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Joshua 7-9
New English Translation

Achan Sins and is Punished

7 But the Israelites disobeyed the command about the city’s riches.[a] Achan son of Carmi, son of Zabdi,[b] son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah, stole some of the riches.[c] The Lord was furious with the Israelites.[d]

2 Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai (which is located near Beth Aven, east of Bethel) and instructed them, “Go up and spy on the land.” So the men went up and spied on Ai. 3 They returned and reported to Joshua,[e] “Don’t send the whole army.[f] About two or three thousand men are adequate to defeat Ai.[g] Don’t tire out the whole army, for Ai is small.”[h]

4 So about 3,000 men went up, but they fled from the men of Ai. 5 The men of Ai killed about thirty-six of them and chased them from in front of the city gate all the way to the fissures[i] and defeated them on the steep slope.[j] The people’s[k] courage melted away like water.[l]

6 Joshua tore his clothes;[m] he and the leaders[n] of Israel lay face down on the ground before the ark of the Lord until evening[o] and threw dirt on their heads.[p] 7 Joshua prayed,[q] “O, Sovereign Lord! Why did you bring these people across the Jordan to hand us over to the Amorites so they could destroy us? If only we had been satisfied to live on the other side of the Jordan! 8 O Lord, what can I say now that Israel has retreated[r] before its enemies? 9 When the Canaanites and all who live in the land hear about this, they will turn against us and destroy the very memory of us[s] from the earth. What will you do to protect your great reputation?”[t]

10 The Lord responded[u] to Joshua, “Get up! Why are you lying there face down?[v] 11 Israel has sinned; they have violated my covenantal commandment![w] They have taken some of the riches;[x] they have stolen them and deceitfully put them among their own possessions.[y] 12 The Israelites are unable to stand before their enemies; they retreat because they have become subject to annihilation.[z] I will no longer be with you,[aa] unless you destroy what has contaminated you.[ab] 13 Get up! Ritually consecrate the people and tell them this: ‘Ritually consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, because this is what the Lord God of Israel has said, “You are contaminated,[ac] O Israel! You will not be able to stand before your enemies until you remove what is contaminating you.”[ad] 14 In the morning you must approach in tribal order.[ae] The tribe the Lord selects[af] must approach by clans. The clan the Lord selects must approach by families.[ag] The family the Lord selects must approach man by man.[ah] 15 The one caught with the riches[ai] must be burned up[aj] along with all who belong to him, because he violated the Lord’s covenant and did such a disgraceful thing in Israel.’”

16 Bright and early the next morning Joshua made Israel approach in tribal order,[ak] and the tribe of Judah was selected. 17 He then made the clans of Judah approach, and the clan of the Zerahites was selected. He made the clan of the Zerahites approach, and Zabdi[al] was selected.[am] 18 He then made Zabdi’s[an] family approach man by man[ao] and Achan son of Carmi, son of Zabdi, son of Zerah, from the tribe of Judah, was selected. 19 So Joshua said to Achan, “My son, honor[ap] the Lord God of Israel and give him praise! Tell me what you did; don’t hide anything from me.” 20 Achan told Joshua, “It is true. I have sinned against the Lord God of Israel in this way:[aq] 21 I saw among the goods we seized a nice robe from Babylon,[ar] 200 silver pieces,[as] and a bar of gold weighing 50 shekels. I wanted them, so I took them. They are hidden in the ground right in the middle of my tent, with the silver underneath.”

22 Joshua sent messengers who ran to the tent. The things were hidden right in his tent, with the silver underneath.[at] 23 They took it all from the middle of the tent, brought it to Joshua and all the Israelites, and placed[au] it before the Lord. 24 Then Joshua and all Israel took Achan, son of Zerah, along with the silver, the robe, the bar of gold, his sons, daughters, oxen, donkeys, sheep, tent, and all that belonged to him and brought them up to the Valley of Disaster.[av] 25 Joshua said, “Why have you brought disaster on[aw] us? The Lord will bring disaster on you today!” All Israel stoned him to death. (They also stoned and burned the others.)[ax] 26 Then they erected over him a large pile of stones (it remains to this very day[ay]) and the Lord’s anger subsided. So that place is called the Valley of Disaster to this very day.

