A time came after the death of Joshua when the People of Israel asked God, “Who will take the lead in going up against the Canaanites to fight them?”

And God said, “Judah will go. I’ve given the land to him.”

The men of Judah said to those of their brother Simeon, “Go up with us to our territory and we’ll fight the Canaanites. Then we’ll go with you to your territory.” And Simeon went with them.

So Judah went up. God gave them the Canaanites and the Perizzites. They defeated them at Bezek—ten military units!

5-7 They caught up with My-Master-Bezek there and fought him. They smashed the Canaanites and the Perizzites. My-Master-Bezek ran, but they gave chase and caught him. They cut off his thumbs and big toes. My-Master-Bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off used to crawl under my table, scavenging. Now God has done to me what I did to them.”

They brought him to Jerusalem and he died there.

* * *

8-10 The people of Judah attacked and captured Jerusalem, subduing the city by sword and then sending it up in flames. After that they had gone down to fight the Canaanites who were living in the hill country, the Negev, and the foothills. Judah had gone on to the Canaanites who lived in Hebron (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba) and brought Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai to their knees.

11-12 From there they had marched against the population of Debir (Debir used to be called Kiriath Sepher). Caleb had said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it, I’ll give my daughter Acsah to him as his wife.”

13 Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s brother, took it, so Caleb gave him his daughter Acsah as his wife.

14-15 When she arrived she got him
    to ask for farmland from her father.
As she dismounted from her donkey
    Caleb asked her, “What would you like?”
She said, “Give me a marriage gift.
    You’ve given me desert land;
Now give me pools of water!”
    And he gave her the upper and the lower pools.

* * *

16 The people of Hobab the Kenite, Moses’ relative, went up with the people of Judah from the City of Palms to the wilderness of Judah at the descent of Arad. They settled down there with the Amalekites.

17 The people of Judah went with their kin the Simeonites and struck the Canaanites who lived in Zephath. They carried out the holy curse and named the city Curse-town.

18-19 But Judah didn’t manage to capture Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron with their territories. God was certainly with Judah in that they took over the hill country. But they couldn’t oust the people on the plain because they had iron chariots.

20 They gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had directed. Caleb drove out the three sons of Anak.

21 But the people of Benjamin couldn’t get rid of the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. Benjaminites and Jebusites live side by side in Jerusalem to this day.

* * *

22-26 The house of Joseph went up to attack Bethel. God was with them. Joseph sent out spies to look the place over. Bethel used to be known as Luz. The spies saw a man leaving the city and said to him, “Show us a way into the city and we’ll treat you well.” The man showed them a way in. They killed everyone in the city but the man and his family. The man went to Hittite country and built a city. He named it Luz; that’s its name to this day.

27-28 But Manasseh never managed to drive out Beth Shan, Taanach, Dor, Ibleam, and Megiddo with their territories. The Canaanites dug in their heels and wouldn’t budge. When Israel became stronger they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they never got rid of them.

29 Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer. The Canaanites stuck it out and lived there with them.

30 Nor did Zebulun drive out the Canaanites in Kitron or Nahalol. They kept living there, but they were put to forced labor.

31-32 Nor did Asher drive out the people of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphek, and Rehob. Asher went ahead and settled down with the Canaanites since they could not get rid of them.

33 Naphtali fared no better. They couldn’t drive out the people of Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath so they just moved in and lived with them. They did, though, put them to forced labor.

34-35 The Amorites pushed the people of Dan up into the hills and wouldn’t let them down on the plains. The Amorites stubbornly continued to live in Mount Heres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim. But when the house of Joseph got the upper hand, they were put to forced labor.

36 The Amorite border extended from Scorpions’ Pass and Sela upward.

* * *

Judah’s Leadership against the Canaanites

After the death of Joshua,(A) the Israelites inquired of the Lord,(B) “Who will be the first to fight for us against the Canaanites?”

The Lord answered, “Judah(C) is to go.(D) I have handed the land over to him.”(E)

Judah said to his brother Simeon, “Come with me to my territory, and let us fight against the Canaanites. I will also go with you to your territory.” So Simeon went with him.

