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Joshua 12-15
New English Translation

12 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land[a] on the east side of the Jordan,[b] from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern rift valley:[c]

2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived[d] in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley)—including the city in the middle of the valley[e] and half of Gilead—all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 3 His kingdom included[f] the eastern rift valley from the Sea of Kinnereth[g] to the sea of the rift valley (the Salt Sea),[h] including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.[i]

4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites,[j] who lived[k] in Ashtaroth and Edrei 5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.

6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land[l] to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes,[m] 8 including the hill country, the foothills,[n] the rift valley,[o] the slopes,[p] the wilderness, and the Negev[q]—the land of[r] the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:

9 the king of Jericho (one),
the king of Ai—located near Bethel—(one),
10 the king of Jerusalem (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
11 the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
12 the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
13 the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
14 the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
15 the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
16 the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel (one),
17 the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
18 the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
19 the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor (one),
20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
21 the king of Taanach (one),
the king of Megiddo (one),
22 the king of Kedesh (one),
the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),
23 the king of Dor—near Naphath Dor—(one),
the king of Goyim—near Gilgal—(one),
24 the king of Tirzah (one),

a total of thirty-one kings.

The Lord Speaks to Joshua

13 When Joshua was very old,[s] the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered. 2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites, 3 from the Shihor River[t] east of[u] Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory),[v] including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land[w] 4 to the south;[x] all the Canaanite territory,[y] from Arah[z] in the region of Sidon[aa] to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 5 the territory of Byblos[ab] and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath.[ac] 6 I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim,[ad] all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.[ae] 7 Now, divide up this land[af] among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”

Tribal Lands East of the Jordan

8 The other half of Manasseh,[ag] Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands on east side of the Jordan,[ah] just as Moses, the Lord’s servant, had assigned them. 9 Their territory started[ai] from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon, 10 and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border. 11 Their territory also included[aj] Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah— 12 the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.)[ak] Moses defeated them and took their lands.[al] 13 But the Israelites did not conquer[am] the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day. 14 However, Moses[an] did not assign land as an inheritance[ao] to the Levites; their inheritance[ap] is the sacrificial offerings[aq] made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed[ar] them.

15 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben[as] by its clans. 16 Their territory started at Aroer[at] (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba, 17 Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 18 Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 19 Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 20 Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth. 21 It encompassed[au] all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory).[av] 22 The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader,[aw] along with the others.[ax] 23 The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns.[ay]

24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad[az] by its clans. 25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half the Ammonite territory[ba] as far as Aroer near[bb] Rabbah. 26 Their territory ran[bc] from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 27 It included the valley of Beth Haram,[bd] Beth Nimrah, Sukkoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth.[be] 28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns.[bf]

29 Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh[bg] by its clans. 30 Their territory started at[bh] Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair[bi] in Bashan. 31 Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.

32 These are the land assignments made by Moses[bj] in the rift valley plains of Moab[bk] east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho.[bl] 33 However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance[bm] to the Levites; their inheritance[bn] is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed[bo] them.

Judah’s Tribal Lands

14 The following is a record of the territory assigned to the Israelites in the land of Canaan by Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the Israelite tribal leaders.[bp] 2 The land assignments to the nine-and-a-half tribes were made by drawing lots, as the Lord had instructed Moses.[bq] 3 Now Moses had assigned land[br] to the two-and-a-half tribes east of the Jordan, but he assigned no land[bs] to the Levites.[bt] 4 The descendants of Joseph were considered as two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. The Levites were allotted no territory, though they were assigned cities in which to live, along with the grazing areas for their cattle and possessions.[bu] 5 The Israelites followed the Lord’s instructions to Moses and divided up the land.[bv]

