Joshua 9
New English Translation
The Gibeonites Deceive Israel
9 When the news reached all the kings on the west side of the Jordan[a]—in the hill country, the foothills,[b] and all along the Mediterranean coast[c] as far as[d] Lebanon (including the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)— 2 they formed an alliance to fight against Joshua and Israel.[e]
3 When the residents of Gibeon heard what Joshua did to Jericho and Ai, 4 they did something clever. They collected some provisions[f] and put worn-out sacks on their donkeys, along with worn-out wineskins that were ripped and patched. 5 They had worn-out, patched sandals on their feet and dressed in worn-out clothes. All their bread[g] was dry and hard.[h] 6 They came to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal and said to him and the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land. Make a treaty with us.” 7 The men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you live near us.[i] So how can we make a treaty with you?” 8 But they said to Joshua, “We are willing to be your subjects.”[j] So Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?” 9 They told him, “Your subjects[k] have come from a very distant land because of the reputation[l] of the Lord your God, for we have heard the news about all he did in Egypt[m] 10 and all he did to the two Amorite kings on the other side of the Jordan—King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan in Ashtaroth. 11 Our leaders and all who live in our land told us, ‘Take provisions for your journey and go meet them. Tell them, “We are willing to be your subjects.[n] Make a treaty with us.”’ 12 This bread of ours was warm when we packed it in our homes the day we started out to meet you,[o] but now it is dry and hard.[p] 13 These wineskins we filled were brand new, but look how they have ripped. Our clothes and sandals have worn out because it has been a very long journey.” 14 The men examined[q] some of their provisions, but they failed to ask the Lord’s advice.[r] 15 Joshua made a peace treaty with them and agreed to let them live. The leaders of the community[s] sealed it with an oath.[t]
16 Three days after they made the treaty with them, the Israelites found out they were from the local area and lived nearby.[u] 17 So the Israelites set out and on the third day arrived at their cities—Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim. 18 The Israelites did not attack them because the leaders of the community had sworn an oath to them in the name of the Lord God of Israel.[v] The whole community criticized[w] the leaders, 19 but all the leaders told the whole community, “We swore an oath to them in the name of[x] the Lord God of Israel! So now we can’t hurt[y] them. 20 We must let them live so we can escape the curse attached to the oath we swore to them.”[z] 21 The leaders then added,[aa] “Let them live.” So they became[ab] woodcutters and water carriers for the whole community, as the leaders had decided.[ac]
22 [ad] Joshua summoned the Gibeonites[ae] and said to them, “Why did you trick[af] us by saying, ‘We live far away from you,’ when you really live nearby?[ag] 23 Now you are condemned to perpetual servitude as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”[ah] 24 They said to Joshua, “It was carefully reported to your subjects[ai] how the Lord your God commanded Moses his servant to assign you the whole land and to destroy all who live in the land from before you. Because of you we were terrified[aj] we would lose our lives, so we did this thing. 25 So now we are in your power.[ak] Do to us what you think is good and appropriate.”[al] 26 Joshua did as they said; he kept the Israelites from killing them[am] 27 and that day made them woodcutters and water carriers for the community and for the altar of the Lord at the divinely chosen site. (They continue in that capacity to this very day.)[an]
Footnotes
- Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan heard.”
- Joshua 9:1 tn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the transition region between the hill country and the coastal plains.
- Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “all the coast of the Great Sea.” The “Great Sea” was the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
- Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “in front of.”
- Joshua 9:2 tn Heb “they gathered together to fight against Joshua and Israel [with] one mouth.”
- Joshua 9:4 tc Heb “and they went and [?].” The root and meaning of the verb form יִצְטַיָּרוּ (yitstayyaru) are uncertain. The Hebrew text form most likely should be יִצְטַיָּדוּ (yitstayyadu), read by some Hebrew mss and ancient versions, from the root צוּד (tsud, “take provisions,” BDB 845 s.v. II צוד) which also occurs in v. 11. Note NRSV “they went and prepared provisions”; cf. NEB “They went and disguised themselves”; NIV “they went as a delegation.”
- Joshua 9:5 tn Heb “all the bread of their provisions.”
- Joshua 9:5 tn Or “moldy.”
- Joshua 9:7 tn Heb “in our midst.”
- Joshua 9:8 tn Heb “we are your servants.”
- Joshua 9:9 tn Or “servants.”
- Joshua 9:9 tn Heb “name.”
- Joshua 9:9 tn Heb “the report about him, all that he did in Egypt.”
- Joshua 9:11 tn Heb “your servants.”
- Joshua 9:12 tn Heb “in the day we went out to come to you.”
- Joshua 9:12 tn Or “moldy.”
- Joshua 9:14 tn Heb “took.” This probably means they tasted some of the food to make sure it was stale.
- Joshua 9:14 tn Heb “but they did not ask the mouth of the Lord.” This refers to seeking the Lord’s will and guidance through an oracle.
- Joshua 9:15 tn Or “assembly.”
- Joshua 9:15 tn Heb “Joshua made peace with them and made a treaty with them to let them live, and the leaders of the community swore an oath to them.”
