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Tercer signo (5,1-47)

El paralítico de Betzata

Después de esto, Jesús subió a Jerusalén con motivo de una fiesta judía. Hay en Jerusalén, cerca de la puerta llamada de las Ovejas, un estanque conocido con el nombre hebreo de Betzata, que tiene cinco soportales. En estos soportales había una multitud de enfermos recostados en el suelo: ciegos, cojos y paralíticos. Había entre ellos un hombre que llevaba enfermo treinta y ocho años. Jesús, al verlo allí tendido y sabiendo que llevaba tanto tiempo, le preguntó:

— ¿Quieres curarte?

El enfermo le contestó:

— Señor, no tengo a nadie que me meta en el estanque una vez que el agua ha sido agitada. Cuando llego, ya otro se me ha adelantado.

Entonces Jesús le ordenó:

— Levántate, recoge tu camilla y vete.

En aquel mismo instante, el enfermo quedó curado, recogió su camilla y comenzó a andar. Pero aquel día era sábado. 10 Así que los judíos dijeron al que había sido curado:

— Hoy es sábado y está prohibido que cargues con tu camilla.

11 Él respondió:

— El que me curó me dijo que recogiera mi camilla y me fuera.

12 Ellos le preguntaron:

— ¿Quién es ese hombre que te dijo que recogieras tu camilla y te fueras?

13 Pero el que había sido curado no lo sabía, pues Jesús había desaparecido entre la muchedumbre allí reunida.

14 Poco después, Jesús se encontró con él en el Templo y le dijo:

— Ya ves que has sido curado; no vuelvas a pecar para que no te suceda algo peor.

15 Se marchó aquel hombre e hizo saber a los judíos que era Jesús quien lo había curado. 16 Y como Jesús no se privaba de hacer tales cosas en sábado, los judíos no dejaban de perseguirlo. 17 Pero él les replicaba diciendo:

— Mi Padre no cesa nunca de trabajar, y lo mismo hago yo.

18 Esta afirmación provocó en los judíos un mayor deseo de matarlo, porque no sólo no respetaba el sábado, sino que además decía que Dios era su propio Padre, haciéndose así igual a Dios.

La autoridad del Hijo

19 Jesús, entonces, se dirigió a ellos diciendo:

— Yo les aseguro que el Hijo no puede hacer nada por su propia cuenta; él hace únicamente lo que ve hacer al Padre. Lo que hace el Padre, eso hace también el Hijo. 20 Pues el Padre ama al Hijo y le hace partícipe de todas sus obras. Y le hará partícipe de cosas mayores todavía, de modo que ustedes mismos quedarán maravillados. 21 Porque así como el Padre resucita a los muertos, dándoles vida, así también el Hijo da vida a los que quiere.

22 El Padre no juzga a nadie; todo el poder de juzgar se lo ha dado al Hijo. 23 Y quiere que todos den al Hijo el mismo honor que dan al Padre. El que no honra al Hijo, tampoco honra al Padre que lo ha enviado. 24 Yo les aseguro que el que acepta mi palabra y cree en el que me ha enviado, tiene vida eterna; no será condenado, sino que ha pasado ya de la muerte a la vida.

25 Les aseguro que está llegando el momento, mejor dicho, ha llegado ya, en que los muertos oirán la voz del Hijo de Dios, y los que la oigan volverán a la vida. 26 Pues lo mismo que el Padre tiene la vida en sí mismo, también le concedió al Hijo el tenerla, 27 y le dio autoridad para juzgar, porque es el Hijo del hombre. 28 No se admiren ustedes de lo que estoy diciendo, porque llegará el momento en que todos los muertos oirán su voz 29 y saldrán de las tumbas. Los que hicieron el bien, para una resurrección de vida; los que obraron el mal, para una resurrección de condena.

Testigos a favor de Jesús

30 Yo no puedo hacer nada por mi propia cuenta. Conforme el Padre me dicta, así juzgo. Mi juicio es justo, porque no pretendo actuar según mis deseos, sino según los deseos del que me ha enviado. 31 Si me presentara como testigo de mí mismo, mi testimonio carecería de valor. 32 Es otro el que testifica a mi favor, y yo sé que su testimonio a mi favor es plenamente válido.

33 Ustedes mismos enviaron una comisión a preguntar a Juan, y él dio testimonio a favor de la verdad. 34 Y no es que yo tenga necesidad de testimonios humanos; si digo esto, es para que ustedes puedan salvarse. 35 Juan el Bautista era como una lámpara encendida que alumbraba; y ustedes estuvieron dispuestos a alegrarse por breve tiempo con su luz. 36 Pero yo tengo a mi favor un testimonio de mayor valor que el de Juan: las obras que el Padre me encargó llevar a feliz término, y que yo ahora realizo, son las que dan testimonio a mi favor de que el Padre me ha enviado.