Israel Conquers Ai

8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic![az] Take the whole army with you and march against Ai![ba] See, I am handing over to you[bb] the king of Ai, along with his people, city, and land. 2 Do to Ai and its king what you did to Jericho and its king, except you may plunder its goods and cattle. Set an ambush behind the city.”

3 Joshua and the whole army marched against Ai.[bc] Joshua selected 30,000 brave warriors and sent them out at night. 4 He ordered them, “Look, set an ambush behind the city. Don’t go very far from the city; all of you be ready! 5 I and all the troops[bd] who are with me will approach the city. When they come out to fight us like before, we will retreat from them. 6 They will attack[be] us until we have lured them from the city, for they will say, ‘They are retreating from us like before.’ We will retreat from them. 7 Then you rise up from your hiding place[bf] and seize[bg] the city. The Lord your God will hand it over to you. 8 When you capture the city, set it[bh] on fire in keeping with the Lord’s message. See, I have given you orders.”[bi] 9 Joshua sent them away and they went to their hiding place[bj] west of Ai, between Bethel and Ai.[bk] Joshua spent that night with the army.[bl]

10 Bright and early the next morning Joshua gathered[bm] the army,[bn] and he and the leaders[bo] of Israel marched[bp] at the head of it[bq] to Ai. 11 All the troops that were with him marched up and drew near the city.[br] They camped north of Ai on the other side of the valley.[bs] 12 He took 5,000 men and set an ambush west of the city between Bethel and Ai. 13 The army was in position—the main army north of the city and the rear guard west of the city. That night Joshua went into[bt] the middle of the valley.

14 When the king of Ai and all his people saw Israel, they rushed to get up early. Then the king and the men of the city went out to meet Israel in battle, at the meeting place near the rift valley.[bu] But he did not realize an ambush was waiting for him behind the city.[bv] 15 Joshua and all Israel pretended to be defeated by them, and they retreated along the way to the wilderness. 16 All the reinforcements[bw] in Ai[bx] were ordered[by] to chase them; they chased Joshua and were lured away from the city. 17 No men were left in Ai or Bethel;[bz] they all went out after Israel.[ca] They left the city wide open and chased Israel.

18 The Lord told Joshua, “Hold out toward Ai the curved sword[cb] in your hand, for I am handing the city[cc] over to you.” So Joshua held out toward Ai the curved sword in his hand. 19 When he held out his hand, the men waiting in ambush rose up quickly from their place and attacked.[cd] They entered the city, captured it, and immediately set it on fire. 20 When the men of Ai turned around, they saw[ce] the smoke from the city ascending into the sky and were so shocked they were unable to flee in any direction.[cf] In the meantime the men who were retreating to the wilderness turned against their pursuers. 21 When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that the city was going up in smoke,[cg] they turned around and struck down the men of Ai. 22 At the same time the men who had taken the city came out to fight, and the men of Ai were trapped in the middle.[ch] The Israelites struck them down, leaving no survivors or refugees. 23 But they captured the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

24 When Israel had finished killing all the men[ci] of Ai who had chased them toward the wilderness[cj] (they all fell by the sword),[ck] all Israel returned to Ai and put the sword to it. 25 So 12,000 men and women died[cl] that day, including all the men of Ai. 26 Joshua kept holding out his curved sword until Israel had annihilated all who lived in Ai.[cm] 27 But Israel did plunder the cattle and the goods of the city, in keeping with the Lord’s orders[cn] to Joshua. 28 Joshua burned Ai and made it a permanently uninhabited mound (it remains that way to this very day).[co] 29 He hung the king of Ai on a tree, leaving him exposed until evening.[cp] At sunset Joshua ordered that his corpse be taken down from the tree.[cq] They threw it down at the entrance of the city gate and erected over it a large pile of stones (it remains to this very day).[cr]