- Joshua 9:16 tn Heb “At the end of three days, after they made the treaty with them, they heard that they were neighbors to them and in their midst they were living.”
- Joshua 9:18 tn Heb “by the Lord God of Israel.”
- Joshua 9:18 tn Or “grumbled against.”
- Joshua 9:19 tn Heb “to them by….”
- Joshua 9:19 tn Or “touch.”
- Joshua 9:20 tn Heb “This is what we will do to them, keeping them alive so there will not be upon us anger concerning the oath which we swore to them.”
- Joshua 9:21 tc Heb “and the leaders said to them.” The LXX omits the words “and the leaders said to them.”
- Joshua 9:21 tn The vav (ו) consecutive construction in the Hebrew text suggests that the narrative resumes at this point. The LXX reads here, “and they will be,” understanding what follows to be a continuation of the leaders’ words rather than a comment by the narrator.
- Joshua 9:21 tn Heb “as the leaders said to them.”
- Joshua 9:22 sn Verses 22-27 appear to elaborate on v. 21b.
- Joshua 9:22 tn Heb “them.”
- Joshua 9:22 tn Or “deceive.”
- Joshua 9:22 tn Heb “live in our midst?”
- Joshua 9:23 tn Heb “Now you are cursed and a servant will not be cut off from you, woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”
- Joshua 9:24 tn Heb “your servants.”
- Joshua 9:24 tn Or “we were very afraid.”
- Joshua 9:25 tn Heb “so now, look, we are in your hand.”
- Joshua 9:25 tn Heb “according to what is good and according to what is upright in your eyes to do us, do.”
- Joshua 9:26 tn Heb “And he did to them so and he rescued them from the hand of the sons of Israel and they did not kill them.”
- Joshua 9:27 tn Heb “and Joshua made them in that day woodcutters and water carriers for the community, and for the altar of the Lord to this day at the place which he chooses.”
Joshua 9
Revised Geneva Translation
9 And when all the kings who were beyond Jordan, in the mountains and in the valleys, and by all the borders of the Great Sea, opposite Lebanon (the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites) heard of it,
2 they gathered themselves together to fight against Joshua and against Israel, with one accord.
3 But the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai.
4 And therefore they worked craftily. They went, and pretended to be ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their donkeys, and old bottles for wine, both torn and mended,
5 and old spotted shoes upon their feet. Also the clothing upon them was old, and all their provision of bread was dried and molded.
6 So they came to Joshua, into the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country. Now, therefore, make an alliance with us.”
7 Then the men of Israel said to the Hivites, “It may be that you dwell among us; how, then, can I make an alliance with you?”
8 And they said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” Then Joshua said to them, “Who are you? And from where have you come?”
9 And they answered him, “Your servants have come from a very far country for the Name of the LORD your God. For we have heard His fame and all that He has done in Egypt,
10 “and all that He has done to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond Jordan—to Sihon, king of Heshbon and to Og, king of Bashan— who were at Ashtaroth.
11 “Therefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take provisions with you for the journey and go to meet them, and say to them, “We are your servants. Now, therefore, make an alliance with us.”’
12 “This, our bread, we took hot with us out of our houses for provisions the day we departed to come to you. But now, behold, it is dried and it is molded.
13 “Also, these bottles of wine which we filled were new. And lo, they are torn. And these our garments and our shoes are old by reason of the exceedingly great journey.”
14 And the men accepted their tale concerning their provisions and did not counsel with the mouth of the LORD.
15 So Joshua made peace with them, and made an alliance with them, and allowed them to live. Also, the princes of the Congregation swore to them.
16 But at the end of three days, after they had made an alliance with them, they heard that they were their neighbors and that they dwelt among them.
17 And the children of Israel took their journey, and came to their cities on the third day. And their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth and Kirjath Jearim.
18 And the children of Israel did not kill them, because the princes of the Congregation had sworn to them by the LORD God of Israel. Therefore, all the Congregation murmured against the princes.
19 Then, all the princes said to all the Congregation, “We have sworn to them by the LORD God of Israel. Now, therefore, we may not touch them.
20 “This we will do to them, and let them live, lest the Wrath be upon us because of the oath which we swore to them.”
21 And the princes said to them again, “Let them live. But they shall cut wood and draw water for all the Congregation, as the princes appoint them.”
22 Joshua then called them, and talked with them, and said, “Why have you tricked us, saying, ‘We are very far from you’, when you dwell among us?
23 “Now, therefore, you are accursed. And there shall be none of you freed from being bondmen, and woodcutters, and drawers of water for the House of my God.”
24 And they answered Joshua, and said, “Because it was told to your servants that the LORD your God had commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land not within your sight, therefore we were exceedingly very afraid for our lives at the presence of you, and have done this thing.
25 “And behold now, we are in your hand. Do as seems good and right in your eyes to do to us.”
26 And so he did to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they did not kill them.
27 And Joshua appointed them on that same day to be woodcutters and drawers of water for the Congregation and for the Altar of the LORD, until this day, in the place which he would choose.
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