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De, der bliver genfødt ved Guds Ånd, får evigt liv

En aften efter mørkets frembrud kom en af de jødiske ledere, en farisæer ved navn Nikodemus, for at tale med Jesus. „Mester,” sagde han, „vi er klar over, at Gud har sendt dig, for ingen kunne gøre de mirakler, du gør, hvis ikke Gud var med ham.”

Da sagde Jesus: „Det siger jeg dig: Det er kun, hvis et menneske bliver født igen,[a] at det kan komme ind i Guds rige.”

„Hvad mener du?” udbrød Nikodemus. „Et voksent menneske kan da umuligt komme ind i sin mors mave igen og blive født endnu en gang?”

Jesus svarede: „Det siger jeg dig: Det er kun, hvis et menneske bliver født af både vand[b] og ånd, at det kan komme ind i Guds rige. Et menneske føder et menneskebarn, men Guds Ånd føder et åndeligt barn. Du skal ikke være så forundret over, at jeg sagde, at I skal fødes igen. Tænk på vinden.[c] Den blæser, hvorhen den vil. Du kan ikke se, hvor den kommer fra, eller hvor den skal hen, men du kan høre dens susen. Sådan er det også, når Guds Ånd giver et menneske åndeligt liv.”

„Jamen, hvordan kan det ske?” spurgte Nikodemus.

10 Jesus svarede: „Du er lærer for Israels folk. Forstår du det ikke? 11 Det siger jeg dig: Vi taler om det, vi kender til, og vi fortæller om det, vi har set—men I tror ikke på os! 12 Hvis I ikke tror mig, når jeg fortæller jer om de jordiske ting, hvordan skulle I så kunne tro mig, hvis jeg begyndte at fortælle jer om de himmelske? 13 Intet menneske har fået lov at se, hvad der er i Himlen, undtagen Menneskesønnen, som jo er kommet ned fra Himlen.

14-15 Ligesom Moses løftede kobberslangen op og satte den fast på en stang ude i ørkenen, og de, der så hen på den, reddede livet,[d] sådan skal Menneskesønnen løftes op, så enhver, der ser hen til ham og tror på ham, vil få det evige liv.”

16 Gud elskede nemlig verden så højt, at han gav sin eneste Søn, for at enhver, der tror på ham, ikke skal gå fortabt, men få det evige liv. 17 Gud sendte ikke sin Søn til verden for at dømme verden, men for at verden gennem ham kunne opleve frelse.

18 De, der tror på ham, bliver ikke dømt. Men de, der ikke tror på ham, er allerede dømt, for de har nægtet at tro på Guds egen Søn. 19 Dommen kommer som følge af menneskers egne valg. Da Lyset kom ind i verden, valgte de nemlig mørket frem for lyset. Det gjorde de, fordi deres handlinger var onde. 20 Onde mennesker hader lyset og undgår det. De ønsker ikke, at deres handlinger skal komme frem i lyset. 21 Men de, der følger sandheden, kommer frem i lyset, så det kan ses, at de har handlet efter Guds vilje.

Johannes Døbers opgave er ved at være slut

22 Efter sit ophold i Jerusalem vandrede Jesus rundt i Judæa sammen med sine disciple, hvor mange kom til dem og blev døbt.

23 Men også Johannes døbte stadig mange mennesker, for folk blev ved med at strømme ud til ham. Han opholdt sig oppe ved Ænon i nærheden af Salem, hvor der var masser af vand. 24 (Johannes var endnu ikke blevet kastet i fængsel.)

25 En dag kom Johannes’ disciple i diskussion med en af de jødiske ledere om, hvem der havde ret til at døbe. 26 Efter diskussionen kom disciplene hen til Johannes og sagde: „Mester, den mand, som kom til dig øst for Jordanfloden, og som du har fortalt om, han døber også, og nu går alle folk over til ham!”