When Judah attacked, the Lord handed the Canaanites and Perizzites(F) over to them. They struck down 10,000 men in Bezek.(G) They found Adoni-bezek in Bezek, fought against him, and struck down the Canaanites and Perizzites.

When Adoni-bezek fled, they pursued him, seized him, and cut off his thumbs and big toes.(H) Adoni-bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off used to pick up scraps[a] under my table. God has repaid me for what I have done.” They brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.

The men of Judah fought against Jerusalem and captured it. They put the city to the sword and set it on fire. Afterward, the men of Judah marched down to fight against the Canaanites who were living in the hill country, the Negev, and the Judean foothills.[b] 10 Judah also marched against the Canaanites who were living in Hebron(I) (Hebron was formerly named Kiriath-arba(J)). They struck down Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.(K) 11 From there they marched against the residents of Debir(L) (Debir was formerly named Kiriath-sepher).

12 Caleb(M) said, “Whoever strikes down and captures Kiriath-sepher, I will give my daughter Achsah(N) to him as a wife.” 13 So Othniel(O) son of Kenaz, Caleb’s youngest brother, captured it, and Caleb gave his daughter Achsah to him as his wife.

14 When she arrived, she persuaded Othniel[c] to ask her father for a field. As she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her,[d] “What do you want?” 15 She answered him, “Give me a blessing. Since you have given me land in the Negev,(P) give me springs of water also.” So Caleb gave her both the upper and lower springs.[e](Q)

16 The descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law,(R) had gone up with the men of Judah from the City of Palms[f](S) to the Wilderness of Judah, which was in the Negev of Arad.(T) They went to live among the people.

17 Judah went with his brother Simeon, struck the Canaanites who were living in Zephath, and completely destroyed the town. So they named the town Hormah.(U) 18 Judah captured Gaza and its territory, Ashkelon and its territory, and Ekron and its territory.[g] 19 The Lord was with(V) Judah and enabled them to take possession of the hill country, but they could not drive out(W) the people who were living in the valley because those people had iron chariots.[h](X)

20 Judah gave Hebron to Caleb, just as Moses had promised.(Y) Then Caleb drove out the three sons of Anak(Z) who lived there.[i]

Benjamin’s Failure

21 At the same time the Benjaminites did not drive out the Jebusites who were living in Jerusalem. The Jebusites have lived among the Benjaminites in Jerusalem to this day.(AA)

Success of the House of Joseph

22 The house of Joseph also attacked Bethel, and the Lord was with(AB) them. 23 They sent spies to Bethel (the town was formerly named Luz(AC)). 24 The spies saw a man coming out of the town and said to him, “Please show us how to get into town, and we will treat you well.”(AD) 25 When he showed them the way into the town, they put the town to the sword but released the man and his entire family. 26 Then the man went to the land of the Hittites, built a town, and named it Luz. That is its name to this day.

Failure of the Other Tribes

27 At that time Manasseh failed to take possession of Beth-shean[j](AE) and its villages,[k] or Taanach(AF) and its villages, or the residents of Dor(AG) and its villages, or the residents of Ibleam[l](AH) and its villages, or the residents of Megiddo(AI) and its villages; the Canaanites refused to leave[m] this land.(AJ) 28 When Israel became stronger, they made the Canaanites serve as forced labor but never drove them out completely.(AK)

29 At that time Ephraim failed to drive out the Canaanites who were living in Gezer, so the Canaanites have lived among them in Gezer.[n](AL)

30 Zebulun failed to drive out the residents of Kitron or the residents of Nahalol,(AM) so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced labor.

31 Asher failed to drive out the residents of Acco[o] or of Sidon, or Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob. 32 The Asherites lived among the Canaanites who were living in the land, because they failed to drive them out.

33 Naphtali did not drive out the residents of Beth-shemesh or the residents of Beth-anath. They lived among the Canaanites who were living in the land, but the residents of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath served as their forced labor.

