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After the death of Josue the children of Israel consulted the Lord, saying: Who shall go up before us against the Chanaanite, and shall be the leader of the war?

And the Lord said: Juda shall go up: behold I have delivered the land into his hands.

And Juda said to Simeon his brother: Come up with me into my lot, and fight against the Chanaanite, that I also may go along with thee into thy lot. And Simeon went with him.

And Juda went up, and the Lord delivered the Chanaanite, and the Pherezite into their hands: and they slew of them in Bezec ten thousand men.

And they found Adonibezec in Bezec, and fought against him, and they defeated the Chanaanite, and the Pherezite.

And Adonibezec fled: and they pursued after him and took him, and cut off his fingers and toes.

And Adonibezec said: Seventy kings having their fingers and toes cut off, gathered up the leavings of the meat under my table: as I have done, so hath God requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.

And the children of Juda besieging Jerusalem, took it, and put it to the sword, and set the whole city on fire.

And afterwards they went down and fought against the Chanaanite, who dwelt in the mountains, and in the south, and in the plains.

10 And Juda going forward against the Chanaanite, that dwelt in Hebron (the name whereof was in former times Cariath-Arbe) slew Sesai, and Ahiman, and Tholmai:

11 And departing from thence he went to the inhabitants of Dabir, the ancient name of which was Cariath-Sepher, that is, the city of letters.

12 And Caleb said: He that shall take Cariath-Sepher, and lay it waste, to him will I give my daughter Axa to wife.

13 And Othoniel the son of Cenez, the younger brother of Caleb, having taken it, he gave him Axa his daughter to wife.

14 And as she was going on her way her husband admonished her to ask a field of her father. And as she sighed sitting on her ass, Caleb said to her: What aileth thee?

15 But she answered: Give me a blessing, for thou hast given me a dry land: give me also a watery land. So Caleb gave her the upper and the nether watery ground.

16 And the children of the Cinite, the kinsman of Moses, went up from the city of palms, with the children of Juda into the wilderness of his lot, which is at the south side of Arad, and they dwelt with him.

17 And Juda went with Simeon his brother, and they together defeated the Chanaanites that dwelt in Sephaath, and slew them. And the name of the city was called Horma, that is, Anathema.

18 And Juda took Gaza with its confines, and Ascalon and Accaron with their confines.

19 And the Lord was with Juda, and he possessed the hill country: but was not able to destroy the inhabitants of the valley, because they had many chariots armed with scythes.

20 And they gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had said, who destroyed out of it the three sons of Enac.

21 But the sons of Benjamin did not destroy the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem: and the Jebusite hath dwelt with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem until this present day.

22 The house of Joseph also went up against Bethel, and the Lord was with them.

23 For when they were besieging the city, which before was called Luza,

24 They saw a man coming out of the city, and they said to him: shew us the entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy.

25 And when he had shewn them, they smote the city with the edge of the sword: but that man and all his kindred they let go:

26 Who being sent away, went into the land of Hethim, and built there a city, and called it Luza: which is so called until this day.

27 Manasses also did not destroy Bethsan, and Thanac with their villages, nor the inhabitants of Dor, and Jeblaam, and Mageddo with their villages. And the Chanaanite began to dwell with them.

28 But after Israel was grown strong he made them tributaries, and would not destroy them.

29 Ephraim also did not slay the Chanaanite that dwelt in Gazer, but dwelt with him.

30 Zabulon destroyed not the inhabitants of Cetron, and Naalol: but the Chanaanite dwelt among them, and became their tributaries.

31 Aser also destroyed not the inhabitants of Accho, and of Sidon, of Ahalab, and of Achazib, and of Helba, and of Aphec, and of Rohob:

32 And he dwelt in the midst of the Chanaanites the inhabitants of that land, and did not slay them.

33 Nephtali also destroyed not the inhabitants of Bethsames, and of Bethanath: and he dwelt in the midst of the Chanaanites the inhabitants of the land, and the Bethsamites and Bethanites were tributaries to him.

34 And the Amorrhite straitened the children of Dan in the mountain, and gave them not place to go down to the plain:

35 And he dwelt in the mountain Hares, that is, of potsherds, in Aialon and Salebim. And the hand of the house of Joseph was heavy upon him, and he became tributary to him.