6 The men of Judah approached Joshua in Gilgal, and Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, “You know what the Lord said about you and me to Moses, the man of God, at Kadesh Barnea.[bw] 7 I was forty years old when Moses, the Lord’s servant, sent me from Kadesh Barnea to spy on the land and I brought back to him an honest report.[bx] 8 My countrymen[by] who accompanied[bz] me frightened the people,[ca] but I remained loyal to the Lord my God.[cb] 9 That day Moses made this solemn promise:[cc] ‘Surely the land on which you walked[cd] will belong to you and your descendants permanently,[ce] for you remained loyal to the Lord your God.’ 10 So now, look, the Lord has preserved my life, just as he promised, these past forty-five years since the Lord spoke these words to Moses, while Israel traveled through the wilderness. See here, I am today eighty-five years old! 11 Today I am still as strong as when Moses sent me out. I can fight and go about my daily activities with the same energy I had then.[cf] 12 Now, assign me this hill country that the Lord promised me at that time! No doubt you heard then that the Anakites live there in large, fortified cities.[cg] But assuming the Lord is with me, I will conquer[ch] them, as the Lord promised.” 13 Joshua asked God to empower Caleb son of Jephunneh and assigned him Hebron.[ci] 14 So Hebron remains the assigned land of Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite to this very day[cj] because he remained loyal to the Lord God of Israel. 15 (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba. Arba was a famous Anakite.[ck]) Then the land was free of war.

15 The land allotted to the tribe of Judah by its clans reached to the border of Edom, to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev far to the south.[cl] 2 Their southern border started at the southern tip of the Salt Sea,[cm] 3 extended[cn] south of the Scorpion Ascent,[co] crossed to Zin, went up from the south to Kadesh Barnea, crossed to Hezron, went up to Addar, and turned toward Karka. 4 It then crossed to Azmon, extended to the Stream of Egypt,[cp] and ended at the Mediterranean Sea. This was their[cq] southern border.

5 The eastern border was the Salt Sea to the mouth[cr] of the Jordan River.[cs]

The northern border started north of the Salt Sea at the mouth of the Jordan,[ct] 6 went up to Beth Hoglah, crossed north of Beth Arabah, and went up to the Stone of Bohan son of Reuben. 7 It then went up to Debir from the Valley of Achor, turning northward to Gilgal (which is opposite the Pass[cu] of Adummim south of the valley), crossed to the waters of En Shemesh and extended to En Rogel. 8 It then went up the Valley of Ben Hinnom to the slope of the Jebusites on the south (that is, Jerusalem), going up to the top of the hill opposite the Valley of Ben Hinnom to the west, which is at the end of the Valley of the Rephaites to the north. 9 It then went from the top of the hill to the spring of the waters of Nephtoah, extended to the cities of Mount Ephron, and went to Baalah (that is, Kiriath Jearim). 10 It then turned from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, crossed to the slope of Mount Jearim on the north (that is Kesalon), descended to Beth Shemesh, and crossed to Timnah. 11 It then extended to the slope of Ekron to the north, went toward Shikkeron, crossed to Mount Baalah, extended to Jabneel, and ended at the sea.

12 The western border was the Mediterranean Sea.[cv] These were the borders of the tribe of Judah and its clans.[cw]

13 Caleb son of Jephunneh was assigned Kiriath Arba (that is Hebron) within the tribe of Judah, according to the Lord’s instructions to Joshua. (Arba was the father of Anak.)[cx] 14 Caleb drove out[cy] from there three Anakites—Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, descendants of Anak. 15 From there he attacked the people of Debir.[cz] (Debir used to be called Kiriath Sepher.) 16 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher I will give my daughter Achsah as a wife.” 17 When Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s brother,[da] captured it, Caleb[db] gave Achsah his daughter to him as a wife.

18 One time Achsah[dc] came and charmed her father[dd] so that she could ask him for some land. When she got down from her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What would you like?” 19 She answered, “Please give me a special present.[de] Since you have given me land in the Negev, now give me springs of water.” So he gave her both the upper and lower springs.

20 This is the land assigned to the tribe of Judah by its clans:[df] 21 These cities were located at the southern extremity of Judah’s tribal land near the border of Edom:[dg] Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur, 22 Kinah, Dimonah, Adadah, 23 Kedesh, Hazor, Ithnan, 24 Ziph, Telem, Bealoth, 25 Hazor Hadattah, Kerioth Hezron (that is, Hazor), 26 Amam, Shema, Moladah, 27 Hazar Gaddah, Heshbon, Beth Pelet, 28 Hazar Shual, Beer Sheba, Biziothiah, 29 Baalah, Iim, Ezem, 30 Eltolad, Kesil, Hormah, 31 Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah, 32 Lebaoth, Shilhim, Ain, and Rimmon—a total of twenty-nine cities and their towns.[dh]

33 These cities were[di] in the foothills:[dj] Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah, 34 Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35 Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, 36 Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (or Gederothaim)—a total of fourteen cities and their towns.

