jael wife of Heber took a tent peg in one hand and a hammer in the other.[ai] She crept up on him, drove the tent peg through his temple into the ground[aj] while he was asleep from exhaustion,[ak] and he died. 22 Now Barak was chasing Sisera. Jael went out to welcome him. She said to him, “Come here and I will show you the man you are searching for.” He went with her into the tent,[al] and there he saw Sisera sprawled out dead[am] with the tent peg through his temple.

23 That day God humiliated King Jabin of Canaan before the Israelites. 24 Israel’s power continued to overwhelm[an] King Jabin of Canaan until they did away with[ao] him.[ap]

Footnotes

  1. Judges 4:1 tn Heb “did evil in the eyes of the Lord.”
  2. Judges 4:2 tn Heb “the Lord sold them into the hands of.”
  3. Judges 4:2 tn Or “King Jabin of Hazor, a Canaanite ruler.”
  4. Judges 4:2 tn Or “Harosheth of the Pagan Nations”; cf. KJV “Harosheth of the Gentiles.” “Haroshet” may mean “Forest [area]” or be a reference to some sort of carving.
  5. Judges 4:3 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Sisera) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  6. Judges 4:3 tn Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255, and the article by R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.
  7. Judges 4:3 tn Heb “with strength.”
  8. Judges 4:4 tn Heb “ a woman, a prophetess.” In Hebrew idiom the generic “woman” sometimes precedes the more specific designation. See GKC 437-38 §135.b.
  9. Judges 4:4 tn Heb “she was.” The pronoun refers back to the nominative absolute “Deborah.” Hebrew style sometimes employs such resumptive pronouns when lengthy qualifiers separate the subject from the verb.
  10. Judges 4:4 tn Or “judging.”
  11. Judges 4:5 tn That is, “consider legal disputes.”
  12. Judges 4:5 tn Heb “for judgment.”
  13. Judges 4:6 tn Heb “sent and summoned.”
  14. Judges 4:7 tn Heb “horde”; “multitude.”
  15. Judges 4:9 tn Or “honor.”
  16. Judges 4:9 tn Heb “on [account of (?)] the way which you are walking.” Another option is to translate, “due to the way you are going about this.” In this case direct reference is made to Barak’s hesitancy as the reason for his loss of glory.
  17. Judges 4:9 tn Heb “for into the hands of a woman the Lord will sell Sisera.”
  18. Judges 4:10 tn Heb “went up at his feet.”
  19. Judges 4:11 tn Or “separated.”
  20. Judges 4:11 tn Heb “pitched his tent.”
  21. Judges 4:12 tn Heb “and they told Sisera.”
  22. Judges 4:13 tn Heb “Sisera.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  23. Judges 4:13 tn Or “summoned.”
  24. Judges 4:14 tn Heb “Arise!”
  25. Judges 4:14 tn The verb form (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the Lord speaks of it as a “done deal.”
  26. Judges 4:14 tn Heb “Has the Lord not gone out before you?”
  27. Judges 4:15 tn Or “caused to panic.”
  28. Judges 4:15 tn The Hebrew text also includes the phrase “before Barak.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  29. Judges 4:15 tn Heb “got down from.”
  30. Judges 4:16 tn Heb “fell.”
  31. Judges 4:16 tn Heb “was left.”
  32. Judges 4:17 tn Heb “for there was peace between.”
  33. Judges 4:18 tn Heb “Turn aside” (also a second time later in this verse).
  34. Judges 4:18 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Sisera) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  35. Judges 4:21 tn Heb “took a tent peg and put a hammer in her hand.”
  36. Judges 4:21 tn Heb “and it went into the ground.”
  37. Judges 4:21 tn Heb “and exhausted.” Another option is to understand this as a reference to the result of the fatal blow. In this case, the phrase could be translated, “and he breathed his last.”
  38. Judges 4:22 tn Heb “he went to her.”
  39. Judges 4:22 tn Heb “fallen, dead.”
  40. Judges 4:24 tn Heb “The hand of the Israelites became more and more severe against.”
  41. Judges 4:24 tn Heb “cut off.”
  42. Judges 4:24 tn Heb “Jabin king of Canaan.” The proper name and title have been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

Débora y Barac derrotan a Sísara

Después de la muerte de Aod, los israelitas volvieron a hacer lo malo a los ojos del Señor. Por eso el Señor los dejó caer en manos de Jabín, el rey cananeo que reinaba en Jazor. El capitán del ejército enemigo se llamaba Sísara, y vivía en Jaroset Goyín. Entonces los israelitas clamaron al Señor para que los librara, pues Jabín tenía novecientos carros de hierro y durante veinte años había oprimido cruelmente a los israelitas.

