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The Gibeonites Save Themselves by Trickery

Now when all the kings who were beyond the Jordan in the hill country and in the lowland all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon—the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites—heard of this, they gathered together with one accord to fight Joshua and Israel.

But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai, they on their part acted with cunning: they went and prepared provisions,[a] and took worn-out sacks for their donkeys, and wineskins, worn-out and torn and mended, with worn-out, patched sandals on their feet, and worn-out clothes; and all their provisions were dry and moldy. They went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the Israelites, “We have come from a far country; so now make a treaty with us.” But the Israelites said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you live among us; then how can we make a treaty with you?” They said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” And Joshua said to them, “Who are you? And where do you come from?” They said to him, “Your servants have come from a very far country, because of the name of the Lord your God; for we have heard a report of him, of all that he did in Egypt, 10 and of all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, King Sihon of Heshbon, and King Og of Bashan who lived in Ashtaroth. 11 So our elders and all the inhabitants of our country said to us, ‘Take provisions in your hand for the journey; go to meet them, and say to them, “We are your servants; come now, make a treaty with us.”’ 12 Here is our bread; it was still warm when we took it from our houses as our food for the journey, on the day we set out to come to you, but now, see, it is dry and moldy; 13 these wineskins were new when we filled them, and see, they are burst; and these garments and sandals of ours are worn out from the very long journey.” 14 So the leaders[b] partook of their provisions, and did not ask direction from the Lord. 15 And Joshua made peace with them, guaranteeing their lives by a treaty; and the leaders of the congregation swore an oath to them.

16 But when three days had passed after they had made a treaty with them, they heard that they were their neighbors and were living among them. 17 So the Israelites set out and reached their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim. 18 But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel. Then all the congregation murmured against the leaders. 19 But all the leaders said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel, and now we must not touch them. 20 This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that wrath may not come upon us, because of the oath that we swore to them.” 21 The leaders said to them, “Let them live.” So they became hewers of wood and drawers of water for all the congregation, as the leaders had decided concerning them.

22 Joshua summoned them, and said to them, “Why did you deceive us, saying, ‘We are very far from you,’ while in fact you are living among us? 23 Now therefore you are cursed, and some of you shall always be slaves, hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.” 24 They answered Joshua, “Because it was told to your servants for a certainty that the Lord your God had commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land before you; so we were in great fear for our lives because of you, and did this thing. 25 And now we are in your hand: do as it seems good and right in your sight to do to us.” 26 This is what he did for them: he saved them from the Israelites; and they did not kill them. 27 But on that day Joshua made them hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, to continue to this day, in the place that he should choose.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 9:4 Cn: Meaning of Heb uncertain
  2. Joshua 9:14 Gk: Heb men

La ruse des Gabaonites

La nouvelle de ces événements parvint à tous les rois des pays situés à l’ouest du Jourdain, dans la région des montagnes, dans la plaine côtière et sur tout le littoral de la Méditerranée jusqu’en face du Liban : les rois des Hittites, des Amoréens, des Cananéens, des Phéréziens, des Héviens et des Yebousiens. Alors ils s’assemblèrent pour combattre Josué et les Israélites sous un commandement unique.

Par contre, les habitants de Gabaon[a], en apprenant comment Josué avait traité Jéricho et Aï, décidèrent de recourir à la ruse : ils partirent déguisés[b] et chargèrent leurs ânes de sacs usés et d’outres à vin usées, trouées et rapiécées. Ils chaussèrent de vieilles sandales raccommodées et endossèrent des vêtements en lambeaux ; ils prirent en guise de provision du pain dur et tout moisi. Ils se rendirent ainsi au camp de Guilgal et vinrent trouver Josué auquel ils dirent en présence des hommes d’Israël : Nous arrivons d’un pays lointain pour vous prier de conclure une alliance avec nous.

Les Israélites répondirent à ces Héviens[c] : Qui sait si vous n’êtes pas des habitants du voisinage ? Dans ce cas, nous ne pouvons pas conclure une alliance avec vous[d].

Ils déclarèrent à Josué : Nous voulons être tes serviteurs.

– Mais qui êtes-vous, leur demanda Josué, et d’où venez-vous ?