37 Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal Gad, 38 Dilean, Mizpah, Joktheel, 39 Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon, 40 Cabbon, Lahmas, Kitlish, 41 Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—a total of sixteen cities and their towns.

42 Libnah, Ether, Ashan, 43 Iphtah, Ashnah, Nezib, 44 Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—a total of nine cities and their towns.

45 Ekron and its surrounding towns[dk] and settlements; 46 from Ekron westward, all those in the vicinity of Ashdod and their towns; 47 Ashdod with its surrounding towns and settlements, and Gaza with its surrounding towns and settlements, as far as the Stream of Egypt[dl] and the border at the Mediterranean Sea.[dm]

48 These cities were[dn] in the hill country: Shamir, Jattir, Socoh, 49 Dannah, Kiriath Sannah (that is, Debir), 50 Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, 51 Goshen, Holon, and Giloh—a total of eleven cities and their towns.

52 Arab, Dumah,[do] Eshan, 53 Janim, Beth Tappuah, Aphekah, 54 Humtah, Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron), and Zior—a total of nine cities and their towns.

55 Maon, Carmel, Ziph, Juttah, 56 Jezreel, Jokdeam, Zanoah, 57 Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah—a total of ten cities and their towns.

58 Halhul, Beth Zur, Gedor, 59 Maarath, Beth Anoth, and Eltekon—a total of six cities and their towns.

60 Kiriath Baal (that is, Kiriath Jearim) and Rabbah—a total of two cities and their towns.

61 These cities were[dp] in the wilderness: Beth Arabah, Middin, Secacah, 62 Nibshan, the City of Salt, and En Gedi—a total of six cities and their towns.

63 The men of Judah were unable to conquer the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. The Jebusites live with the people of Judah in Jerusalem to this very day.[dq]