36 And the border of the Amorrhite was from the ascent of the scorpion, the rock, and the higher places.

Israel Fights the Remaining Canaanites(A)

After the death(B) of Joshua, the Israelites asked the Lord, “Who of us is to go up first(C) to fight against the Canaanites?(D)

The Lord answered, “Judah(E) shall go up; I have given the land into their hands.(F)

The men of Judah then said to the Simeonites their fellow Israelites, “Come up with us into the territory allotted to us, to fight against the Canaanites. We in turn will go with you into yours.” So the Simeonites(G) went with them.

When Judah attacked, the Lord gave the Canaanites and Perizzites(H) into their hands, and they struck down ten thousand men at Bezek.(I) It was there that they found Adoni-Bezek(J) and fought against him, putting to rout the Canaanites and Perizzites. Adoni-Bezek fled, but they chased him and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and big toes.

Then Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off have picked up scraps under my table. Now God has paid me back(K) for what I did to them.” They brought him to Jerusalem,(L) and he died there.

The men of Judah attacked Jerusalem(M) also and took it. They put the city to the sword and set it on fire.

After that, Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country,(N) the Negev(O) and the western foothills. 10 They advanced against the Canaanites living in Hebron(P) (formerly called Kiriath Arba(Q)) and defeated Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai.(R) 11 From there they advanced against the people living in Debir(S) (formerly called Kiriath Sepher).

12 And Caleb said, “I will give my daughter Aksah in marriage to the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.” 13 Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it; so Caleb gave his daughter Aksah to him in marriage.

14 One day when she came to Othniel, she urged him[a] to ask her father for a field. When she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, “What can I do for you?”

15 She replied, “Do me a special favor. Since you have given me land in the Negev, give me also springs of water.” So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs.(T)

16 The descendants of Moses’ father-in-law,(U) the Kenite,(V) went up from the City of Palms[b](W) with the people of Judah to live among the inhabitants of the Desert of Judah in the Negev near Arad.(X)

17 Then the men of Judah went with the Simeonites(Y) their fellow Israelites and attacked the Canaanites living in Zephath, and they totally destroyed[c] the city. Therefore it was called Hormah.[d](Z) 18 Judah also took[e] Gaza,(AA) Ashkelon(AB) and Ekron—each city with its territory.

19 The Lord was with(AC) the men of Judah. They took possession of the hill country,(AD) but they were unable to drive the people from the plains, because they had chariots fitted with iron.(AE) 20 As Moses had promised, Hebron(AF) was given to Caleb, who drove from it the three sons of Anak.(AG) 21 The Benjamites, however, did not drive out(AH) the Jebusites, who were living in Jerusalem;(AI) to this day the Jebusites live there with the Benjamites.

22 Now the tribes of Joseph(AJ) attacked Bethel,(AK) and the Lord was with them. 23 When they sent men to spy out Bethel (formerly called Luz),(AL) 24 the spies saw a man coming out of the city and they said to him, “Show us how to get into the city and we will see that you are treated well.(AM) 25 So he showed them, and they put the city to the sword but spared(AN) the man and his whole family. 26 He then went to the land of the Hittites,(AO) where he built a city and called it Luz,(AP) which is its name to this day.

27 But Manasseh did not(AQ) drive out the people of Beth Shan or Taanach or Dor(AR) or Ibleam(AS) or Megiddo(AT) and their surrounding settlements, for the Canaanites(AU) were determined to live in that land. 28 When Israel became strong, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor but never drove them out completely.(AV) 29 Nor did Ephraim(AW) drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer,(AX) but the Canaanites continued to live there among them.(AY) 30 Neither did Zebulun drive out the Canaanites living in Kitron or Nahalol, so these Canaanites lived among them, but Zebulun did subject them to forced labor. 31 Nor did Asher(AZ) drive out those living in Akko or Sidon(BA) or Ahlab or Akzib(BB) or Helbah or Aphek(BC) or Rehob.(BD) 32 The Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land because they did not drive them out. 33 Neither did Naphtali drive out those living in Beth Shemesh(BE) or Beth Anath(BF); but the Naphtalites too lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, and those living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath became forced laborers for them. 34 The Amorites(BG) confined the Danites(BH) to the hill country, not allowing them to come down into the plain.(BI) 35 And the Amorites were determined also to hold out in Mount Heres,(BJ) Aijalon(BK) and Shaalbim,(BL) but when the power of the tribes of Joseph increased, they too were pressed into forced labor. 36 The boundary of the Amorites was from Scorpion Pass(BM) to Sela(BN) and beyond.(BO)