Ils lui répondirent : Tes serviteurs viennent d’un pays très éloigné à cause du renom de l’Eternel ton Dieu : nous avons entendu parler de lui et de tout ce qu’il a fait en Egypte, 10 et comment il a traité les deux rois des Amoréens qui régnaient de l’autre côté du Jourdain, Sihôn, roi de Heshbôn, et Og, roi du Basan, qui résidait à Ashtaroth[e]. 11 Alors nos responsables et tous les habitants de notre pays nous ont dit : « Emportez des provisions pour le voyage, allez trouver les Israélites et dites-leur : Nous voulons être vos serviteurs, concluez une alliance avec nous. » 12 Regardez notre pain, il était encore tout chaud quand nous l’avons pris pour nos provisions dans nos maisons, quand nous nous sommes mis en route pour venir vous trouver et le voilà maintenant dur et tout moisi ! 13 Regardez nos outres de vin : elles étaient neuves quand nous les avons remplies, les voilà maintenant déchirées ; voyez comme nos vêtements et nos sandales se sont usés à cause du long voyage que nous avons fait.

14 Les hommes d’Israël prirent de leurs provisions, mais ils ne consultèrent pas l’Eternel à ce sujet. 15 Josué fit la paix avec eux et conclut une alliance leur garantissant la vie sauve par un serment des responsables de la communauté[f].

L’alliance avec les Gabaonites

16 Trois jours après avoir conclu cette alliance avec eux, les Israélites apprirent qu’ils avaient eu affaire à de proches voisins qui demeuraient dans la région même. 17 En effet, après avoir quitté leur camp, ils parvinrent à leurs villes le troisième jour de marche, c’est-à-dire à Gabaon, Kephira, Beéroth et Qiryath-Yearim. 18 A cause du serment que les responsables du peuple leur avaient prêté au nom de l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, ils ne les tuèrent pas. Tout le peuple se mit à critiquer les responsables, 19 mais ceux-ci répondirent : Nous avons prêté serment par l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, nous ne pouvons donc pas faire de mal à ces gens. 20 Mais voici comment nous les traiterons : nous allons leur laisser la vie sauve, pour ne pas nous attirer la colère divine en violant le serment que nous leur avons fait.

21 – Donc ils vivront ! leur dirent les responsables. Mais ils seront astreints à couper du bois et à puiser l’eau pour toute la communauté[g].

Telle fut la décision des responsables. 22 Josué convoqua les Gabaonites et leur demanda : Pourquoi nous avez-vous trompés en prétendant que vous habitiez très loin de nous, alors que vous demeurez tout près ? 23 Maintenant, vous êtes sous une malédiction et vous ne cesserez pas d’être esclaves, à couper du bois et à puiser de l’eau pour le sanctuaire de mon Dieu.

24 Les Gabaonites lui répondirent : Nous avons agi de la sorte parce qu’on nous a bien informés que l’Eternel ton Dieu a ordonné à son serviteur Moïse de vous donner tout le pays et de vous demander d’exterminer tous ses habitants au fur et à mesure de votre avance. Alors nous avons eu très peur pour notre vie à votre arrivée ; c’est pourquoi nous avons agi de la sorte. 25 Nous voici maintenant en ton pouvoir, traite-nous comme il te semblera bon et juste.

26 C’est ce que fit Josué : il les protégea des Israélites pour qu’ils ne les mettent pas à mort, 27 et il les chargea des corvées de bois et d’eau pour la communauté et pour l’autel de l’Eternel, au lieu que celui-ci désignerait, fonctions qu’ils exercent encore aujourd’hui.

Footnotes

  1. 9.3 A une dizaine de kilomètres au nord de Jérusalem (Jos 10.2 ; 18.25 ; 21.17). Ville importante en ce temps-là, avec des villages vassaux (v. 17), habitée par des Héviens (v. 7 ; voir Gn 10.17).
  2. 9.4 Certains traduisent : ils partirent en délégation. Certains manuscrits hébreux et les versions anciennes portent : ils prirent des provisions.
  3. 9.7 Groupe ethnique originaire de Mésopotamie (11.19 ; Gn 10.17 ; Ex 23.23 ; Jg 3.3). Désigné sous le nom plus général d’Amoréens en 2 S 21.2.
  4. 9.7 Dt 7.2 ; 20.16-18 interdisait de conclure une telle alliance avec les habitants du pays pour que les Israélites ne se laissent pas contaminer par leur religion.
  5. 9.10 Voir Nb 21.21-35 ; Dt 2.26 à 3.11.
  6. 9.15 Sur les serments, voir Ex 20.7 ; Lv 19.12 ; 1 S 14.24.
  7. 9.21 Travaux inférieurs, souvent réservés aux esclaves.