27 Johannes svarede: „Det er Gud, der giver hver enkelt af os vores særlige opgave. 28 I har jo selv hørt mig sige, at jeg ikke er Messias, men jeg blev udsendt for at bane vejen for ham. 29 Bruden tilhører brudgommen—men brudgommens ven, der står og venter på at høre brudgommens stemme, bliver glad, når han hører ham. Derfor glæder jeg mig af hele mit hjerte over det, som nu sker. 30 Hans betydning vil blive større og større, min vil blive mindre og mindre.”

Tro fører til liv—ulydighed fører til dom

31 Han, som er kommet ovenfra, står over alt og alle, men de, som kommer fra denne verden, hører denne verden til og er optaget af det, som hører denne verden til. Han, som er kommet fra Himlen, står over alt. 32 Han fortæller om det, han selv har set og hørt, og alligevel vil næsten ingen tro ham. 33 Men enhver, som er kommet til tro på hans ord, kan skrive under på, at Gud taler sandt. 34 Han, som Gud har sendt, taler Guds ord, for Gud giver ham af sin Ånd uden begrænsning. 35 Faderen elsker Sønnen og har overgivet alt i hans hænder. 36 Alle, der tror på Sønnen, har evigt liv, men de, der ikke adlyder ham, får ikke del i det liv. De forbliver under Guds dom.

Footnotes

  1. 3,3 Eller: „født på ny” eller „født en gang til”. Der er tale om en helt ny begyndelse og et helt nyt liv, som Gud skaber ved sin Ånd. Det græske ord kan også betyde „ovenfra”, men det passer ikke i denne sammenhæng.
  2. 3,5 Den græske tekst her siger egentlig „ud af vand”. Det er sandsynligvis en henvisning til fostervandet og dermed til den almindelige, fysiske fødsel i modsætning til den åndelige fødsel. Nikodemus havde misforstået Jesus, fordi han tænkte på en fysisk fødsel, mens Jesus talte om en åndelig fødsel. Forskellen mellem de to slags fødsler forklares nærmere i næste sætning.
  3. 3,8 Det græske ord, der bruges her, betyder egentlig ånd og kun sjældent vind, men Jesus bruger vinden som illustration på en sandhed om Åndens virke. Det tilsvarende hebraiske ord betyder både vind og ånd. I bibelsk sprogbrug er det Gud, som styrer vinden og bruger den som sit redskab, jf. Hebr. 1,7.
  4. 3,14-15 4.Mos. 21,1-9.

Isus i Nikodem

Neki je čovjek, Nikodem, bio farizej i jedan od židovskih vođa. Noću je došao k Isusu i rekao mu: »Učitelju, znamo da si učitelj poslan od Boga jer nitko ne može činiti čudesne znakove koje ti činiš, a da Bog nije s njim.«

Isus mu je odgovorio: »Govorim ti istinu: tko se ponovo ne rodi, ne može vidjeti Božje kraljevstvo.«

»Kako se čovjek može roditi kad je star?« pitao je Nikodem. »Sigurno ne može drugi put ući u majčinu utrobu da bi se rodio.«

Isus mu odgovori: »Govorim ti istinu, ako se čovjek ne rodi od vode i Duha, ne može ući u Božje kraljevstvo. Što je rođeno od čovjeka—čovjek je; što je rođeno od Duha—duh je. Nemoj se čuditi mojim riječima: ‘Moraš se ponovo roditi’. Vjetar puše gdje god hoće. Možeš mu čuti šum, ali ne znaš ni odakle dolazi ni kamo ide. Tako je i sa svakim tko je rođen od Duha.«

»Kako je to uopće moguće?« upitao ga je Nikodem.

10 Isus mu je odgovorio: »Ti si učitelj u Izraelu, a još ne razumiješ o čemu ti govorim. 11 Govorim ti istinu. Govorimo o onome što znamo i prenosimo ono što smo vidjeli, ali vi ne prihvaćate što vam govorimo. 12 Govorio sam vam o zemaljskim stvarima i vi ne vjerujete. Pa kako ćete vjerovati kad vam budem govorio o nebeskima? 13 Nitko nikada nije uzašao na Nebo, osim Sina Čovječjeg, koji je i sišao s Neba.