Covenant Renewal

30 Then Joshua built an altar for the Lord God of Israel on Mount Ebal, 31 just as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded the Israelites. As described in the law scroll of Moses, it was made with uncut stones untouched by an iron tool.[cs] On it they offered burnt sacrifices to the Lord and sacrificed tokens of peace.[ct] 32 There, in the presence of the Israelites, Joshua inscribed on the stones a duplicate of the law written by Moses.[cu] 33 All the people,[cv] rulers,[cw] leaders, and judges were standing on either side of the ark, in front of the Levitical priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord. Both resident foreigners and native Israelites were there.[cx] Half the people stood in front of Mount Gerizim and the other half in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the Lord’s servant had previously instructed them to do for the formal blessing ceremony.[cy] 34 Then[cz] Joshua read aloud all the words of the law, including the blessings and the curses, just as they are written in the law scroll. 35 Joshua read aloud every commandment Moses had given[da] before the whole assembly of Israel, including the women, children, and resident foreigners who lived among them.[db]

The Gibeonites Deceive Israel

9 When the news reached all the kings on the west side of the Jordan[dc]—in the hill country, the foothills,[dd] and all along the Mediterranean coast[de] as far as[df] Lebanon (including the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)— 2 they formed an alliance to fight against Joshua and Israel.[dg]

3 When the residents of Gibeon heard what Joshua did to Jericho and Ai, 4 they did something clever. They collected some provisions[dh] and put worn-out sacks on their donkeys, along with worn-out wineskins that were ripped and patched. 5 They had worn-out, patched sandals on their feet and dressed in worn-out clothes. All their bread[di] was dry and hard.[dj] 6 They came to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal and said to him and the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land. Make a treaty with us.” 7 The men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you live near us.[dk] So how can we make a treaty with you?” 8 But they said to Joshua, “We are willing to be your subjects.”[dl] So Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?” 9 They told him, “Your subjects[dm] have come from a very distant land because of the reputation[dn] of the Lord your God, for we have heard the news about all he did in Egypt[do] 10 and all he did to the two Amorite kings on the other side of the Jordan—King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan in Ashtaroth. 11 Our leaders and all who live in our land told us, ‘Take provisions for your journey and go meet them. Tell them, “We are willing to be your subjects.[dp] Make a treaty with us.”’ 12 This bread of ours was warm when we packed it in our homes the day we started out to meet you,[dq] but now it is dry and hard.[dr] 13 These wineskins we filled were brand new, but look how they have ripped. Our clothes and sandals have worn out because it has been a very long journey.” 14 The men examined[ds] some of their provisions, but they failed to ask the Lord’s advice.[dt] 15 Joshua made a peace treaty with them and agreed to let them live. The leaders of the community[du] sealed it with an oath.[dv]

16 Three days after they made the treaty with them, the Israelites found out they were from the local area and lived nearby.[dw] 17 So the Israelites set out and on the third day arrived at their cities—Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim. 18 The Israelites did not attack them because the leaders of the community had sworn an oath to them in the name of the Lord God of Israel.[dx] The whole community criticized[dy] the leaders, 19 but all the leaders told the whole community, “We swore an oath to them in the name of[dz] the Lord God of Israel! So now we can’t hurt[ea] them. 20 We must let them live so we can escape the curse attached to the oath we swore to them.”[eb] 21 The leaders then added,[ec] “Let them live.” So they became[ed] woodcutters and water carriers for the whole community, as the leaders had decided.[ee]