The Gibeonite Deception

Now when all the kings west of the Jordan heard about these things—the kings in the hill country,(A) in the western foothills, and along the entire coast of the Mediterranean Sea(B) as far as Lebanon(C) (the kings of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites,(D) Hivites(E) and Jebusites)(F) they came together to wage war against Joshua and Israel.

However, when the people of Gibeon(G) heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai,(H) they resorted to a ruse: They went as a delegation whose donkeys were loaded[a] with worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended. They put worn and patched sandals on their feet and wore old clothes. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy. Then they went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal(I) and said to him and the Israelites, “We have come from a distant country;(J) make a treaty(K) with us.”

The Israelites said to the Hivites,(L) “But perhaps you live near us, so how can we make a treaty(M) with you?”

“We are your servants,(N)” they said to Joshua.

But Joshua asked, “Who are you and where do you come from?”

They answered: “Your servants have come from a very distant country(O) because of the fame of the Lord your God. For we have heard reports(P) of him: all that he did in Egypt,(Q) 10 and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites east of the Jordan—Sihon king of Heshbon,(R) and Og king of Bashan,(S) who reigned in Ashtaroth.(T) 11 And our elders and all those living in our country said to us, ‘Take provisions for your journey; go and meet them and say to them, “We are your servants; make a treaty with us.”’ 12 This bread of ours was warm when we packed it at home on the day we left to come to you. But now see how dry and moldy it is. 13 And these wineskins that we filled were new, but see how cracked they are. And our clothes and sandals are worn out by the very long journey.”

14 The Israelites sampled their provisions but did not inquire(U) of the Lord. 15 Then Joshua made a treaty of peace(V) with them to let them live,(W) and the leaders of the assembly ratified it by oath.

16 Three days after they made the treaty with the Gibeonites, the Israelites heard that they were neighbors, living near(X) them. 17 So the Israelites set out and on the third day came to their cities: Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth(Y) and Kiriath Jearim.(Z) 18 But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the assembly had sworn an oath(AA) to them by the Lord, the God of Israel.

The whole assembly grumbled(AB) against the leaders, 19 but all the leaders answered, “We have given them our oath by the Lord, the God of Israel, and we cannot touch them now. 20 This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that God’s wrath will not fall on us for breaking the oath(AC) we swore to them.” 21 They continued, “Let them live,(AD) but let them be woodcutters and water carriers(AE) in the service of the whole assembly.” So the leaders’ promise to them was kept.

22 Then Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said, “Why did you deceive us by saying, ‘We live a long way(AF) from you,’ while actually you live near(AG) us? 23 You are now under a curse:(AH) You will never be released from service as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24 They answered Joshua, “Your servants were clearly told(AI) how the Lord your God had commanded his servant Moses to give you the whole land and to wipe out all its inhabitants from before you. So we feared for our lives because of you, and that is why we did this. 25 We are now in your hands.(AJ) Do to us whatever seems good and right(AK) to you.”

26 So Joshua saved them from the Israelites, and they did not kill them. 27 That day he made the Gibeonites(AL) woodcutters and water carriers(AM) for the assembly, to provide for the needs of the altar of the Lord at the place the Lord would choose.(AN) And that is what they are to this day.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 9:4 Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts, Vulgate and Syriac (see also Septuagint) They prepared provisions and loaded their donkeys

And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof;

That they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.

And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.

And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?

And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye?

And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the Lord thy God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt,

10 And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth.

11 Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, We are your servants: therefore now make ye a league with us.

12 This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and it is mouldy:

13 And these bottles of wine, which we filled, were new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey.

14 And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the Lord.

15 And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.

16 And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them.

17 And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim.

18 And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the Lord God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

19 But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the Lord God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.

20 This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

21 And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.

22 And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us?

23 Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.

24 And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the Lord thy God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25 And now, behold, we are in thine hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do.

26 And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

27 And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the Lord, even unto this day, in the place which he should choose.