Footnotes

1. John 6:60 tn The words “these things” are not present in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, and must be supplied for the English reader.
2. John 6:60 tn Or “hard,” “demanding.”
3. John 6:60 tn Or “teaching”; Grk “word.”
4. John 6:60 tn Or “obey it”; Grk “hear it.” The Greek word ἀκούω (akouō) could imply hearing with obedience here, in the sense of “obey.” It could also point to the acceptance of what Jesus had just said, (i.e., “who can accept what he said?” However, since the context contains several replies by those in the crowd of hearers that suggest uncertainty or confusion over the meaning of what Jesus had said (6:42; 6:52), the meaning “understand” is preferred here.
5. John 6:61 tn Grk “When Jesus knew within himself.”
6. John 6:61 tn Or “were grumbling.”
7. John 6:61 tn Or “Does this cause you to no longer believe?” (Grk “cause you to stumble?”)sn Does this cause you to be offended? It became apparent to some of Jesus’ followers at this point that there would be a cost involved in following him. They had taken offense at some of Jesus’ teaching (perhaps the graphic imagery of “eating his flesh” and “drinking his blood”), and Jesus now warned them that if they thought this was a problem, there was an even worse cause for stumbling in store: his upcoming crucifixion (John 6:61b-62). Jesus asked, in effect, “Has what I just taught caused you to stumble? What will you do, then, if you see the Son of Man ascending where he was before?” This ascent is to be accomplished through the cross; for John, Jesus’ departure from this world and his return to the Father form one continual movement from cross to resurrection to ascension.
8. John 6:62 tn Or “he was formerly?”
9. John 6:63 tn Grk “the flesh counts for nothing.”
10. John 6:63 tn Or “are spirit-giving and life-producing.”
11. John 6:64 sn This is a parenthetical comment by the author.
12. John 6:65 tn Grk “And he said”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13. John 6:65 tn Grk “unless it has been permitted to him by the Father.”
14. John 6:66 tn Grk “many of his disciples went back to what lay behind.”
15. John 6:66 tn Grk “were not walking with him.”