34 The Amorites(AN) forced the Danites into the hill country and did not allow them to go down into the valley. 35 The Amorites refused to leave[p] Har-heres, Aijalon,(AO) and Shaalbim. When the house of Joseph got the upper hand,[q] the Amorites[r] were made to serve as forced labor. 36 The territory of the Amorites extended from the Ascent of Akrabbim,(AP) that is from Sela(AQ) upward.

Footnotes

  1. Judges 1:7 Lit toes are gathering
  2. Judges 1:9 Or the Shephelah
  3. Judges 1:14 LXX reads arrived, he pressured her
  4. Judges 1:14 LXX reads . . . field. She grumbled while on the donkey, and she cried out from the donkey, “Into the southland you sent me out,” and Caleb said
  5. Judges 1:15 LXX reads give me redemption of water, and Caleb gave her according to her heart the redemption of the upper and the redemption of the lower
  6. Judges 1:16 = Jericho; Dt 34:3; Jdg 3:13; 2Ch 28:15
  7. Judges 1:18 LXX reads Judah did not inherit Gaza and its borders nor Ashkelon and its borders nor Ekron and its borders nor Azotus and its surrounding lands
  8. Judges 1:19 LXX reads hill country, for they were not able to drive out the residents of the valley because Rechab separated it
  9. Judges 1:20 LXX reads And he inherited from there the three cities of the sons of Anak.
  10. Judges 1:27 LXX reads Beth-shean, which is a Scythian city
  11. Judges 1:27 LXX reads its villages or the fields around it
  12. Judges 1:27 LXX reads Balaam
  13. Judges 1:27 LXX reads Canaanites began to live in
  14. Judges 1:29 LXX reads Gezer, and became forced labor
  15. Judges 1:31 LXX reads Acco, and they became for him forced labor and the residents of Dor
  16. Judges 1:35 Or Amorites determined to live in
  17. Judges 1:35 Lit When the hand of the house of Joseph was heavy
  18. Judges 1:35 LXX reads Joseph became strong on the Amorites, they

Israel luta contra os restantes cananeus

(Js 15.15-19)

Após a morte de Josué, a nação de Israel consultou o Senhor para receber as suas instruções. “Qual será a tribo que deverá ir primeiro à guerra contra os cananeus?”, perguntaram.

A resposta do Senhor foi: “Judá. E dar-lhe-ei uma grande vitória.”

Os líderes da tribo de Judá, contudo, pediram auxílio à tribo de Simeão: “Venham connosco lutar contra o povo que está ainda na porção de terra que nos coube em sorte, e depois seremos nós a ajudar-vos a conquistar a vossa parte.” E assim o exército de Simeão foi com o de Judá.

Quando Judá subiu para lutar, o Senhor ajudou-os a derrotarem os cananeus e os perizeus, de tal forma que houve 10 000 baixas, da parte do inimigo, em Bezeque. Ali enfrentaram Adoni-Bezeque e, lutando contra ele, venceram os cananeus e perizeus. O rei Adoni-Bezeque conseguiu fugir, mas o exército de Israel capturou-o de seguida, e cortaram-lhe os dedos polegares dos pés e das mãos. “Fiz o mesmo a 70 reis que depois andavam a apanhar migalhas debaixo da minha mesa!”, dizia o rei Adoni-Bezeque. “Agora Deus pagou-me da mesma moeda.” Foi levado para Jerusalém e ali morreu.

Judá tinha conquistado Jerusalém e destruído a sua população, pondo fogo à cidade. Depois o exército de Judá combateu os cananeus na região das colinas, no Negueve e nas planícies costeiras. 10 Posteriormente, retomou a luta contra eles em Hebrom (antigamente chamada Quiriate-Arba), destruindo-lhes as cidades de Sesai, Aimã e Talmai. 11 Por último atacaram a cidade de Debir, antigamente chamada Quiriate-Sefer.

12 “Quem vai comandar o ataque contra Quiriate-Sefer?”, desafiou Calebe. “Quem a conquistar terá a minha filha Acsa como mulher!” 13 Foi Otniel, filho de Quenaz, irmão mais novo de Caleb, quem tomou a cidade, casando assim com Acsa.