22 [ef] Joshua summoned the Gibeonites[eg] and said to them, “Why did you trick[eh] us by saying, ‘We live far away from you,’ when you really live nearby?[ei] 23 Now you are condemned to perpetual servitude as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”[ej] 24 They said to Joshua, “It was carefully reported to your subjects[ek] how the Lord your God commanded Moses his servant to assign you the whole land and to destroy all who live in the land from before you. Because of you we were terrified[el] we would lose our lives, so we did this thing. 25 So now we are in your power.[em] Do to us what you think is good and appropriate.”[en] 26 Joshua did as they said; he kept the Israelites from killing them[eo] 27 and that day made them woodcutters and water carriers for the community and for the altar of the Lord at the divinely chosen site. (They continue in that capacity to this very day.)[ep]

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 7:1 tn Heb “But the sons of Israel were unfaithful with unfaithfulness concerning what was set apart [to the Lord].”
  2. Joshua 7:1 tn 1 Chr 2:6 lists a “Zimri” (but no Zabdi) as one of the five sons of Zerah (cf. also Josh 7:17, 18).
  3. Joshua 7:1 tn Heb “took from what was set apart [to the Lord].”
  4. Joshua 7:1 tn Heb “the anger of the Lord burned against the sons of Israel.”sn This incident illustrates well the principle of corporate solidarity and corporate guilt. The sin of one man brought the Lord’s anger down upon the entire nation.
  5. Joshua 7:3 tn Heb “and they returned to Joshua and said to him.”
  6. Joshua 7:3 tn Heb “Don’t let all the people go up.”
  7. Joshua 7:3 tn Heb “Let about two thousand men or about three thousand men go up to defeat Ai.”
  8. Joshua 7:3 tn Heb “all the people for they are small.”
  9. Joshua 7:5 tn The meaning and correct translation of the Hebrew word שְׁבָרִים (shevarim) is uncertain. The translation “fissures” is based on usage of the plural form of the noun in Ps 60:4 HT (60:2 ET), where it appears to refer to cracks in the earth caused by an earthquake. Perhaps deep ravines or gorges are in view, or the word is a proper noun (“all the way to Shebarim”).
  10. Joshua 7:5 sn The precise geographical location of the Israelite defeat at this “steep slope” is uncertain.
  11. Joshua 7:5 tn Or “army’s.”
  12. Joshua 7:5 tn Heb “and the heart of the people melted and became water.”
  13. Joshua 7:6 sn Tearing one’s clothes was an outward expression of extreme sorrow (see Gen 37:34; 44:13).
  14. Joshua 7:6 tn Or “elders.”
  15. Joshua 7:6 tn Heb “and fell on his face to the ground before the ark of the Lord until evening, he and the elders of Israel.”
  16. Joshua 7:6 sn Throwing dirt on one’s head was an outward expression of extreme sorrow (see Lam 2:10; Ezek 27:30).
  17. Joshua 7:7 tn Heb “said.”
  18. Joshua 7:8 tn Heb “turned [the] back.”
  19. Joshua 7:9 tn Heb “and cut off our name.”
  20. Joshua 7:9 tn Heb “What will you do for your great name?”
  21. Joshua 7:10 tn Heb “said.”
  22. Joshua 7:10 tn Heb “Why are you falling on your face?”
  23. Joshua 7:11 tn Heb “They have violated my covenant which I commanded them.”
  24. Joshua 7:11 tn Heb “what was set apart [to the Lord].”
  25. Joshua 7:11 tn Heb “and also they have stolen, and also they have lied, and also they have placed [them] among their items.”
  26. Joshua 7:12 tn Heb “they turn [the] back before their enemies because they are set apart [to destruction by the Lord].”
  27. Joshua 7:12 tn The second person pronoun is plural in Hebrew, indicating these words are addressed to the entire nation.
  28. Joshua 7:12 tn Heb “what is set apart [to destruction by the Lord] from your midst.”