14 Baš kao što je Mojsije podigao zmiju u pustinji,[a] tako mora biti podignut i Sin Čovječji, 15 da bi svatko tko u njega vjeruje, imao vječni život.«

16 Jer, Bog je toliko ljubio svijet da je dao svoga Sina jedinca da ne umre nitko tko u njega vjeruje, nego da ima vječni život. 17 Bog nije poslao svoga jedinoga Sina da sudi svijetu, nego da se svijet spasi po njemu. 18 Tko vjeruje u njega, nije osuđen, no onaj tko ne vjeruje, već je osuđen jer nije povjerovao u jedinoga Božjeg Sina. 19 Na ovome se temelji osuda: Svjetlo je došlo na svijet, ali ljudi su više voljeli tamu jer su im djela bila zla. 20 Svatko tko čini zlo, mrzi svjetlo i kloni ga se da njegova djela ne bi bila razotkrivena. 21 No onaj tko radi što je istinito, dolazi k svjetlu da se jasno vidi kako su njegova djela učinjena u Bogu.[b]

Isus i Ivan Krstitelj

22 Nakon toga, Isus je sa svojim učenicima otišao u unutrašnjost Judeje. Ondje je s njima boravio i krstio narod. 23 Ivan je također bio tu i krstio u Enonu, nedaleko od Salima, jer je tamo bilo mnogo vode. Ljudi su neprekidno dolazili i krstili se. 24 Ivan još nije bio bačen u tamnicu.

25 Tada je došlo do rasprave između nekih Ivanovih učenika i nekog Židova o obrednom pranju[c]. 26 Učenici su došli k Ivanu i rekli: »Učitelju, čovjek koji je bio s tobom s druge strane Jordana—onaj o kojem si govorio—on krsti i svi idu k njemu.«

27 Ivan je odgovorio: »Nitko ne može prisvojiti ništa ako mu to ne da Bog. 28 Vi sami možete posvjedočiti da sam rekao: ‘Ja nisam Krist.’ Bog me poslao da navijestim njegov dolazak. 29 Nevjesta pripada mladoženji. Mladoženjin prijatelj stoji sa strane, raduje se, pomaže i iščekuje njegov dolazak. Njegova je radost potpuna kad začuje mladoženjin glas. Takvu radost ja sada osjećam i ona je potpuna. 30 On će biti sve važniji, a ja sve nevažniji.«

Onaj koji dolazi s neba

31 Tko dolazi odozgo, taj je iznad svih. Tko je sa Zemlje, pripada Zemlji i govori o zemaljskim stvarima. Tko dolazi od Boga, taj je iznad svih! 32 On govori o onome što je vidio i čuo, no nitko ne prihvaća njegove riječi. 33 Tko prihvati njegove riječi, taj potvrđuje da je Bog istinit! 34 On, kojeg je poslao Bog, govori Božje riječi jer mu Bog daje Duha bez mjere. 35 Otac ljubi Sina i svu je vlast predao njemu. 36 Tko povjeruje u Sina, ima vječni život. A tko nije poslušan Sinu, neće nikada iskusiti taj život, već Božji gnjev ostaje na njemu.

Footnotes

  1. 3,14 Mojsije … pustinji Kad su Izraelci umirali od ugriza zmija, Bog je rekao Mojsiju da stavi brončanu zmiju na štap kako bi onaj tko u nju pogleda bio ozdravljen. Vidi Br 21,4-9.
  2. 3,21 Redci 16–21 Neki stručnjaci za Bibliju smatraju da su ovo Isusove riječi, dok drugi da su Ivanove.
  3. 3,25 obredno pranje Židovi su pristupali religijskim obredima pranja, na strogo propisane načine, prije jela, prije molitve u Hramu i u nekim posebnim prigodama.