14 Quando estavam para ir viver juntos para o seu novo lar, ele pediu-lhe insistentemente que pedisse ao pai mais terra. E foi ela própria que, vendo seu pai Calebe, desceu da montada em que ia para lhe falar no assunto. “Que pretendes?”, disse-lhe o pai ao vê-la aproximar-se.

15 “O que é que se passa?”, perguntou-lhe o pai. “Que pretendes?” “Dá-me outra doação! Porque a terra que já me deste é um deserto. Dá-me também fontes para ter água!” Então deu-lhe as fontes superiores e as das terras mais baixas.

16 Quando a tribo de Judá foi instalar-se no seu novo território, no deserto do Negueve, a sul de Arade, os descendentes do sogro de Moisés, membros do grupo dos queneus, acompanharam-na. Deixaram as suas casas em Jericó, a cidade das palmeiras, e passaram a viver juntos com a tribo de Judá.

17 Posteriormente, a tribo de Judá juntou-se à de Simeão, para combater os cananeus na cidade de Zefate, e destruíram a população. Assim, a cidade passou a ser chamada Horma (destruição). 18 O exército de Judá conquistou igualmente as cidades de Gaza, Asquelom e Ecrom, com as localidades da sua jurisdição.

19 O Senhor ajudou a tribo de Judá a exterminar o povo das colinas, ainda que tivessem falhado na tentativa de conquistar o povo do vale, que tinha carros de ferro. 20 A cidade de Hebrom foi dada a Calebe, conforme as instruções de Moisés. Assim, Calebe lançou fora os seus habitantes, que eram descendentes dos três filhos de Anaque. 21 A tribo de Benjamim não exterminou os jebuseus que viviam em Jerusalém; por isso, ainda lá vivem hoje misturados com os benjamitas.

22-23 Quanto à tribo de José, atacaram a cidade de Betel, anteriormente conhecida por Luz, e o Senhor esteve com eles. 24 Primeiro enviaram espias que capturaram um homem que vinha a sair da cidade. Propuseram-lhe poupar a vida dele e da sua família, se desse a conhecer a passagem através da muralha para entrar na cidade. 25 O homem concordou; mostrou-lhes como entrar lá dentro e eles massacraram a população toda, exceto este homem e a sua família. 26 Mais tarde, aquele homem foi para a terra dos hititas e edificou ali uma cidade, à qual chamou também Luz, como é ainda conhecida hoje.

27 A tribo de Manassés também não expulsou os povos que viviam em Bete-Seã, Taanaque, Dor, Ibleão e Megido, nem tão-pouco nos lugares circunvizinhos; e assim os cananeus continuaram a viver ali. 28 Anos mais tarde, quando os israelitas se tornaram mais fortes, puseram os cananeus a trabalhar como escravos, mas nunca os forçaram a deixar o território.

29 Aconteceu o mesmo, aliás, com os cananeus que viviam em Gezer; ainda lá estão habitando no meio da tribo de Efraim.

30 A tribo de Zebulão também não destruiu o povo de Quitrom nem de Naalol, mas fizeram-nos seus escravos.

31 A tribo de Aser também não expulsou os residentes de Aco, Sídon, Alabe, Aczibe, Helba, Afeca, nem de Reobe; 32 e assim os aseritas vivem ainda entre os cananeus, o povo indígena daquela terra.

33 O mesmo se deu com a tribo de Naftali que não pôs fora o povo de Bete-Semes nem de Bete-Anate; e essa gente continua a viver com eles como servos.

34 Quanto à tribo de Dan, os amorreus forçaram-nos a circunscreverem-se à região das colinas e não os deixaram descer para os vales. 35 Quando mais tarde os amorreus tentaram espalhar-se em Har-Heres, Aijalom e Saalabim, a tribo de José dominou-os e fez deles escravos. 36 A fronteira dos amorreus começa na subida de Acrabim, desde Sela para cima.