  29. Joshua 7:13 tn Heb “what is set apart [to destruction by the Lord] [is] in your midst.”
  30. Joshua 7:13 tn Heb “remove what is set apart [i.e., to destruction by the Lord] from your midst.”
  31. Joshua 7:14 tn Heb “by your tribes.”
  32. Joshua 7:14 tn Heb “takes forcefully, seizes.”
  33. Joshua 7:14 tn Heb “houses.”
  34. Joshua 7:14 tn Heb “by men.”
  35. Joshua 7:15 tn Heb “with what was set apart [to the Lord].”
  36. Joshua 7:15 tn Heb “burned with fire.”
  37. Joshua 7:16 tn Heb “by tribes.”
  38. Joshua 7:17 tn See the note on “Zabdi” in Jos 7:1.
  39. Joshua 7:17 tn Heb “and he selected Zabdi.” The Lord is the apparent subject. The LXX supports reading a passive (Niphal) form here, as does the immediate context.
  40. Joshua 7:18 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Zabdi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  41. Joshua 7:18 tn Heb “by men.”
  42. Joshua 7:19 tn Heb “give glory to.”
  43. Joshua 7:20 tn Heb “like this and like this I did.”
  44. Joshua 7:21 tn Heb “Shinar,” a reference to Babylon (cf. Gen 10:10; 11:2; 14:1). Many modern translations retain the Hebrew name “Shinar” (cf. NEB, NRSV) but some use the more familiar “Babylon” (cf. NIV, NLT).
  45. Joshua 7:21 tn Heb “shekels.”
  46. Joshua 7:22 tn Heb “Look, [it was] hidden in his tent, and the silver was beneath it.”
  47. Joshua 7:23 tn Heb “poured out,” probably referring to the way the silver pieces poured out of their container.
  48. Joshua 7:24 tn Or “Trouble” The name is “Achor” in Hebrew, which means “disaster” or “trouble” (also in v. 26).
  49. Joshua 7:25 tn Or “trouble on.” The word is “achor” in Hebrew (also in the following clause).
  50. Joshua 7:25 tc Heb “and they burned them with fire and they stoned them with stones.” These words are somewhat parenthetical in nature and are omitted in the LXX; they may represent a later scribal addition.
  51. Joshua 7:26 tc Heb “to this day.” The phrase “to this day” is omitted in the LXX and may represent a later scribal addition.
  52. Joshua 8:1 tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”
  53. Joshua 8:1 tn Heb “Take with you all the people of war and arise, go up against Ai!”
  54. Joshua 8:1 tn Heb “I have given into our hand.” The verbal form, a perfect, is probably best understood as a perfect of certitude, indicating the certainty of the action.
  55. Joshua 8:3 tn “And Joshua and all the people of war arose to go up [against] Ai.”
  56. Joshua 8:5 tn Heb “the people.”
  57. Joshua 8:6 tn Heb “come out after.”
  58. Joshua 8:7 tn Heb “from the ambush.”
  59. Joshua 8:7 tn Heb “take possession of.”
  60. Joshua 8:8 tn Heb “the city.”
  61. Joshua 8:8 tn Heb “I have commanded you.”
  62. Joshua 8:9 tn Or “the place of ambush.”
  63. Joshua 8:9 tn Heb “and they stayed between Bethel and Ai, west of Ai.”
  64. Joshua 8:9 tn Heb “in the midst of the people.”
  65. Joshua 8:10 tn Or “summoned, mustered.”
  66. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “the people.”
  67. Joshua 8:10 tn Or “elders.”
  68. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “went up.”
  69. Joshua 8:10 tn Heb “them” (referring to “the people” in the previous clause, which requires a plural pronoun). Since the translation used “army” in the previous clause, a singular pronoun (“it”) is required in English.
  70. Joshua 8:11 tn Heb “All the people of war who were with him went up and approached and came opposite the city.”
  71. Joshua 8:11 tn Heb “and the valley [was] between them and Ai.”
  72. Joshua 8:13 tn Some Hebrew mss read, “spent the night in.”
  73. Joshua 8:14 sn This probably refers to the hill country at the edge of the rift valley between Ai and Jericho. This part of the battle was probably engaged where Israel would have come up to the hill country out of the rift valley from Jericho, an ascent of about 4000 feet (with ups and downs) over ten miles.
