Footnotes

1. John 13:28 tn Grk “reclining at the table.” The phrase reclining at the table reflects the normal practice in 1st century Near Eastern culture of eating a meal in a semi-reclining position.
2. John 13:28 tn Or “knew.”
3. John 13:28 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4. John 13:28 tn Grk “to him”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5. John 13:29 tn Grk “telling him, ‘Buy whatever we need for the feast.’” The first clause is direct discourse and the second clause indirect discourse. For smoothness of English style, the first clause has been converted to indirect discourse to parallel the second (the meaning is left unchanged).
6. John 13:29 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
7. John 13:30 tn Grk “That one”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
8. John 13:30 sn Now it was night is a parenthetical note by the author. The comment is more than just a time indicator, however. With the departure of Judas to set in motion the betrayal, arrest, trials, crucifixion, and death of Jesus, daytime is over and night has come (see John 9:5; 11:9-10; 12:35-36). Judas had become one of those who walked by night and stumbled, because the light was not in him (11:10).