Footnotes

  1. Judges 1:14 Hebrew; Septuagint and Vulgate Othniel, he urged her
  2. Judges 1:16 That is, Jericho
  3. Judges 1:17 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  4. Judges 1:17 Hormah means destruction.
  5. Judges 1:18 Hebrew; Septuagint Judah did not take

Israel luta contra os restantes cananeus

(Js 15.15-19)

Após a morte de Josué, a nação de Israel consultou o Senhor para receber as suas instruções. “Qual será a tribo que deverá ir primeiro à guerra contra os cananeus?”, perguntaram.

A resposta do Senhor foi: “Judá. E dar-lhe-ei uma grande vitória.”

Os líderes da tribo de Judá, contudo, pediram auxílio à tribo de Simeão: “Venham connosco lutar contra o povo que está ainda na porção de terra que nos coube em sorte, e depois seremos nós a ajudar-vos a conquistar a vossa parte.” E assim o exército de Simeão foi com o de Judá.

Quando Judá subiu para lutar, o Senhor ajudou-os a derrotarem os cananeus e os perizeus, de tal forma que houve 10 000 baixas, da parte do inimigo, em Bezeque. Ali enfrentaram Adoni-Bezeque e, lutando contra ele, venceram os cananeus e perizeus. O rei Adoni-Bezeque conseguiu fugir, mas o exército de Israel capturou-o de seguida, e cortaram-lhe os dedos polegares dos pés e das mãos. “Fiz o mesmo a 70 reis que depois andavam a apanhar migalhas debaixo da minha mesa!”, dizia o rei Adoni-Bezeque. “Agora Deus pagou-me da mesma moeda.” Foi levado para Jerusalém e ali morreu.

Judá tinha conquistado Jerusalém e destruído a sua população, pondo fogo à cidade. Depois o exército de Judá combateu os cananeus na região das colinas, no Negueve e nas planícies costeiras. 10 Posteriormente, retomou a luta contra eles em Hebrom (antigamente chamada Quiriate-Arba), destruindo-lhes as cidades de Sesai, Aimã e Talmai. 11 Por último atacaram a cidade de Debir, antigamente chamada Quiriate-Sefer.

12 “Quem vai comandar o ataque contra Quiriate-Sefer?”, desafiou Calebe. “Quem a conquistar terá a minha filha Acsa como mulher!” 13 Foi Otniel, filho de Quenaz, irmão mais novo de Caleb, quem tomou a cidade, casando assim com Acsa.

14 Quando estavam para ir viver juntos para o seu novo lar, ele pediu-lhe insistentemente que pedisse ao pai mais terra. E foi ela própria que, vendo seu pai Calebe, desceu da montada em que ia para lhe falar no assunto. “Que pretendes?”, disse-lhe o pai ao vê-la aproximar-se.

15 “O que é que se passa?”, perguntou-lhe o pai. “Que pretendes?” “Dá-me outra doação! Porque a terra que já me deste é um deserto. Dá-me também fontes para ter água!” Então deu-lhe as fontes superiores e as das terras mais baixas.

16 Quando a tribo de Judá foi instalar-se no seu novo território, no deserto do Negueve, a sul de Arade, os descendentes do sogro de Moisés, membros do grupo dos queneus, acompanharam-na. Deixaram as suas casas em Jericó, a cidade das palmeiras, e passaram a viver juntos com a tribo de Judá.

17 Posteriormente, a tribo de Judá juntou-se à de Simeão, para combater os cananeus na cidade de Zefate, e destruíram a população. Assim, a cidade passou a ser chamada Horma (destruição). 18 O exército de Judá conquistou igualmente as cidades de Gaza, Asquelom e Ecrom, com as localidades da sua jurisdição.

19 O Senhor ajudou a tribo de Judá a exterminar o povo das colinas, ainda que tivessem falhado na tentativa de conquistar o povo do vale, que tinha carros de ferro. 20 A cidade de Hebrom foi dada a Calebe, conforme as instruções de Moisés. Assim, Calebe lançou fora os seus habitantes, que eram descendentes dos três filhos de Anaque. 21 A tribo de Benjamim não exterminou os jebuseus que viviam em Jerusalém; por isso, ainda lá vivem hoje misturados com os benjamitas.

