Jude 14-15
New English Translation
14 Now Enoch, the seventh in descent beginning with Adam,[a] even prophesied of them,[b] saying, “Look! The Lord is coming[c] with thousands and thousands[d] of his holy ones, 15 to execute judgment on[e] all, and to convict every person[f] of all their thoroughly ungodly deeds[g] that they have committed,[h] and of all the harsh words that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”[i]
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- Jude 1:14 tn Grk “the seventh from Adam.”sn The genealogical count is inclusive, counting Adam as the first, for Enoch is really the sixth in descent from Adam (Adam, Seth, Enosh, Cainan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch). In this way, the picture of perfection/completion was retained (for the number seven is often used for perfection or completion in the Bible) starting with Adam and concluding with Enoch.
- Jude 1:14 tn Grk “against them.” The dative τούτοις (toutois) is a dativus incommodi (dative of disadvantage).
- Jude 1:14 tn Grk “has come,” a proleptic aorist.
- Jude 1:14 tn Grk “ten thousands.” The word μυριάς (murias), from which the English myriad is derived, means “ten thousand.” In the plural it means “ten thousands.” This would mean, minimally, 20,000 (a multiple of ten thousand). At the same time, the term was often used in apocalyptic literature to represent simply a rather large number, without any attempt to be specific.
- Jude 1:15 tn Grk “against” (κατά [kata] + genitive). English usage is satisfied with “on” at this point, but the parallel is lost in the translation to some degree, for the end of v. 15 says that this judgment is meted out on these sinners because they spoke against him (κατά + genitive).
- Jude 1:15 tn Or “soul.”
- Jude 1:15 tn Grk “of all their works of ungodliness.” The adverb “thoroughly” is part of the following verb “have committed.” See note on verb “committed” later in this verse.
- Jude 1:15 tn The verb in Greek does not simply mean “have committed,” but “have committed in an ungodly way.” The verb ἀσεβέω (asebeō) is cognate to the noun ἀσέβεια (asebeia, “ungodliness”). There is no easy way to express this in English, since English does not have a single word that means the same thing. Nevertheless, the tenor of v. 15 is plainly seen, regardless of the translation.
- Jude 1:15 sn An apparent quotation from 1 En. 1:9. There is some doubt as to whether Jude is actually quoting from the text of 1 Enoch; the text here in Jude differs in some respects from the extant text of this pseudepigraphic book. It is sometimes suggested that Jude may instead have been quoting from oral tradition which had roots older than the written text.
Isaiah 9:17
New English Translation
17 So the Lord was not pleased[a] with their young men,
he took no pity[b] on their orphans and widows;
for the whole nation was godless[c] and did wicked things,[d]
every mouth was speaking disgraceful words.[e]
Despite all this, his anger does not subside,
and his hand is ready to strike again.[f]
Footnotes
- Isaiah 9:17 tn The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has לא יחמול (“he did not spare”) which is an obvious attempt to tighten the parallelism (note “he took no pity” in the next line). Instead of taking שָׂמַח (samakh) in one of its well attested senses (“rejoice over, be pleased with”), some propose, with support from Arabic, a rare homonymic root meaning “be merciful.”
- Isaiah 9:17 tn The translation understands the prefixed verbs יִשְׂמַח (yismakh) and יְרַחֵם (yerakhem) as preterites without vav (ו) consecutive. (See v. 11 and the note on “he stirred up.”)
- Isaiah 9:17 tn Or “defiled”; cf. ASV “profane”; NAB “profaned”; NIV “ungodly.”
- Isaiah 9:17 tn מֵרַע (meraʿ) is a Hiphil participle from רָעַע (raʿaʿ, “be evil”). The intransitive Hiphil has an exhibitive force here, indicating that they exhibited outwardly the evidence of an inward condition by committing evil deeds.
- Isaiah 9:17 tn Or “foolishness” (NASB), here in a moral-ethical sense.
- Isaiah 9:17 tn Heb “in all this his anger is not turned, and still his hand is outstretched.”sn See the note at 9:12.
Isaiah 32:6
New English Translation
6 For a fool speaks disgraceful things;[a]
his mind plans out sinful deeds.[b]
He commits godless deeds[c]
and says misleading things about the Lord;
he gives the hungry nothing to satisfy their appetite[d]
and gives the thirsty nothing to drink.[e]
Footnotes
- Isaiah 32:6 tn Or “foolishness,” in a moral-ethical sense. See 9:17.
- Isaiah 32:6 tn Heb “and his heart commits sin”; KJV, ASV “his heart will work iniquity”; NASB “inclines toward wickedness.”
- Isaiah 32:6 tn Heb “in order to do [or “so that he does”] what is godless [or “defiled”].”
- Isaiah 32:6 tn Heb “so that he leaves empty the appetite [or “desire”] of the hungry.”
- Isaiah 32:6 tn Heb “and the drink of the thirsty he causes to fail.”
1 Timothy 1:9
New English Translation
9 realizing that law[a] is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers,
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- 1 Timothy 1:9 sn Law. There is no definite article (“the”) with this word in Greek and so the inherent quality of the OT law as such is in view. But the OT law is still in mind, since the types of sinful people surveyed in vv. 9b-11a follow the general outline of sins prohibited in the Decalogue.
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