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 12:1 tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”
  2. Joshua 12:1 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”
  3. Joshua 12:1 sn The rift valley is a geographic feature that extends from Mt. Hermon to the Gulf of Aqaba and includes the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. The section described here extends from the border of Moab, the Arnon which runs into the middle of the Dead Sea, northward up the entire Jordan valley and beyond Galilee to Mt. Hermon at the border of Lebanon.
  4. Joshua 12:2 tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”
  5. Joshua 12:2 tc The MT reads here “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.
  6. Joshua 12:3 tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  7. Joshua 12:3 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
  8. Joshua 12:3 sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.
  9. Joshua 12:3 sn The slopes of Pisgah lie east of the northern tip of the Dead Sea.
  10. Joshua 12:4 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
  11. Joshua 12:4 tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”
  12. Joshua 12:6 tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”
  13. Joshua 12:7 tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”
  14. Joshua 12:8 sn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the transition region between the Judean hill country and the Mediterranean coastal plain. These are areas of eocene limestone with a distinct pattern of erosion, soil, and vegetation cover.
  15. Joshua 12:8 sn The rift valley (עֲרָבָה, ʿaravah) is a geographic feature extending from Galilee to the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Here it probably refers to the Jordan valley and an area extending south of the Dead Sea by the Negev.
  16. Joshua 12:8 sn The slopes (אֲשֵׁדוֹת, ʾashedot) refer to the ascent from the rift valley up to the hill country and to the flatlands (or wilderness) south of the hill country.
  17. Joshua 12:8 sn The Negev is the area of central southern Judah, south of the hill country and west of the rift valley. As a geographic feature it is a depression extending south to the Gulf of Aqaba, but the biblical reference is probably to the northern portion of the region.
  18. Joshua 12:8 tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  19. Joshua 13:1 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause.
  20. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
  21. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “in front of.”
  22. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”
  23. Joshua 13:3 tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”
  24. Joshua 13:4 tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.
  25. Joshua 13:4 tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”
  26. Joshua 13:4 tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).
  27. Joshua 13:4 tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”
  28. Joshua 13:5 tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”
  29. Joshua 13:5 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (levoʾ) is taken to mean “entrance to.”
  30. Joshua 13:6 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 641 s.v. מִשְׂרָפוֹת).
  31. Joshua 13:6 tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.”
  32. Joshua 13:7 tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”
  33. Joshua 13:8 tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7).
  34. Joshua 13:8 tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan to the east.”
  35. Joshua 13:9 tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  36. Joshua 13:11 tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  37. Joshua 13:12 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
  38. Joshua 13:12 tn Or “dispossessed them.”
  39. Joshua 13:13 tn Or “dispossess.”
  40. Joshua 13:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  41. Joshua 13:14 tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.”
  42. Joshua 13:14 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
  43. Joshua 13:14 tn Or “offerings made by fire.”
  44. Joshua 13:14 tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
  45. Joshua 13:15 tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.”
  46. Joshua 13:16 tn Heb “their territory was from.”
  47. Joshua 13:21 tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  48. Joshua 13:21 tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.”
  49. Joshua 13:22 tn Or “diviner.”
  50. Joshua 13:22 tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.”
  51. Joshua 13:23 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
  52. Joshua 13:24 tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”
  53. Joshua 13:25 tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”
  54. Joshua 13:25 tn Heb “which [is] in front of.”
  55. Joshua 13:26 tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
  56. Joshua 13:27 tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”
  57. Joshua 13:27 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
  58. Joshua 13:28 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
  59. Joshua 13:29 tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
  60. Joshua 13:30 tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
  61. Joshua 13:30 sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.”
  62. Joshua 13:32 tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.”
  63. Joshua 13:32 sn This is the area of rift valley basin to the north of the Dead Sea and east of the Jordan. Some translate as the “plains of Moab” (NASB, NIV, ESV) but this can give the wrong impression of the larger part of Moab above the rift valley. See the note at Num 22:1.
  64. Joshua 13:32 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
  65. Joshua 13:33 tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of.
  66. Joshua 13:33 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
  67. Joshua 13:33 tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
  68. Joshua 14:1 tn Heb “These are [the lands] which the sons of Israel received as an inheritance in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes assigned as an inheritance to the sons of Israel.”