22-23 Quanto à tribo de José, atacaram a cidade de Betel, anteriormente conhecida por Luz, e o Senhor esteve com eles. 24 Primeiro enviaram espias que capturaram um homem que vinha a sair da cidade. Propuseram-lhe poupar a vida dele e da sua família, se desse a conhecer a passagem através da muralha para entrar na cidade. 25 O homem concordou; mostrou-lhes como entrar lá dentro e eles massacraram a população toda, exceto este homem e a sua família. 26 Mais tarde, aquele homem foi para a terra dos hititas e edificou ali uma cidade, à qual chamou também Luz, como é ainda conhecida hoje.

27 A tribo de Manassés também não expulsou os povos que viviam em Bete-Seã, Taanaque, Dor, Ibleão e Megido, nem tão-pouco nos lugares circunvizinhos; e assim os cananeus continuaram a viver ali. 28 Anos mais tarde, quando os israelitas se tornaram mais fortes, puseram os cananeus a trabalhar como escravos, mas nunca os forçaram a deixar o território.

29 Aconteceu o mesmo, aliás, com os cananeus que viviam em Gezer; ainda lá estão habitando no meio da tribo de Efraim.

30 A tribo de Zebulão também não destruiu o povo de Quitrom nem de Naalol, mas fizeram-nos seus escravos.

31 A tribo de Aser também não expulsou os residentes de Aco, Sídon, Alabe, Aczibe, Helba, Afeca, nem de Reobe; 32 e assim os aseritas vivem ainda entre os cananeus, o povo indígena daquela terra.

33 O mesmo se deu com a tribo de Naftali que não pôs fora o povo de Bete-Semes nem de Bete-Anate; e essa gente continua a viver com eles como servos.

34 Quanto à tribo de Dan, os amorreus forçaram-nos a circunscreverem-se à região das colinas e não os deixaram descer para os vales. 35 Quando mais tarde os amorreus tentaram espalhar-se em Har-Heres, Aijalom e Saalabim, a tribo de José dominou-os e fez deles escravos. 36 A fronteira dos amorreus começa na subida de Acrabim, desde Sela para cima.

I. The Situation in Canaan Following the Israelite Conquest

Chapter 1

Canaanites in Palestine. [a]After the death of Joshua the Israelites consulted the Lord, asking, “Who shall be first among us to attack the Canaanites and to do battle with them?” The Lord answered: Judah shall attack: I have delivered the land into his power.(A) Judah then said to his brother Simeon, “Come up with me into the territory allotted to me, and let us do battle with the Canaanites. I will likewise go with you into the territory allotted to you.” So Simeon went with him.(B)

When Judah attacked, the Lord delivered the Canaanites and Perizzites into their power, and they struck down ten thousand of them in Bezek. (C)They came upon Adonibezek in Bezek and fought against him. When they struck down the Canaanites and Perizzites, Adonibezek fled. They pursued him, and when they caught him, they cut off his thumbs and big toes. “Seventy kings,” said Adonibezek, “used to pick up scraps under my table with their thumbs and big toes cut off. As I have done, so has God repaid me.” He was brought to Jerusalem, and he died there. [b]The Judahites fought against Jerusalem, captured it, and put it to the sword, setting the city itself on fire.(D)

Afterward the Judahites went down to fight against the Canaanites who lived in the mountain region, in the Negeb, and in the foothills.(E) 10 Judah also marched against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron, which was formerly called Kiriath-arba, and defeated Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.(F) 11 They marched from there against the inhabitants of Debir, which was formerly called Kiriath-sepher. 12 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will give my daughter Achsah in marriage.” 13 (G)Othniel captured it, the son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz; so Caleb gave him his daughter Achsah in marriage. 14 When she came to him, she induced him to ask her father for some land. Then, as she alighted from the donkey, Caleb asked her, “What do you want?” 15 She answered, “Give me a present. Since you have put me in the land of the Negeb, give me pools of water.” So Caleb gave her what she wanted, both the upper and the lower pool.