37 También habla a mi favor el Padre que me envió, aunque ustedes nunca han oído su voz ni han visto su rostro. 38 No han acogido su palabra como lo prueba el hecho de que no han creído a su enviado. 39 Ustedes estudian las Escrituras pensando que contienen vida eterna; pues bien, precisamente las Escrituras dan testimonio a mi favor. 40 A pesar de ello, ustedes no quieren aceptarme para obtener esa vida.

41 Yo no busco honores humanos. 42 Además, los conozco muy bien y sé que no aman a Dios. 43 Yo he venido de parte de mi Padre, pero ustedes no me aceptan; en cambio, aceptarían a cualquier otro que viniera en nombre propio. 44 ¿Cómo van a creer, si sólo se preocupan de recibir honores los unos de los otros y no se interesan por el verdadero honor, que viene del Dios único? 45 Por lo demás, no piensen que voy a ser yo quien les acuse ante mi Padre; les acusará Moisés, el mismo Moisés en quien ustedes tienen puesta su esperanza. 46 Él escribió acerca de mí; por eso, si creyeran a Moisés, también me creerían a mí. 47 Pero si no creen lo que él escribió, ¿cómo van a creer lo que yo digo?

Chapter 5[a]

Cure on a Sabbath. After this, there was a feast[b] of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.(A) Now there is in Jerusalem at the Sheep [Gate][c] a pool called in Hebrew Bethesda, with five porticoes.(B) In these lay a large number of ill, blind, lame, and crippled.[d] [][e] One man was there who had been ill for thirty-eight years. When Jesus saw him lying there and knew that he had been ill for a long time, he said to him, “Do you want to be well?” The sick man answered him, “Sir, I have no one to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up; while I am on my way, someone else gets down there before me.” Jesus said to him, “Rise, take up your mat, and walk.”(C) Immediately the man became well, took up his mat, and walked.(D)

Now that day was a sabbath. 10 So the Jews said to the man who was cured, “It is the sabbath, and it is not lawful for you to carry your mat.”(E) 11 He answered them, “The man who made me well told me, ‘Take up your mat and walk.’” 12 They asked him, “Who is the man who told you, ‘Take it up and walk’?” 13 The man who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had slipped away, since there was a crowd there.(F) 14 [f]After this Jesus found him in the temple area and said to him,(G) “Look, you are well; do not sin any more, so that nothing worse may happen to you.” 15 The man went and told the Jews that Jesus was the one who had made him well. 16 Therefore, the Jews began to persecute Jesus because he did this on a sabbath.(H) 17 [g]But Jesus answered them,(I) “My Father is at work until now, so I am at work.” 18 For this reason the Jews tried all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the sabbath but he also called God his own father, making himself equal to God.(J)

The Work of the Son. 19 [h]Jesus answered and said to them, “Amen, amen, I say to you, a son cannot do anything on his own, but only what he sees his father doing;(K) for what he does, his son will do also. 20 For the Father loves his Son and shows him everything that he himself does, and he will show him greater works than these, so that you may be amazed.(L) 21 For just as the Father raises the dead and gives life,[i] so also does the Son give life to whomever he wishes.(M) 22 Nor does the Father judge anyone, but he has given all judgment[j] to his Son,(N) 23 so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him. 24 Amen, amen, I say to you, whoever hears my word and believes in the one who sent me has eternal life and will not come to condemnation, but has passed from death to life.(O) 25 Amen, amen, I say to you, the hour is coming and is now here when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.(P) 26 For just as the Father has life in himself, so also he gave to his Son the possession of life in himself.(Q) 27 And he gave him power to exercise judgment, because he is the Son of Man.(R) 28 [k]Do not be amazed at this, because the hour is coming in which all who are in the tombs will hear his voice(S) 29 and will come out, those who have done good deeds to the resurrection of life, but those who have done wicked deeds to the resurrection of condemnation.(T)

30 “I cannot do anything on my own; I judge as I hear, and my judgment is just, because I do not seek my own will but the will of the one who sent me.(U)

Witnesses to Jesus. 31 (V)“If I testify on my own behalf, my testimony cannot be verified. 32 But there is another[l] who testifies on my behalf, and I know that the testimony he gives on my behalf is true. 33 You sent emissaries to John, and he testified to the truth.(W) 34 I do not accept testimony from a human being, but I say this so that you may be saved.(X) 35 He was a burning and shining lamp,[m] and for a while you were content to rejoice in his light.(Y) 36 But I have testimony greater than John’s. The works that the Father gave me to accomplish, these works that I perform testify on my behalf that the Father has sent me.(Z) 37 Moreover, the Father who sent me has testified on my behalf. But you have never heard his voice nor seen his form,(AA) 38 and you do not have his word remaining in you, because you do not believe in the one whom he has sent.(AB) 39 You search[n] the scriptures, because you think you have eternal life through them; even they testify on my behalf.(AC) 40 But you do not want to come to me to have life.

