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John 12:31
New English Translation
John 12:31
New English Translation
31 Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world[a] will be driven out.[b]
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- John 12:31 sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.
- John 12:31 tn Or “will be thrown out.” This translation regards the future passive ἐκβληθήσεται (ekblēthēsetai) as referring to an event future to the time of speaking.sn The phrase driven out must refer to Satan’s loss of authority over this world. This must be in principle rather than in immediate fact, since 1 John 5:19 states that the whole world (still) lies in the power of the evil one (a reference to Satan). In an absolute sense the reference is proleptic. The coming of Jesus’ hour (his crucifixion, death, resurrection, and exaltation to the Father) marks the end of Satan’s domain and brings about his defeat, even though that defeat has not been ultimately worked out in history yet and awaits the consummation of the age.
John 14:30
New English Translation
John 14:30
New English Translation
30 I will not speak with you much longer,[a] for the ruler of this world is coming.[b] He has no power over me,[c]
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- John 14:30 tn Grk “I will no longer speak many things with you.”
- John 14:30 sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.
- John 14:30 tn Grk “in me he has nothing.”
John 16:11
New English Translation
John 16:11
New English Translation
11 and concerning judgment,[a] because[b] the ruler of this world[c] has been condemned.[d]
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- John 16:11 sn The world is proven wrong concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged. Jesus’ righteousness before the Father, as proven by his return to the Father, his glorification, constitutes a judgment against Satan. This is parallel to the judgment of the world which Jesus provokes in 3:19-21: Jesus’ presence in the world as the Light of the world provokes the judgment of those in the world, because as they respond to the light (either coming to Jesus or rejecting him) so are they judged. That judgment is in a sense already realized. So it is here, where the judgment of Satan is already realized in Jesus’ glorification. This does not mean that Satan does not continue to be active in the world, and to exercise some power over it, just as in 3:19-21 the people in the world who have rejected Jesus and thus incurred judgment continue on in their opposition to Jesus for a time. In both cases the judgment is not immediately executed. But it is certain.
- John 16:11 tn Or “that.”
- John 16:11 sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.
- John 16:11 tn Or “judged.”
Galatians 1:4
New English Translation
Galatians 1:4
New English Translation
4 who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from this present evil age according to the will of our God and Father,
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Ephesians 2:2
New English Translation
Ephesians 2:2
New English Translation
2 in which[a] you formerly lived[b] according to this world’s present path,[c] according to the ruler of the domain[d] of the air, the ruler of[e] the spirit[f] that is now energizing[g] the sons of disobedience,[h]
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- Ephesians 2:2 sn The relative pronoun which is feminine as is sins, indicating that sins is the antecedent.
- Ephesians 2:2 tn Grk “walked.” sn The Greek verb translated lived (περιπατέω, peripateō) in the NT letters refers to the conduct of one’s life, not to physical walking.
- Ephesians 2:2 tn Or possibly “Aeon.”sn The word translated present path is the same as that which has been translated [this] age in 1:21 (αἰών, aiōn).
- Ephesians 2:2 tn That is, “[place of] authority”; see BDAG 353 s.v. ἐξουσία 6.
- Ephesians 2:2 tn Grk “of” (but see the note on the word “spirit” later in this verse).
- Ephesians 2:2 sn The ruler of the kingdom of the air is also the ruler of the spirit that is now energizing the sons of disobedience. Although several translations regard the ruler to be the same as the spirit, this is unlikely since the cases in Greek are different (ruler is accusative and spirit is genitive). To get around this, some have suggested that the genitive for spirit is a genitive of apposition. However, the semantics of the genitive of apposition are against such an interpretation (cf. ExSyn 100).
- Ephesians 2:2 tn Grk “working in.”
- Ephesians 2:2 sn Sons of disobedience is a Semitic idiom that means “people characterized by disobedience.” However, it also contains a subtle allusion to vv. 4-10: Some of those sons of disobedience have become sons of God.
Ephesians 5:16
New English Translation
Ephesians 5:16
New English Translation
16 taking advantage of every opportunity, because the days are evil.
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Ephesians 6:12
New English Translation
Ephesians 6:12
New English Translation
12 For our struggle[a] is not against flesh and blood,[b] but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world rulers of this darkness,[c] against the spiritual forces[d] of evil in the heavens.[e]
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- Ephesians 6:12 tn BDAG 752 s.v. πάλη says, “struggle against…the opponent is introduced by πρός w. the acc.”
- Ephesians 6:12 tn Grk “blood and flesh.”
- Ephesians 6:12 tn BDAG 561 s.v. κοσμοκράτωρ suggests “the rulers of this sinful world” as a gloss. sn The phrase world-rulers of this darkness does not refer to human rulers but the evil spirits that rule over the world. The phrase thus stands in apposition to what follows (the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens); see note on heavens at the end of this verse.
- Ephesians 6:12 tn BDAG 837 s.v. πνευματικός 3 suggests “the spirit-forces of evil” in Ephesians 6:12.
- Ephesians 6:12 sn The phrase spiritual forces of evil in the heavens serves to emphasize the nature of the forces which oppose believers as well as to indicate the locality from which they originate.
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