En aquel tiempo gobernaba a Israel una profetisa llamada Débora, que era mujer de Lapidot. Débora acostumbraba sentarse bajo una palmera que estaba entre Ramá y Betel, en el monte de Efraín. Los israelitas iban a ese lugar, conocido como «La palmera de Débora», para que les hiciera justicia. Un día, Débora mandó llamar a Barac hijo de Abinoán, quien era de Cedes de Neftalí. Cuando Barac llegó, ella le preguntó:

«El Señor y Dios de Israel te ha dado una orden, ¿no es verdad? Te ha dicho: “Ve y reúne a tu gente en el monte de Tabor. Toma diez mil hombres de la tribu de Neftalí y de la tribu de Zabulón. Yo voy a hacer que Sísara, el capitán del ejército de Jabín, vaya al arroyo de Cisón con sus carros y su ejército, y allí lo entregaré en tus manos.”»

Y Barac le respondió:

«Iré, si tú vas conmigo. Si no vas conmigo, no iré.»

Ella le dijo:

«Voy a ir contigo. Pero la gloria de la victoria no será tuya, porque el Señor va a poner a Sísara en manos de una mujer.»

Y así, Débora se levantó y acompañó a Barac hasta Cedes. 10 Allí Barac reunió a las tribus de Zabulón y Neftalí, que eran diez mil hombres bajo su mando. Débora lo acompañó.

11 Un quenita llamado Jéber, descendiente de Hobab, el suegro de Moisés, se había apartado de los quenitas para plantar sus tiendas de campaña en el valle de Sanayin, junto a Cedes.

12 Como Sísara fue informado de que Barac hijo de Abinoán había subido al monte Tabor, 13 reunió sus novecientos carros de hierro y a todo su ejército, que era tan numeroso que se extendía desde Jaroset Goyín hasta el arroyo de Cisón. 14 Entonces Débora le dijo a Barac:

«Levántate, que hoy el Señor va a poner a Sísara en tus manos, pues en verdad el Señor está contigo.»

Barac bajó entonces del monte Tabor con sus diez mil hombres, 15 y el Señor derrotó delante de Barac a Sísara, desbaratando sus carros y pasando a filo de espada a todo su ejército. Al ver esto, Sísara bajó de su carro y huyó a pie. 16 Pero Barac persiguió los carros y al ejército hasta Jaroset Goyín, y los pasó a filo de espada, hasta no dejar a uno solo con vida.

17 Sísara, que había huido a pie, llegó a la tienda de campaña de Yael, mujer de Jéber el quenita, pues Jabín, el rey de Jazor, estaba en paz con la tribu de Jéber. 18 Yael salió a recibir a Sísara, y le dijo:

«Acércate, mi señor, no tengas miedo.»

Sísara entró en la tienda de campaña, y ella lo cubrió con una manta. 19 Entonces el rey le dijo:

«Por favor, dame a beber un poco de agua, pues tengo mucha sed.»

Yael abrió un odre de leche, le dio de beber, y lo volvió a cubrir. 20 Entonces Sísara le dijo:

«Quédate a la entrada de tu tienda, y si alguien viene y te pregunta si hay alguien aquí, tú le responderás que no.»

21 Pero como Sísara estaba muy cansado y pronto se quedó dormido, Yael tomó una estaca de la tienda y un mazo y, acercándose sigilosamente, le clavó la estaca en las sienes, hasta hundirla en tierra. Así murió Sísara.

22 Como Barac iba siguiendo a Sísara, cuando Yael lo vio, salió a recibirlo y le dijo:

«Ven, que voy a mostrarte al hombre que buscas.»

Barac entró con ella, y se encontró con que Sísara estaba ahí, muerto y con la estaca clavada en la sien.

23 Ese día, Dios humilló al rey cananeo Jabín frente a los israelitas, 24 y éstos fueron endureciendo su trato contra Jabín, hasta que lo destruyeron.