Unbelief of Jesus’ Hearers. 41 “I do not accept human praise;[o] 42 moreover, I know that you do not have the love of God in you.(AD) 43 I came in the name of my Father, but you do not accept me; yet if another comes in his own name, you will accept him.(AE) 44 How can you believe, when you accept praise from one another and do not seek the praise that comes from the only God?(AF) 45 Do not think that I will accuse you before the Father: the one who will accuse you is Moses, in whom you have placed your hope.(AG) 46 For if you had believed Moses, you would have believed me, because he wrote about me.(AH) 47 But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe my words?”

Footnotes

  1. 5:1–47 The self-revelation of Jesus continues in Jerusalem at a feast. The third sign (cf. Jn 2:11; 4:54) is performed, the cure of a paralytic by Jesus’ life-giving word. The water of the pool fails to bring life; Jesus’ word does.
  2. 5:1 The reference in Jn 5:45–46 to Moses suggests that the feast was Pentecost. The connection of that feast with the giving of the law to Moses on Sinai, attested in later Judaism, may already have been made in the first century. The feast could also be Passover (cf. Jn 6:4). John stresses that the day was a sabbath (Jn 5:9).
  3. 5:2 There is no noun with Sheep. “Gate” is supplied on the grounds that there must have been a gate in the NE wall of the temple area where animals for sacrifice were brought in; cf. Neh 3:1, 32; 12:39. Hebrew: more precisely, Aramaic. Bethesda: preferred to variants “Be(th)zatha” and “Bethsaida”; bêt-’ešdatayīn is given as the name of a double pool northeast of the temple area in the Qumran Copper Roll. Five porticoes: a pool excavated in Jerusalem actually has five porticoes.
  4. 5:3 The Caesarean and Western recensions, followed by the Vulgate, add “waiting for the movement of the water.” Apparently an intermittent spring in the pool bubbled up occasionally (see Jn 5:7). This turbulence was believed to cure.
  5. 5:4 Toward the end of the second century in the West and among the fourth-century Greek Fathers, an additional verse was known: “For [from time to time] an angel of the Lord used to come down into the pool; and the water was stirred up, so the first one to get in [after the stirring of the water] was healed of whatever disease afflicted him.” The angel was a popular explanation of the turbulence and the healing powers attributed to it. This verse is missing from all early Greek manuscripts and the earliest versions, including the original Vulgate. Its vocabulary is markedly non-Johannine.
  6. 5:14 While the cure of the paralytic in Mk 2:1–12 is associated with the forgiveness of sins, Jesus never drew a one-to-one connection between sin and suffering (cf. Jn 9:3; Lk 12:1–5), as did Ez 18:20.
  7. 5:17 Sabbath observance (Jn 5:10) was based on God’s resting on the seventh day (cf. Gn 2:2–3; Ex 20:11). Philo and some rabbis insisted that God’s providence remains active on the sabbath, keeping all things in existence, giving life in birth and taking it away in death. Other rabbis taught that God rested from creating, but not from judging (= ruling, governing). Jesus here claims the same authority to work as the Father, and, in the discourse that follows, the same divine prerogatives: power over life and death (Jn 5:21, 24–26) and judgment (Jn 5:22, 27).
  8. 5:19 This proverb or parable is taken from apprenticeship in a trade: the activity of a son is modeled on that of his father. Jesus’ dependence on the Father is justification for doing what the Father does.
  9. 5:21 Gives life: in the Old Testament, a divine prerogative (Dt 32:39; 1 Sm 2:6; 2 Kgs 5:7; Tb 13:2; Is 26:19; Dn 12:2).
  10. 5:22 Judgment: another divine prerogative, often expressed as acquittal or condemnation (Dt 32:36; Ps 43:1).
  11. 5:28–29 While Jn 5:19–27 present realized eschatology, Jn 5:28–29 are future eschatology; cf. Dn 12:2.
  12. 5:32 Another: likely the Father, who in four different ways gives testimony to Jesus, as indicated in the verse groupings Jn 5:33–34, 36, 37–38, 39–40.
  13. 5:35 Lamp: cf. Ps 132:17—“I will place a lamp for my anointed (= David),” and possibly the description of Elijah in Sir 48:1. But only for a while, indicating the temporary and subordinate nature of John’s mission.
  14. 5:39 You search: this may be an imperative: “Search the scriptures, because you think that you have eternal life through them.”
  15. 5:41 Praise: the same Greek word means “praise” or “honor” (from others) and “glory” (from God). There is a play on this in Jn 5:44.