There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews:

The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.

Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born?

Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.

That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.

Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again.

The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.

Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?

10 Jesus answered and said unto him, Art thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?

11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.

12 If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?

13 And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which is in heaven.

14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:

15 That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.

16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.

18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.

19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.

20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.

21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.

22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he tarried with them, and baptized.

23 And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized.

24 For John was not yet cast into prison.

25 Then there arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.

26 And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him.

27 John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven.

28 Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him.

29 He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled.

30 He must increase, but I must decrease.

31 He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all.

32 And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony.

33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true.

34 For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him.

35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand.

36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.

Nicodemus Visits Jesus

Now there was a Pharisee named Nicodemus, a leader of the Jews. He came to Jesus[a] by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do unless God is with that person.”(A) Jesus answered him, “Very truly, I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God without being born from above.”[b](B) Nicodemus said to him, “How can anyone be born after having grown old? Can one enter a second time into the mother’s womb and be born?” Jesus answered, “Very truly, I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God without being born of water and Spirit.(C) What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not be astonished that I said to you, ‘You[c] must be born from above.’[d] The wind[e] blows where it chooses, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit.”(D) Nicodemus said to him, “How can these things be?”(E) 10 Jesus answered him, “Are you the teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?

11 “Very truly, I tell you, we speak of what we know and testify to what we have seen, yet you[f] do not receive our testimony.(F) 12 If I have told you about earthly things and you do not believe, how can you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? 13 No one has ascended into heaven except the one who descended from heaven, the Son of Man.[g](G) 14 And just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up,(H) 15 that whoever believes in him may have eternal life.[h](I)

16 “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life.(J)

17 “Indeed, God did not send the Son into the world to condemn the world but in order that the world might be saved through him.(K) 18 Those who believe in him are not condemned, but those who do not believe are condemned already because they have not believed in the name of the only Son of God.(L) 19 And this is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and people loved darkness rather than light because their deeds were evil.(M) 20 For all who do evil hate the light and do not come to the light, so that their deeds may not be exposed.(N) 21 But those who do what is true come to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that their deeds have been done in God.”[i](O)

Jesus and John the Baptist

22 After this Jesus and his disciples went into the region of Judea, and he spent some time there with them and baptized. 23 John also was baptizing at Aenon near Salim because water was abundant there, and people kept coming and were being baptized. 24 (John, of course, had not yet been thrown into prison.)(P)

25 Now a discussion about purification arose between John’s disciples and a Jew.[j] 26 They came to John and said to him, “Rabbi, the one who was with you across the Jordan, to whom you testified, here he is baptizing, and all are going to him.”(Q) 27 John answered, “No one can receive anything except what has been given from heaven.(R) 28 You yourselves are my witnesses that I said, ‘I am not the Messiah,[k] but I have been sent ahead of him.’(S) 29 He who has the bride is the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom who stands and hears him rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice. For this reason my joy has been fulfilled.(T) 30 He must increase, but I must decrease.”[l]

The One Who Comes from Heaven

31 The one who comes from above is above all; the one who is of the earth belongs to the earth and speaks about earthly things. The one who comes from heaven is above all.(U) 32 He testifies to what he has seen and heard, yet no one accepts his testimony.(V) 33 Whoever has accepted his testimony has certified[m] this, that God is true.(W) 34 He whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for he gives the Spirit without measure.(X) 35 The Father loves the Son and has placed all things in his hands.(Y) 36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever disobeys the Son will not see life but must endure God’s wrath.(Z)

Footnotes

  1. 3.2 Gk him
  2. 3.3 Or born anew
  3. 3.7 The Greek word for you here is plural
  4. 3.7 Or born anew
  5. 3.8 The same Greek word means both wind and spirit
  6. 3.11 The Greek word for you here and in 3.12 is plural
  7. 3.13 Other ancient authorities add who is in heaven
  8. 3.15 Some interpreters hold that the quotation concludes with 3.15
  9. 3.21 Some interpreters hold that the quotation concludes with 3.15
  10. 3.25 Other ancient authorities read the Jews
  11. 3.28 Or the Christ
  12. 3.30 Some interpreters hold that the quotation continues through 3.36
  13. 3.33 Gk set a seal to