16 (H)The descendants of Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law,[c] came up with the Judahites from the City of Palms to the wilderness of Arad, which is in the Negeb, and they settled among the Amalekites. 17 (I)Then Judah went with his brother Simeon, and they defeated the Canaanites who lived in Zephath. They put the city under the ban and renamed it Hormah.[d](J) 18 Judah captured Gaza with its territory, Ashkelon with its territory, Ekron with its territory, and Ashdod[e] with its territory.(K) 19 The Lord was with Judah, so they gained possession of the mountain region. But they could not dispossess those who lived on the plain, because they had iron chariots. 20 (L)As Moses had commanded, they gave Hebron to Caleb, who then drove the three sons of Anak away from there.

21 [f]As for the Jebusites dwelling in Jerusalem, the Benjaminites did not dispossess them, so that the Jebusites live with the Benjaminites in Jerusalem to the present day.(M)

22 The house of Joseph, too, went up against Bethel, and the Lord was with them. 23 The house of Joseph reconnoitered Bethel, which formerly was called Luz.(N) 24 The scouts saw a man coming out of the city and said to him, “Tell us the way into the city, and we will show you mercy.” 25 He showed them the way into the city, and they put the city to the sword; but they let the man and his whole clan go free. 26 The man then went to the land of the Hittites, where he built a city and called it Luz, which is its name to this day.

27 (O)Manasseh did not take possession of Beth-shean with its towns or of Taanach with its towns. Nor did they dispossess the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, those of Ibleam and its towns, or those of Megiddo and its towns. The Canaanites continued to live in this district. 28 When Israel grew stronger, they conscripted the Canaanites as laborers, but did not actually drive them out. 29 (P)Ephraim did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer, and so the Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.

30 (Q)Nor did Zebulun dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or those of Nahalol; the Canaanites lived among them and became forced laborers.

31 (R)Nor did Asher dispossess the inhabitants of Acco or those of Sidon, or take possession of Mahaleb, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob. 32 So the Asherites settled among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, for they had not dispossessed them.

33 (S)Nor did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh or those of Beth-anath. They settled among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land and the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath became forced laborers for them.

34 The Amorites hemmed in the Danites in the mountain region, not permitting them to come down onto the plain. 35 So the Amorites continued to live in Harheres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim, but as the power of the house of Joseph grew, they were conscripted as laborers.

36 The territory of the Amorites extended from the Akrabbim pass, from Sela and upward.

Footnotes

  1. 1:1–36 The chapter depicts the Israelite settlement of Canaan as a gradual and incomplete process (cf. Ex 23:29–30; Dt 7:22). This picture contrasts sharply with that found in Joshua, where the conquest is rapid and total. Accordingly, some scholars believe that Jgs 1 derives from an early account, which is less idealized and more realistic than that on which Joshua is based. Others, noting that Judah is presented as the only tribe that was completely successful in driving foreigners from its territory, think that the account was written at a late date and reflects suspicion in Judah about foreign elements in the Israelite populations of outlying areas (cf. 2 Kgs 17:24–33).
  2. 1:8 See note on 1:21 below.
  3. 1:16 Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law: as in 4:11. However, in Nm 10:29 Hobab is identified as Moses’ brother-in-law, while Reuel is identified as Moses’ father-in-law (see also Ex 2:18). The more common name of Moses’ father-in-law is Jethro, also a Midianite (e.g., Ex 3:1). It is impossible to sort out the relationships among these three men in the ancient traditions. City of Palms: Jericho (cf. Dt 34:3) or a town in the Negeb.
  4. 1:17 The ban…Hormah: the narrator relates the city-name “Hormah” to “the ban” (Hebrew herem), which commanded the Israelites to devote to the Lord—and thus to destroy—whatever was captured within the land (cf. Dt 20:10–18).
  5. 1:18 Gaza…Ashkelon…Ekron…Ashdod: four of the five major cities of the Philistines (see note on 3:3). Since these cities were on the coastal plain, the statement that Judah captured them is contrary to v. 19, which notes Judah’s failure to drive out the inhabitants of the lowlands. In the Septuagint the problem is removed by changing the beginning of this verse to read “Judah did not dispossess….”
  6. 1:21 According to Jos 18:16, Jerusalem was assigned to the tribe of Benjamin. According to the notice in 1:8 above, the city was burned by the Judahites, but elsewhere (2 Sm 5:6–9) we learn that it was not actually taken from the Jebusites until David captured it and made it his capital.