  74. Joshua 8:14 tn Heb “did not know that an ambush for him was behind the city.”
  75. Joshua 8:16 tn Heb “All the people.”
  76. Joshua 8:16 tc Some textual witnesses read “the city.”
  77. Joshua 8:16 tn Or “were summoned”; or “were mustered.”
  78. Joshua 8:17 tc The LXX omits the words “or Bethel.”
  79. Joshua 8:17 tn Heb “who did not go out after Israel.”
  80. Joshua 8:18 tn Traditionally “spear,” but see HALOT 472 s.v. כִּידוֹן, which argues based upon evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls that this term refers to a curved sword of some type; note the definition “scimitar” given there.
  81. Joshua 8:18 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the city of Ai) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  82. Joshua 8:19 tn Heb “and ran.”
  83. Joshua 8:20 tn Heb “and they saw, and look.” The Hebrew term הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) draws attention to the scene and invites the audience to view the events from the perspective of the men of Ai.
  84. Joshua 8:20 tn Heb “and there was not in them hands to flee here or there.” The Hebrew term יָדַיִם (yadayim, “hands”) is idiomatic for “strength.”
  85. Joshua 8:21 tn Heb “and that the smoke of the city ascended.”
  86. Joshua 8:22 tn Heb “and these went out from the city to meet them and they were for Israel in the middle, some on this side, and others on the other side.”
  87. Joshua 8:24 tn Heb “residents.”
  88. Joshua 8:24 tn Heb “in the field, in the wilderness in which they chased them.”
  89. Joshua 8:24 tc Heb “and all of them fell by the edge of the sword until they were destroyed.” The LXX omits the words, “and all of them fell by the edge of the sword.” They may represent a later scribal addition.
  90. Joshua 8:25 tn Heb “fell.”
  91. Joshua 8:26 tn Heb “Joshua did not draw back his hand which held out the curved sword until he had annihilated all the residents of Ai.”
  92. Joshua 8:27 tn Heb “message, word.”
  93. Joshua 8:28 tn Heb “and made it a permanent mound, a desolation, to this day.”
  94. Joshua 8:29 tn Heb “on a tree until evening.” The words “leaving him exposed” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
  95. Joshua 8:29 sn For the legal background of this action, see Deut 21:22-23.
  96. Joshua 8:29 tn Heb “to this day.”
  97. Joshua 8:31 tn Heb “as it is written in the scroll of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones on which no one had wielded iron.” The expression “whole stones” refers to stones in their natural condition, i.e., not carved or shaped artificially with tools (“wielded iron”).
  98. Joshua 8:31 tn Or “peace offerings.”
  99. Joshua 8:32 tn Heb “and he wrote there on the stones a duplicate of the law of Moses which he wrote before the sons of Israel.”
  100. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “All Israel.”
  101. Joshua 8:33 tn Or “elders.”
  102. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “like the resident foreigner, like the citizen.” The language is idiomatic, meaning that both groups were treated the same, at least in this instance.
  103. Joshua 8:33 tn Heb “as Moses, the Lord’s servant, commanded to bless the people, Israel, formerly.”sn Moses’ earlier instructions are found in Deut 11:29.
  104. Joshua 8:34 tn Or “afterward.”
  105. Joshua 8:35 tn Heb “There was not a word from all which Moses commanded that Joshua did not read aloud.”
  106. Joshua 8:35 tn Heb “walked in their midst.”
  107. Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan heard.”