Jesus Teaches Nicodemus

Now there was a Pharisee, a man named Nicodemus(A) who was a member of the Jewish ruling council.(B) He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi,(C) we know(D) that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs(E) you are doing if God were not with him.”(F)

Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again.[a](G)

“How can someone be born when they are old?” Nicodemus asked. “Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother’s womb to be born!”

Jesus answered, “Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit.(H) Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit[b] gives birth to spirit.(I) You should not be surprised at my saying, ‘You[c] must be born again.’ The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”[d](J)

“How can this be?”(K) Nicodemus asked.

10 “You are Israel’s teacher,”(L) said Jesus, “and do you not understand these things? 11 Very truly I tell you, we speak of what we know,(M) and we testify to what we have seen, but still you people do not accept our testimony.(N) 12 I have spoken to you of earthly things and you do not believe; how then will you believe if I speak of heavenly things? 13 No one has ever gone into heaven(O) except the one who came from heaven(P)—the Son of Man.[e](Q) 14 Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness,(R) so the Son of Man must be lifted up,[f](S) 15 that everyone who believes(T) may have eternal life in him.”[g](U)

16 For God so loved(V) the world that he gave(W) his one and only Son,(X) that whoever believes(Y) in him shall not perish but have eternal life.(Z) 17 For God did not send his Son into the world(AA) to condemn the world, but to save the world through him.(AB) 18 Whoever believes in him is not condemned,(AC) but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because they have not believed in the name of God’s one and only Son.(AD) 19 This is the verdict: Light(AE) has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil.(AF) 20 Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed.(AG) 21 But whoever lives by the truth comes into the light, so that it may be seen plainly that what they have done has been done in the sight of God.

John Testifies Again About Jesus

22 After this, Jesus and his disciples went out into the Judean countryside, where he spent some time with them, and baptized.(AH) 23 Now John(AI) also was baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because there was plenty of water, and people were coming and being baptized. 24 (This was before John was put in prison.)(AJ) 25 An argument developed between some of John’s disciples and a certain Jew over the matter of ceremonial washing.(AK) 26 They came to John and said to him, “Rabbi,(AL) that man who was with you on the other side of the Jordan—the one you testified(AM) about—look, he is baptizing, and everyone is going to him.”

27 To this John replied, “A person can receive only what is given them from heaven. 28 You yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Messiah but am sent ahead of him.’(AN) 29 The bride belongs to the bridegroom.(AO) The friend who attends the bridegroom waits and listens for him, and is full of joy when he hears the bridegroom’s voice. That joy is mine, and it is now complete.(AP) 30 He must become greater; I must become less.”[h]

31 The one who comes from above(AQ) is above all; the one who is from the earth belongs to the earth, and speaks as one from the earth.(AR) The one who comes from heaven is above all. 32 He testifies to what he has seen and heard,(AS) but no one accepts his testimony.(AT) 33 Whoever has accepted it has certified that God is truthful. 34 For the one whom God has sent(AU) speaks the words of God, for God[i] gives the Spirit(AV) without limit. 35 The Father loves the Son and has placed everything in his hands.(AW) 36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life,(AX) but whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on them.

Footnotes

  1. John 3:3 The Greek for again also means from above; also in verse 7.
  2. John 3:6 Or but spirit
  3. John 3:7 The Greek is plural.
  4. John 3:8 The Greek for Spirit is the same as that for wind.
  5. John 3:13 Some manuscripts Man, who is in heaven
  6. John 3:14 The Greek for lifted up also means exalted.
  7. John 3:15 Some interpreters end the quotation with verse 21.
  8. John 3:30 Some interpreters end the quotation with verse 36.
  9. John 3:34 Greek he