  69. Joshua 14:2 tn Heb “By lot was their inheritance, as the Lord had commanded by Moses, to the nine tribes and the half-tribe.”
  70. Joshua 14:3 tn Or “assigned an inheritance.”
  71. Joshua 14:3 tn Or “no inheritance.”
  72. Joshua 14:3 tn The Hebrew text adds, “in their midst.”
  73. Joshua 14:4 tn Heb “and they did not assign a portion to the Levites in the land, except cities [in which] to live and their pastures for their cattle and property.”
  74. Joshua 14:5 tn Heb “Just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did, and they divided up the land.”
  75. Joshua 14:6 tn Heb “You know the word which the Lord spoke to Moses, the man of God, because of me and because of you in Kadesh Barnea.”sn On this incident at Kadesh Barnea see Num 14:30.
  76. Joshua 14:7 tn Heb “and I brought back to him a word just as [was] in my heart.”
  77. Joshua 14:8 tn Heb “brothers.”
  78. Joshua 14:8 tn Heb “went up with.”
  79. Joshua 14:8 tn Heb “made the heart[s] of the people melt.”
  80. Joshua 14:8 tn Heb “I filled up after the Lord my God,” an idiomatic statement meaning that Caleb remained loyal to the Lord.
  81. Joshua 14:9 tn Heb “swore an oath.”
  82. Joshua 14:9 tn Heb “on which your foot has walked.”
  83. Joshua 14:9 tn Heb “will belong to you for an inheritance, and to your sons forever.”
  84. Joshua 14:11 tn Heb “like my strength then, like my strength now, for battle and for going out and coming in.”
  85. Joshua 14:12 tn Heb “are there and large, fortified cities.”
  86. Joshua 14:12 tn Or “will dispossess.”
  87. Joshua 14:13 tn Heb “Joshua blessed him and gave Hebron to Caleb son of Jephunneh as an inheritance.”
  88. Joshua 14:14 tn Heb “Therefore Hebron belongs to Caleb son of Jephunneh for an inheritance to this day.”
  89. Joshua 14:15 tn Heb “And he was the great man among the Anakites.”
  90. Joshua 15:1 tn Heb “The lot was to the tribe of the sons of Judah by their clans to the border of Edom, the wilderness of Zin toward the south, southward.”
  91. Joshua 15:2 tn Heb “Their southern border was from the end of the Salt Sea, from the tongue that faces to the south.”sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea (also in v. 5).
  92. Joshua 15:3 tn Heb “went out.”
  93. Joshua 15:3 tn Or “the Ascent of Akrabbim” (עַקְרַבִּים [ʿaqrabbim] means “scorpions” in Hebrew).
  94. Joshua 15:4 tn Traditionally “the Brook of Egypt,” although a number of recent translations have “the Wadi of Egypt” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV).
  95. Joshua 15:4 tn The translation follows the LXX at this point. The MT reads, “This will be your southern border.”
  96. Joshua 15:5 tn Heb “end.”
  97. Joshua 15:5 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied for clarity.
  98. Joshua 15:5 tn Heb “the border on the northern side was from the tongue of the sea, from the end of the Jordan.”
  99. Joshua 15:7 tn Or “ascent.”
  100. Joshua 15:12 tn Heb “the Great Sea,” the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
  101. Joshua 15:12 tn Heb “this was the border of the sons of Judah round about, by their clans.”
  102. Joshua 15:13 tn Heb “To Caleb son of Jephunneh he gave a portion in the midst of the sons of Judah according to the mouth [i.e., command] of the Lord to Joshua, Kiriath Arba (the father of Anak), it is Hebron.”
  103. Joshua 15:14 tn Or “dispossessed.”
  104. Joshua 15:15 tn Heb “he went up against the inhabitants of Debir.”
  105. Joshua 15:17 tn “Caleb’s brother” may refer either to Othniel or to Kenaz. If Kenaz was the brother of Caleb, Othniel is Caleb’s nephew.
  106. Joshua 15:17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Caleb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  107. Joshua 15:18 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Achsah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  108. Joshua 15:18 tn Heb “him.” The referent of the pronoun could be Othniel, in which case the translation would be “she incited him [Othniel] to ask her father for a field.” This is problematic, however, for Achsah, not Othniel, makes the request in v. 19. The LXX has “he [Othniel] urged her to ask her father for a field.” This appears to be an attempt to reconcile the apparent inconsistency and probably does not reflect the original text. If Caleb is understood as the referent of the pronoun, the problem disappears. For a fuller discussion of the issue, see P. G. Mosca, “Who Seduced Whom? A Note on Joshua 15:18//Judges 1:14, ” CBQ 46 (1984): 18-22. This incident is also recorded in Judg 1:14.
  109. Joshua 15:19 tn Elsewhere this Hebrew word (בְּרָכָה, berakhah) is often translated “blessing,” but here it refers to a gift (as in Gen 33:11; 1 Sam 25:27; 30:26; 2 Kgs 5:15).
  110. Joshua 15:20 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Judah by their clans.”
  111. Joshua 15:21 tn Heb “and the cities were at the end of the tribe of the sons of Judah, at the border of Edom, to the south.”
  112. Joshua 15:32 tn The total number of names in the list is thirty-six, not twenty-nine. Perhaps (1) some of the names are alternatives (though the text appears to delineate clearly such alternative names here and elsewhere, see vv. 8, 9, 10, 13, 25b) or (2), more likely, later scribes added to a list originally numbering twenty-nine and failed to harmonize the concluding summary statement with the expanded list.
  113. Joshua 15:33 tn The words “these cities were” have been supplied for English stylistic reasons.
  114. Joshua 15:33 tn The foothills (שְׁפֵלָה, shephelah) are the region between the Judean hill country and the Mediterranean coastal plain.
  115. Joshua 15:45 tn Heb “daughters.”
  116. Joshua 15:47 tn See the note on this place name in 15:4.
  117. Joshua 15:47 tn Heb “the Great Sea,” the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.
  118. Joshua 15:48 tn The words “These cities were” have been supplied in the translation for English stylistic reasons.
  119. Joshua 15:52 tc Some Hebrew mss and some mss of the LXX read “Rumah” in place of “Dumah.”
  120. Joshua 15:61 tn The words “These cities were” have been supplied for English stylistic reasons.
  121. Joshua 15:63 sn The statement to this very day reflects the perspective of the author, who must have written prior to David’s conquest of the Jebusites (see 2 Sam 5:6-7).
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