  108. Joshua 9:1 tn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the transition region between the hill country and the coastal plains.
  109. Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “all the coast of the Great Sea.” The “Great Sea” was the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
  110. Joshua 9:1 tn Heb “in front of.”
  111. Joshua 9:2 tn Heb “they gathered together to fight against Joshua and Israel [with] one mouth.”
  112. Joshua 9:4 tc Heb “and they went and [?].” The root and meaning of the verb form יִצְטַיָּרוּ (yitstayyaru) are uncertain. The Hebrew text form most likely should be יִצְטַיָּדוּ (yitstayyadu), read by some Hebrew mss and ancient versions, from the root צוּד (tsud, “take provisions,” BDB 845 s.v. II צוד) which also occurs in v. 11. Note NRSV “they went and prepared provisions”; cf. NEB “They went and disguised themselves”; NIV “they went as a delegation.”
  113. Joshua 9:5 tn Heb “all the bread of their provisions.”
  114. Joshua 9:5 tn Or “moldy.”
  115. Joshua 9:7 tn Heb “in our midst.”
  116. Joshua 9:8 tn Heb “we are your servants.”
  117. Joshua 9:9 tn Or “servants.”
  118. Joshua 9:9 tn Heb “name.”
  119. Joshua 9:9 tn Heb “the report about him, all that he did in Egypt.”
  120. Joshua 9:11 tn Heb “your servants.”
  121. Joshua 9:12 tn Heb “in the day we went out to come to you.”
  122. Joshua 9:12 tn Or “moldy.”
  123. Joshua 9:14 tn Heb “took.” This probably means they tasted some of the food to make sure it was stale.
  124. Joshua 9:14 tn Heb “but they did not ask the mouth of the Lord.” This refers to seeking the Lord’s will and guidance through an oracle.
  125. Joshua 9:15 tn Or “assembly.”
  126. Joshua 9:15 tn Heb “Joshua made peace with them and made a treaty with them to let them live, and the leaders of the community swore an oath to them.”
  127. Joshua 9:16 tn Heb “At the end of three days, after they made the treaty with them, they heard that they were neighbors to them and in their midst they were living.”
  128. Joshua 9:18 tn Heb “by the Lord God of Israel.”
  129. Joshua 9:18 tn Or “grumbled against.”
  130. Joshua 9:19 tn Heb “to them by….”
  131. Joshua 9:19 tn Or “touch.”
  132. Joshua 9:20 tn Heb “This is what we will do to them, keeping them alive so there will not be upon us anger concerning the oath which we swore to them.”
  133. Joshua 9:21 tc Heb “and the leaders said to them.” The LXX omits the words “and the leaders said to them.”
  134. Joshua 9:21 tn The vav (ו) consecutive construction in the Hebrew text suggests that the narrative resumes at this point. The LXX reads here, “and they will be,” understanding what follows to be a continuation of the leaders’ words rather than a comment by the narrator.
  135. Joshua 9:21 tn Heb “as the leaders said to them.”
  136. Joshua 9:22 sn Verses 22-27 appear to elaborate on v. 21b.
  137. Joshua 9:22 tn Heb “them.”
  138. Joshua 9:22 tn Or “deceive.”
  139. Joshua 9:22 tn Heb “live in our midst?”
  140. Joshua 9:23 tn Heb “Now you are cursed and a servant will not be cut off from you, woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”
  141. Joshua 9:24 tn Heb “your servants.”
  142. Joshua 9:24 tn Or “we were very afraid.”
  143. Joshua 9:25 tn Heb “so now, look, we are in your hand.”
  144. Joshua 9:25 tn Heb “according to what is good and according to what is upright in your eyes to do us, do.”
  145. Joshua 9:26 tn Heb “And he did to them so and he rescued them from the hand of the sons of Israel and they did not kill them.”
  146. Joshua 9:27 tn Heb “and Joshua made them in that day woodcutters and water carriers for the community, and for the altar of the Lord to this day at the place which he chooses.”
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