The Healing at the Pool

Some time later, Jesus went up to Jerusalem for one of the Jewish festivals. Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate(A) a pool, which in Aramaic(B) is called Bethesda[a] and which is surrounded by five covered colonnades. Here a great number of disabled people used to lie—the blind, the lame, the paralyzed. [4] [b] One who was there had been an invalid for thirty-eight years. When Jesus saw him lying there and learned that he had been in this condition for a long time, he asked him, “Do you want to get well?”

“Sir,” the invalid replied, “I have no one to help me into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am trying to get in, someone else goes down ahead of me.”

Then Jesus said to him, “Get up! Pick up your mat and walk.”(C) At once the man was cured; he picked up his mat and walked.

The day on which this took place was a Sabbath,(D) 10 and so the Jewish leaders(E) said to the man who had been healed, “It is the Sabbath; the law forbids you to carry your mat.”(F)

11 But he replied, “The man who made me well said to me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’

12 So they asked him, “Who is this fellow who told you to pick it up and walk?”

13 The man who was healed had no idea who it was, for Jesus had slipped away into the crowd that was there.

14 Later Jesus found him at the temple and said to him, “See, you are well again. Stop sinning(G) or something worse may happen to you.” 15 The man went away and told the Jewish leaders(H) that it was Jesus who had made him well.

The Authority of the Son

16 So, because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jewish leaders began to persecute him. 17 In his defense Jesus said to them, “My Father(I) is always at his work(J) to this very day, and I too am working.” 18 For this reason they tried all the more to kill him;(K) not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God.(L)

19 Jesus gave them this answer: “Very truly I tell you, the Son can do nothing by himself;(M) he can do only what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does the Son also does. 20 For the Father loves the Son(N) and shows him all he does. Yes, and he will show him even greater works than these,(O) so that you will be amazed. 21 For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life,(P) even so the Son gives life(Q) to whom he is pleased to give it. 22 Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son,(R) 23 that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father, who sent him.(S)

24 “Very truly I tell you, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me(T) has eternal life(U) and will not be judged(V) but has crossed over from death to life.(W) 25 Very truly I tell you, a time is coming and has now come(X) when the dead will hear(Y) the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life(Z) in himself. 27 And he has given him authority to judge(AA) because he is the Son of Man.

28 “Do not be amazed at this, for a time is coming(AB) when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out—those who have done what is good will rise to live, and those who have done what is evil will rise to be condemned.(AC) 30 By myself I can do nothing;(AD) I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just,(AE) for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me.(AF)

Testimonies About Jesus

31 “If I testify about myself, my testimony is not true.(AG) 32 There is another who testifies in my favor,(AH) and I know that his testimony about me is true.

33 “You have sent to John and he has testified(AI) to the truth. 34 Not that I accept human testimony;(AJ) but I mention it that you may be saved.(AK) 35 John was a lamp that burned and gave light,(AL) and you chose for a time to enjoy his light.

36 “I have testimony weightier than that of John.(AM) For the works that the Father has given me to finish—the very works that I am doing(AN)—testify that the Father has sent me.(AO) 37 And the Father who sent me has himself testified concerning me.(AP) You have never heard his voice nor seen his form,(AQ) 38 nor does his word dwell in you,(AR) for you do not believe(AS) the one he sent.(AT) 39 You study[c] the Scriptures(AU) diligently because you think that in them you have eternal life.(AV) These are the very Scriptures that testify about me,(AW) 40 yet you refuse to come to me(AX) to have life.

41 “I do not accept glory from human beings,(AY) 42 but I know you. I know that you do not have the love of God in your hearts. 43 I have come in my Father’s name, and you do not accept me; but if someone else comes in his own name, you will accept him. 44 How can you believe since you accept glory from one another but do not seek the glory that comes from the only God[d]?(AZ)

45 “But do not think I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses,(BA) on whom your hopes are set.(BB) 46 If you believed Moses, you would believe me, for he wrote about me.(BC) 47 But since you do not believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?”(BD)

Footnotes

  1. John 5:2 Some manuscripts Bethzatha; other manuscripts Bethsaida
  2. John 5:4 Some manuscripts include here, wholly or in part, paralyzed—and they waited for the moving of the waters. From time to time an angel of the Lord would come down and stir up the waters. The first one into the pool after each such disturbance would be cured of whatever disease they had.
  3. John 5:39 Or 39 Study
  4. John 5:44 Some early manuscripts the Only One